{"id":87418,"date":"2020-07-08T01:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T23:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih"},"modified":"2020-07-08T01:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T23:42:16","slug":"gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih","title":{"rendered":"A Beginner's Guide to DevOps","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>What is the importance of DevOps, what it means for IT professionals, and an overview of methods, frameworks, and tools.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Beginner&#039;s Guide to DevOps\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/519136aa266da5031b3def0cbd67d582.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMuch has happened since the term DevOps became established in the IT world. Given that much of the ecosystem is open source, it is important to revisit why it started and what it means for a career in IT.<\/p>\n<h3>What is DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nWhile there is no single definition, I believe that DevOps is a technological framework that facilitates interaction between development teams and operations teams for faster code deployment in production environments, along with the ability to repeat actions and automate processes. The rest of the article will be spent unpacking this statement.<\/p>\n<p>The term 'DevOps' is a combination of the words 'development' (dev) and 'operations' (ops). DevOps helps increase the speed of delivering applications and services. It enables organizations to effectively serve their customers and become more competitive in the market. Simply put, DevOps is about alignment between development and IT operations, fostering more effective interaction and collaboration.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDevOps embodies a culture where collaboration between developers, operators, and business teams is regarded as a critically important aspect. It is not just about the tools, as DevOps continuously benefits customers within an organization. Tools are one of its pillars, alongside people and processes. DevOps enhances organizations' capabilities to deliver high-quality solutions in the shortest time possible. Additionally, DevOps automates all processes, from building to deploying an application or product.<\/p>\n<p>The discussion around DevOps centers on the relationships between developers\u2014those who write software for a living\u2014and operators, who are responsible for maintaining that software.<\/p>\n<h3>Challenges for the Development Team<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevelopers tend to enthusiastically and eagerly implement new approaches and technologies to solve organizational problems. However, they also face certain challenges:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A competitive market creates significant pressure for timely product delivery.<\/li>\n<li>They must take care of managing production-ready code and implementing new capabilities.<\/li>\n<li>The release cycle can be lengthy, so the development team has to make several assumptions before deploying applications. In such scenarios, a greater buffer time is required to address issues that arise during deployment in production or test environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Challenges faced by the operations team<\/h3>\n<p>\nHistorically, operations teams are focused on the stability and reliability of IT services. This is why operations teams seek stability by making changes to resources, technologies, or approaches. Their responsibilities include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Managing resource allocation as demand grows. <\/li>\n<li>Handling changes in design or settings necessary for implementation in a production environment.<\/li>\n<li>Diagnosing and resolving production-related issues after self-deploying applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>How DevOps addresses development and operations challenges<\/h3>\n<p>\nInstead of rolling out a large set of application features all at once, companies attempt to determine if they can deploy a small number of features for their clients through a series of release iterations. This approach has several advantages, such as improved software quality, faster feedback from customers, etc. This, in turn, leads to a high degree of customer satisfaction. To achieve these goals, companies need to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the release failure rate of new releases<\/li>\n<li>Increase the deployment frequency<\/li>\n<li>Achieve faster mean time to recovery in the event of a new application release.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce correction time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDevOps accomplishes all these tasks and helps ensure continuous delivery. Organizations use DevOps to achieve performance levels that were unimaginable just a few years ago. They perform dozens, hundreds, and even thousands of deployments daily while ensuring world-class reliability, stability, and security. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/opensource.com\/article\/19\/3\/devops-most-important-tech-strategy\">(Learn more about batch sizes<\/a><\/noindex> and their impact on software delivery).<\/p>\n<p>DevOps aims to address various issues arising from the use of legacy methodologies, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The isolation of the developer and operations teams' work <\/li>\n<li>Testing and deployment as separate phases that occur after design and assembly and take more time than build cycles.<\/li>\n<li>Excessive time spent on testing, deployment, and design instead of focusing on creating core business services<\/li>\n<li>Manual code deployment leading to production errors<\/li>\n<li>Differences in the schedules of development and operations groups leading to additional delays<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Beginner&#039;s Guide to DevOps\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/efa9f7d0e530abcdb53d2e6168fa112f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Conflict between DevOps, Agile, and traditional IT<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps is often discussed in conjunction with other IT practices, particularly agile and waterfall IT infrastructures.<\/p>\n<p>Agile is a set of principles, values, and methods for software production. For instance, if you have an idea that you want to transform into software, you can utilize Agile principles and values. However, this software may only work in a development or testing environment. You need a simple and secure method to quickly and reliably transfer software into the production environment, which is where DevOps tools and methods come in. Agile methodology focuses on development processes, while DevOps is responsible for the development and deployment \u2014 the safest and most reliable way.<\/p>\n<p>Comparing the traditional waterfall model with DevOps is a good way to understand the benefits that DevOps provides. In the following example, it is assumed that the application will be launched in four weeks, development is 85% complete, the application will be launched, and the process of procuring servers to deploy the code has just begun.