{"id":54415,"date":"2019-12-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-24T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kubity-vmesto-bitov-kakoe-budushhee-gotovyat-nam-kvantovye-kompyutery"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:25","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:25","slug":"kubity-vmesto-bitov-kakoe-budushhee-gotovyat-nam-kvantovye-kompyutery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/kubity-vmesto-bitov-kakoe-budushhee-gotovyat-nam-kvantovye-kompyutery","title":{"rendered":"Qubits instead of bits: what future do quantum computers prepare for us?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Qubits
\nOne of the main scientific challenges of our time has become the race to create the first useful quantum computer. Thousands of physicists and engineers are involved in this endeavor. Concepts are being developed by IBM, Google, Alibaba, Microsoft, and Intel. How a powerful computing device will change our world, and why it is so important?
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nImagine for a moment: a fully functional quantum computer has been created. It has become a familiar and natural element of our lives. Classic computing is now only discussed in schools during history lessons. Somewhere deep in cold basements, powerful machines operate qubits to support the work of robots equipped with artificial intelligence. They perform all dangerous and simply monotonous tasks. While walking in the park, you look around and see all sorts of robots. Humanoid beings are walking dogs, selling ice cream, repairing wiring, and sweeping the area. Some models are replacing pets.<\/p>\n

We have gained the ability to uncover all the mysteries of the universe and look within ourselves. Medicine has reached a new level \u2014 innovative drugs are being developed every week. We can predict and identify where scarce resources such as gas and oil are located. The problem of global warming has been resolved, energy-saving methods have been optimized, and there are no more traffic jams in cities. A quantum computer not only manages all robotic machines but also ensures free movement: it monitors the situation on the roads, adjusts routes, and takes over control from drivers if necessary. This is what the quantum age might look like. <\/p>\n

Quantum Gold Rush<\/h3>\n

\nThe potential applications are mind-boggling, so investments in quantum developments are growing every year. The global quantum computing market was valued at USD 81.6 million in 2018. Market.us experts estimate that by 2026 it will reach USD 381.6 million. This means it will grow at an average rate of 21.26% per year from 2019 to 2026. <\/p>\n

This growth is driven by the increasing use of quantum cryptography in security applications and is fueled by investments from stakeholders in the quantum computing market. By the beginning of this year, according to an analysis by the scientific journal Nature, private investors have funded at least 52 quantum technology companies worldwide. Major players like IBM, Google, Alibaba, Microsoft, Intel, and D-Wave Systems are working on creating practically applicable quantum computers. <\/p>\n

Yes, while the funds flowing into this area each year are still modest (for comparison, AI investments amounted to $9.3 billion in 2018), these figures are significant for an immature industry that cannot yet boast of effective performance metrics.<\/p>\n

Solving quantum problems<\/h3>\n

\nIt is important to understand that the technology is still in its infancy. Only prototypes of quantum machines and a few experimental systems have been created. They are capable of executing fixed algorithms of low complexity. The first 2-qubit computer was built in 1998, and humanity took 21 years to bring devices to the so-called 'quantum supremacy' level. This term was introduced by John Preskill, a professor at the California Institute of Technology. It means the ability of quantum devices to solve tasks faster than the most powerful classical computers. <\/p>\n

A breakthrough in this area was made by the California company Google. In September 2019, the corporation announced that its 53-qubit Sycamore device completed a computation in 200 seconds, a task that would take the most advanced supercomputer 10,000 years to finish. The statement sparked a lot of debate. IBM firmly disagreed with such calculations. In its blog, the company stated that its supercomputer Summit could accomplish the same task in 2.5 days. All that is needed for this is to increase the storage capacity. Although the actual difference was not so colossal, Google was indeed the first to achieve 'quantum supremacy.' This marks an important milestone in computer research, but nothing more than that. The achievement of Sycamore is purely demonstrative. It has no practical application and is useless for solving real problems. <\/p>\n

The main issue is the hardware. While traditional computing bits have a value of 0 or 1, in the strange quantum world, qubits can exist in both states simultaneously. This property is called superposition. Qubits are akin to spinning tops: they rotate both clockwise and counterclockwise at the same time, moving up and down. If you find this confusing, you are in excellent company. Richard Feynman once said, 'If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don\u2019t understand quantum mechanics.' Bold words from a person who won the Nobel Prize for... quantum mechanics.<\/p>\n

Thus, qubits are extremely unstable and susceptible to external influences. A car passing by the laboratory windows, internal noise from the cooling system, a cosmic particle flying through \u2014 any random interference, any interaction disrupts their synchronization, causing them to decohere. This is detrimental to computations. <\/p>\n

The key question for the development of quantum computing is which hardware solution among the many researched will ensure the stability of qubits. Whoever solves the problem of coherence-breaking and makes quantum computers as ubiquitous as graphics processors will win the Nobel Prize and become the richest person in the world. <\/p>\n

The path to commercialization<\/h3>\n

\nIn 2011, the Canadian company D-Wave Systems Inc. was the first to sell quantum computers, although their usefulness is limited to certain mathematical problems. In the coming months, millions of developers will be able to start using quantum processors via the cloud \u2014 IBM promises to provide access to its 53-qubit device. So far, 20 companies have received this privilege under a program called Q Network, including technology manufacturer Samsung Electronics, car manufacturers Honda Motor and Daimler, chemical companies JSR and Nagase, and banks JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Barclays. <\/p>\n

Most companies experimenting with quantum computing today view it as an integral part of the future. Their main mission now is to discover what works in quantum computing and what doesn\u2019t. They aim to be the first to implement the technology in business when it is ready. <\/p>\n

Transportation organizations. Volkswagen, in collaboration with D-Wave, is developing a quantum application \u2014 a traffic management system. The new program will enable public transport organizations and taxi companies in major cities to use their fleets more efficiently and reduce passenger wait times. <\/p>\n

Energy sector. ExxonMobil and IBM are promoting the use of quantum computing in energy. They are focused on developing a range of new energy technologies, improving energy efficiency, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The scale and complexity of the challenges faced by the energy sector exceed the capabilities of modern traditional computers, making them well-suited for testing on quantum systems. <\/p>\n

Pharmaceutical companies. Accenture Labs is collaborating with 1QBit, a quantum software development company. Within just two months of research, they transitioned to proof of concept \u2014 applying an application to model complex molecular interactions at the atomic level. With the power of quantum computing, it has become possible to analyze larger molecules. What will this bring to society? Innovative drugs with fewer side effects.<\/p>\n

The Financial Sector. Technologies based on the principles of quantum theory are increasingly attracting the interest of banks. They are keen to process transactions, deals, and other types of data as quickly as possible. Barclays and JP Morgan Chase (with IBM) as well as NatWest (with Fujitsu) are already experimenting with developing specialized software. <\/p>\n

The acceptance by such large corporations and the emergence of entrepreneurial quantum pioneers indicate the commercial viability of quantum computing. We are already seeing quantum computing applied to real-world tasks \u2014 from increasing energy efficiency to optimizing transportation routes. Importantly, the value of the technology will grow as it develops.
\n
Source: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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