{"id":56195,"date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/zagolovok-x-client-data-kak-metod-identifikatsii-polzovatelej-chrome"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:04:25","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:04:25","slug":"zagolovok-x-client-data-kak-metod-identifikatsii-polzovatelej-chrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/zagolovok-x-client-data-kak-metod-identifikatsii-polzovatelej-chrome","title":{"rendered":"X-Client-Data Header as a Method for Identifying Chrome Users","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

In discussions of the<\/a><\/noindex> Google initiative to unify the HTTP User-Agent header content, the developer of the Kiwi browser pointed out<\/a><\/noindex> regarding the HTTP header in Chrome 'X-Client-Data', which potentially violates<\/a><\/noindex> the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) currently in force in the European Union (GDPR<\/a><\/noindex>). During the discussion<\/a><\/noindex> the duality of Google's actions was also criticized, as on one hand it promotes<\/a><\/noindex> methods<\/a><\/noindex> to block hidden identification and tracking of users' actions, but on the other hand is slow to remove support for the X-Client-Data header in Chrome, which can be used to identify browser instances when accessing Google services.<\/p>\n

The X-Client-Data header is not a hidden feature, and its behavior is described<\/a><\/noindex> in the documentation. Through X-Client-Data, Google collects data on the activity of certain experimental capabilities in Chrome tied to its websites (for instance, during an experiment, Google can activate specific test features in YouTube if they are supported by the browser or attempt to correlate issues that arise with the activation of experimental functions). <\/p>\n

The header is sent<\/a><\/noindex> only applies to requests to Google sites matching the patterns '*.doubleclick.net', '*.googlesyndication.com', 'www.googleadservices.com', '*.google.<TLD<\/a><\/noindex>>\u2019 and '*.youtube.', and sent over HTTPS. In incognito mode, the header is not populated, but if the authenticated user profile switches to a guest profile or data clearing is triggered, the header is not reset and continues to send the previous value.<\/p>\n

\"X-Client-Data<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

It is stated that the header does not contain personally identifiable information, but only describes the state of the Chrome installation and active experimental capabilities. If telemetry reporting on browser usage and crash reports is disabled in settings, the base value of the X-Client-Data header uses only 13 bits of entropy (8000 different combinations), which is insufficient for identification. <\/p>\n

Considering that the header also encodes some settings and system parameters, the contents of X-Client-Data are quite suitable as an additional data source for indirectly identifying users over a short period (experimental capabilities are periodically enabled and disabled, leading to changes in the value of X-Client-Data). <\/p>\n

However, in addition to the initial entropy when forming the value of X-Client-Data, a seed sequence returned by Google servers is also used, which depends on the country, IP address, and other criteria that Google deems important (for example, nothing prevents the return of a large random sequence that would serve as an exact identifier).
\nAdditionally, checking Google's domain patterns when sending X-Client-Data does not exclude situations where an attacker could register a domain like 'youtube.xn--55qx5d' and start collecting identifiers.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Source: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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