<\/p>\n<p>Traditional processes<br \/>\nProcesses in DevOps<\/p>\n<p>After ordering new servers, the development team works on testing. The operations team works on the extensive documentation needed in enterprises for deploying the infrastructure.<br \/>\nAfter placing an order for new servers, the development and operations teams work together on processes and documentation for the installation of the new servers. This allows for a better understanding of infrastructure requirements.<\/p>\n<p>Information about recovery, redundancy, data center locations, and storage requirements is distorted, as there is no input from the development team, which has deep application knowledge.<br \/>\nDetailed information on overcoming failures, redundancy, disaster recovery, data center locations, and storage requirements is known and accurate due to the contributions of the development team.<\/p>\n<p>The operational team is unaware of the progress made by the development team. It is also creating a monitoring plan based on its own perceptions. <\/p>\n<p>The operational team is fully informed about the progress achieved by the development team. It also collaborates with the development team to jointly develop a monitoring plan that meets IT and business needs. They also utilize application performance monitoring (APM) tools.<\/p>\n<p>A load test conducted before the application launch leads to a failure, delaying its release.<br \/>\nA load test conducted before the application launch results in reduced performance. The development team swiftly resolves the bottlenecks, allowing the application to launch on time.<\/p>\n<h3>DevOps Lifecycle<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps entails adopting certain widely accepted practices.<\/p>\n<h3>Continuous Planning<\/h3>\n<p>\nContinuous planning is based on lean principles, starting small by identifying the resources and outcomes needed to validate business value or vision, continuously adapting, measuring progress, understanding customer needs, changing direction as necessary for agility, and updating the business plan.<\/p>\n<h3>Collaborative Development<\/h3>\n<p>\nThe collaborative development process enables businesses, development teams, and testing teams distributed across different time zones to continuously deliver high-quality software. This includes cross-platform development, support for various programming languages, creation of user stories, idea development, and lifecycle management. Collaborative development involves the practice and process of continuous integration, which facilitates frequent code integration and automated builds. By frequently deploying code into applications, integration issues are identified early in the lifecycle (when they are easier to fix), and the overall integration efforts are reduced through continuous feedback, as the project demonstrates ongoing and visible progress.<\/p>\n<h3>Continuous Testing<\/h3>\n<p>\nContinuous testing reduces testing costs by helping development teams balance speed and quality. It also eliminates bottlenecks in testing through the virtualization of services and simplifies the creation of virtualized test environments that can be easily shared, deployed, and updated as systems change. These capabilities decrease the costs of initializing and maintaining test environments, as well as shorten testing cycle times, allowing for integration testing at early stages of the lifecycle.<\/p>\n<h3>Continuous Release and Deployment<\/h3>\n<p>\nThese methodologies introduce one of the core practices: continuous release and deployment. They ensure a continuous pipeline that automates key processes. It reduces the number of manual operations, resource waiting times, and the amount of rework, allowing for deployment at the push of a button, which results in more releases, fewer errors, and complete transparency.<\/p>\n<p>Automation plays a crucial role in ensuring the stable and reliable release of software. One of the key tasks is to take manual processes, such as building, regression, deployment, and creating infrastructure, and automate them. This requires version control of the source code; testing and deployment scripts; infrastructure data and application configuration; as well as libraries and packages on which the application depends. Another important factor is the ability to query the state of all environments.<\/p>\n<h3>Continuous Monitoring<\/h3>\n<p>\nContinuous monitoring provides the formation of enterprise-level reports that help development teams understand the availability and performance of applications in the production environment even before they are deployed into production. Early feedback provided by continuous monitoring is crucial for reducing the cost of errors and managing projects in the right direction. This practice often includes monitoring tools that typically reveal metrics related to application performance.<\/p>\n<h3>Continuous Feedback and Optimization<\/h3>\n<p>\nContinuous feedback and optimization provide a visual representation of customer flow and accurate identification of problem areas. Feedback can be included both at the pre-sales and post-production stages to maximize value and ensure the successful completion of even more transactions. All of this ensures immediate visualization of the root causes of customer issues that affect their behavior and impact on the business.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Beginner&#039;s Guide to DevOps\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/dbf4a074aee8877a1121ad9f7c13c5d8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Benefits of DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps can foster the creation of an environment where developers and operators work as one team towards common goals. An important milestone in this process is the implementation of continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI\/CD). These methodologies will allow teams to bring software to market faster with fewer errors.<\/p>\n<p>The key benefits of DevOps include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Predictability: DevOps significantly reduces the frequency of failures when releasing new versions.<\/li>\n<li>Maintainability: DevOps ensures easy recovery in case of failures during a new release or application downtime.<\/li>\n<li>Reproducibility: A version control system for builds or code allows for restoring earlier versions as needed.<\/li>\n<li>Higher quality: Addressing infrastructure issues improves the quality of application development.<\/li>\n<li>Time to market: Optimizing software delivery reduces time to market by 50%.<\/li>\n<li>Risk reduction: Ensuring security in the software lifecycle decreases the number of defects throughout the lifecycle.<\/li>\n<li>Cost-effectiveness: The pursuit of cost-effectiveness in software development pleases upper management.<\/li>\n<li>Resilience: The software system is more stable, secure, and changes can be validated.<\/li>\n<li>Larger codebases are broken into manageable parts: DevOps is based on agile development methods that allow large codebases to be divided into smaller, manageable components.