{"id":77298,"date":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8"},"modified":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","slug":"kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","title":{"rendered":"How to Install and Use AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) on CentOS 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>As we approach the start of the course <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">Linux Administrator<\/a><\/noindex> prepared a translation of interesting material.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How to Install and Use AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) on CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e0f652f377fb48798444f1db1de5a376.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAIDE stands for 'Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment' \u2013 it is one of the most popular systems for monitoring changes in Linux-based operating systems. AIDE is used to protect against malware, viruses, and to detect unauthorized actions. To verify file integrity and detect intrusions, AIDE creates a database with file information and compares the current state of the system with this database. AIDE helps reduce incident investigation time by focusing on files that have been changed.<\/p>\n<p>AIDE Features:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Support for various file attributes, including: file type, inode, uid, gid, permissions, number of links, mtime, ctime, and atime.<\/li>\n<li>Support for Gzip compression, SELinux, XAttrs, Posix ACL, and filesystem attributes.<\/li>\n<li>Support for various algorithms, including md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, rmd160, crc32, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Sending notifications via email.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIn this article, we will discuss how to install and use AIDE for intrusion detection on CentOS 8.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Prerequisites<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A server running CentOS 8, with at least 2 GB of RAM.<\/li>\n<li>Root access<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Getting Started<\/h3>\n<p>\nFirst, it is recommended to update the system. To do this, execute the following command.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAfter the update, restart the system for the changes to take effect.<\/p>\n<h3>Installing AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nAIDE is available in the default CentOS 8 repository. You can easily install it by executing the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf install aide -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOnce the installation is complete, you can check the AIDE version using the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nYou should see the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Aide 0.16\n\nCompiled with the following options:\n\nWITH_MMAP\nWITH_PCRE\nWITH_POSIX_ACL\nWITH_SELINUX\nWITH_XATTR\nWITH_E2FSATTRS\nWITH_LSTAT64\nWITH_READDIR64\nWITH_ZLIB\nWITH_CURL\nWITH_GCRYPT\nWITH_AUDIT\nCONFIG_FILE = \"\/etc\/aide.conf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAvailable Options <code>aide<\/code> can be viewed as follows:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --help<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How to Install and Use AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) on CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/b85d16149448ab22bb6b09ee66bf5bc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Creating and Initializing the Database<\/h3>\n<p>\nThe first thing you need to do after installing AIDE is to initialize it. Initialization involves creating a database (snapshot) of all files and directories on the server.<\/p>\n<p>To initialize the database, execute the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --init<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nYou should see the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:03:19 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE initialized database at \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nNumber of entries:\t49472\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nThe attributes of the (uncompressed) database(s):\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n\/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n  MD5      : 4N79P7hPE2uxJJ1o7na9sA==\n  SHA1     : Ic2XBj50MKiPd1UGrtcUk4LGs0M=\n  RMD160   : rHMMy5WwHVb9TGUc+TBHFHsPCrk=\n  TIGER    : vkb2bvB1r7DbT3n6d1qYVfDzrNCzTkI0\n  SHA256   : tW3KmjcDef2gNXYqnOPT1l0gDFd0tBh9\n             xWXT2iaEHgQ=\n  SHA512   : VPMRQnz72+JRgNQhL16dxQC9c+GiYB8g\n             uZp6uZNqTvTdxw+w\/IYDSanTtt\/fEkiI\n             nDw6lgDNI\/ls2esijukliQ==\n\n\nEnd timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:03:44 -0500 (run time: 0m 25s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nThe command above will create a new database. <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> in the directory <code>\/var\/lib\/aide<\/code>. It can be viewed using the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nResult:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 2800\n-rw------- 1 root root 2863809 Jan 16 03:03 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE will not use this new database file until it is renamed to <code>aide.db.gz<\/code>. This can be done as follows:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIt is recommended to periodically update this database to ensure necessary change monitoring. <\/p>\n<p>You can change the database location by modifying the parameter <code>DBDIR<\/code> in the file <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>Running a check<\/h3>\n<p>\nNow AIDE is ready to use the new database. Run the first AIDE check without making any changes:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nExecuting this command will take some time depending on the size of your filesystem and the amount of RAM on your server. After the check is complete, you should see the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:05:07 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE found NO differences between database and filesystem. Looks okay!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nThe output above indicates that all files and directories match the AIDE database.<\/p>\n<h3>Testing AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nBy default, AIDE does not monitor the default root directory of Apache. <code>\/var\/www\/html.<\/code> Let's configure AIDE to monitor it. To do this, you need to edit the file <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/aide.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAdd above the line <code>\"\/root\/CONTENT_EX\"<\/code> the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/www\/html\/ CONTENT_EX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNext, create a file <code>aide.txt<\/code> in the directory <code>\/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>, using the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"Test AIDE\" &gt; \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNow run the AIDE check and ensure the created file is detected.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nYou should see the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:09:40 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE found differences between database and filesystem!!\n\nSummary:\n  Total number of entries:\t49475\n  Added entries:\t\t1\n  Removed entries:\t\t0\n  Changed entries:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nAdded entries:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nWe can see that the created file was detected. <code>aide.txt<\/code>.<br \/>\nAfter analyzing the detected changes, update the AIDE database.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAfter the update, you will see the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:10:41 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE found differences between database and filesystem!!\nNew AIDE database written to \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nSummary:\n  Total number of entries:\t49475\n  Added entries:\t\t1\n  Removed entries:\t\t0\n  Changed entries:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nAdded entries:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nThe command above will create a new database. <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> in the directory <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nYou can view it using the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nResult:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 5600\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864012 Jan 16 03:09 aide.db.gz\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864100 Jan 16 03:11 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNow rename the new database again so that AIDE uses the new database for tracking further changes. You can rename it as follows:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRun the check again to ensure that AIDE is using the new database:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nYou should see the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:12:29 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE found NO differences between database and filesystem. Looks okay!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Automating the check<\/h3>\n<p>\nIt's a good idea to run AIDE checks every day and send the report via email. This process can be automated using cron.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/crontab<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTo run AIDE checks every day at 10:15, add the following line to the end of the file:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">15 10 * * * root \/usr\/sbin\/aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNow AIDE will notify you by email. You can check your email using the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/mail\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nThe AIDE log can be viewed using the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/aide\/aide.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>\nIn this article, you learned how to use AIDE to detect file changes and identify unauthorized access to the server. For additional configuration, you can modify the configuration file \/etc\/aide.conf. For security purposes, it is recommended to keep the database and configuration file on a read-only medium. Additional information can be found in the documentation. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/7\/html\/security_guide\/sec-using-aide\">AIDE Doc<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">Learn more about the course.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/496312\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430. AIDE \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u201cAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Linux. AIDE \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":77299,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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