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>DevOps principles<\/h3>\n<p>\nThe adoption of DevOps has led to several principles that have evolved (and continue to evolve). Most solution providers have developed their own modifications of various methodologies. All these principles are based on a holistic approach to DevOps, and organizations of any size can implement them.<\/p>\n<h3>Develop and test in an environment similar to production<\/h3>\n<p>\nThe essence is to allow development and quality assurance (QA) teams to build and test systems that behave like production systems so they can see how the application performs and operates long before it's ready for deployment.<\/p>\n<p>The application should be connected to production systems as early as possible in the lifecycle to address three main potential issues. Firstly, it allows the application to be tested in an environment that closely resembles the real one. Secondly, it enables the testing and validation of application delivery processes in advance. Thirdly, it allows the operations team to verify early in the lifecycle how their environment will behave when applications are deployed, thereby enabling them to create a finely-tuned, application-oriented environment.<\/p>\n<h3>Deployment with reproducible, reliable processes<\/h3>\n<p>\nThis principle allows development and operations teams to maintain flexible software development processes throughout the lifecycle. Automation is critical for creating iterative, reliable, and reproducible processes. Consequently, the organization must create a delivery pipeline that ensures continuous automated deployment and testing. Frequent deployments also allow teams to test deployment processes, thereby reducing the risk of deployment failures during actual releases.<\/p>\n<h3>Monitoring and verifying performance quality<\/h3>\n<p>\nOrganizations excel at monitoring applications in production because they have tools that capture metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) in real time. This principle shifts monitoring to the earlier stages of the lifecycle, ensuring that automated testing tracks both functional and non-functional attributes of the application early in the process. Whenever an application is tested and deployed, quality metrics should be examined and analyzed. Monitoring tools provide early alerts for operational and quality issues that may arise during production. These metrics should be collected in a format that is accessible and understandable to all stakeholders.<\/p>\n<h3>Enhancing feedback loops<\/h3>\n<p>\nOne of the goals of DevOps processes is to enable organizations to respond and make changes more quickly. In software delivery, this goal requires organizations to receive feedback early on and then quickly learn from each action taken. This principle demands that organizations create communication channels that allow stakeholders to access and engage in feedback. Development can occur by adjusting their project plans or priorities. Production can act by improving the production environment.<\/p>\n<h3>Dev<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Planning:<\/b> Kanboard, Wekan, and other alternatives to Trello; GitLab, Tuleap, Redmine, and other alternatives to JIRA; Mattermost, Roit.im, IRC, and other alternatives to Slack. <\/li>\n<li><b>Coding:<\/b> Git, Gerrit, Bugzilla; Jenkins and other open-source tools for CI\/CD.<\/li>\n<li><b>Building:<\/b> Apache Maven, Gradle, Apache Ant, Packer.<\/li>\n<li><b>Testing:<\/b> JUnit, Cucumber, Selenium, Apache JMeter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ops <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Release, deployment, operations:<\/b> Kubernetes, Nomad, Jenkins, Zuul, Spinnaker, Ansible, Apache ZooKeeper, etcd, Netflix Archaius, Terraform.<\/li>\n<li><b>Monitoring:<\/b> Grafana, Prometheus, Nagios, InfluxDB, Fluentd, and others covered in this guide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<i>(* Tools for operations were numbered in the order used by operational teams, but their toolkit overlaps with the lifecycle stages of release and deployment tools. For readability, the numbering was removed.)<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>In conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps is an increasingly popular methodology aimed at uniting developers and operators into a single entity. It is unique, distinct from traditional IT operations, and complements Agile (but is not as flexible).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Beginner&#039;s Guide to DevOps\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/270640805d10c24a189b1cb4af916488.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLearn more about how to gain an in-demand profession from scratch or Level Up your skills and salary by taking paid online courses at SkillFactory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/devops?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=DEVOPS&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">DevOps Course<\/a><\/noindex> (12 months)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>                        <b class=\"spoiler_title\">more courses<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/ml-programma-machine-learning-online?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=ML&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Machine Learning Course<\/a><\/noindex> (12 weeks)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/data-scientist?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=DST&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Data Science Profession Training from Scratch<\/a><\/noindex> (12 months)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/analytics?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=SDA&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Analyst profession with any starting level<\/a><\/noindex> (9 months)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/python-for-web-developers?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=PWS&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Course \"Python for Web Development\"<\/a><\/noindex> (9 months)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Useful<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/503196\/\">450 Free Courses from Ivy League<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/508450\/\">Trends in Data Science 2020<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/508556\/\">Data Science is dead. Long live Business Science.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/506790\/\">Data Science on steroids: an introduction to Decision Intelligence.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/503504\/\">The most successful and most controversial Data Science project: Cambridge Analytica.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/509344\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c DevOps, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0418\u0422-\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d DevOps \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 IT-\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u0421 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432 IT. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 DevOps \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":87419,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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