{"id":87814,"date":"2020-07-10T13:42:14","date_gmt":"2020-07-10T11:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-luchshe-oracle-ili-redis-ili-kak-obosnovat-vybor-platformy"},"modified":"2020-07-10T13:42:14","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T11:42:14","slug":"chto-luchshe-oracle-ili-redis-ili-kak-obosnovat-vybor-platformy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-luchshe-oracle-ili-redis-ili-kak-obosnovat-vybor-platformy","title":{"rendered":"What is better \u2013 Oracle or Redis or How to justify the choice of platform","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>\u2014 It\u2019s incredible, \u2014 she said loudly without addressing anyone. \u2014 It\u2019s incredible! It\u2019s clearly stated that the main goal of society is to extract profit in the interests of shareholders. Just think about it! They fear nothing!<\/p>\n<p><i>Yuliy Dubov, \"The Lesser Evil\"<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nSeeing such a headline, you probably already concluded that the article is either nonsense or a provocation. But do not rush to conclusions: employees of large corporations, especially those with state participation, often have to compare different platforms, including completely different ones \u2014 for example, those mentioned in the headline.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"What is better \u2013 Oracle or Redis or How to justify the choice of platform\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6b0c0a3a60794b2a9e98733e59eec6da.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOf course, databases are not compared in this way, as their strengths and weaknesses are well known. Typically, the platforms compared are those that solve a specific practical task. In this article, I will demonstrate the methodology used in this context, using databases as a topic that is familiar to the readers of Habr. So,<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h4>Motivation<\/h4>\n<p>\nWhen you start an educational project or a hobby project, the motivation for choosing a platform can vary greatly: \"I know this platform best,\" \"I find this one interesting to explore,\" \"this has the best documentation\"\u2026 In the case of a commercial company, there is only one criterion for choosing: how much will I have to pay and what will I get for that money.<\/p>\n<p>Naturally, you want to pay less but get more. However, you need to determine what is more important \u2013 to pay less or to get more, and assign a weight to each criterion. Suppose that we value a quality solution more than a cheap one, so we assign the criterion \"Cost\" a weight of 40%, and the criterion \"Capabilities\" a weight of 60%.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"What is better \u2013 Oracle or Redis or How to justify the choice of platform\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/b3ba842198428e7de98f3b5a27591d43.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nIn large corporations, it is usually the opposite \u2013 the weight of cost does not drop below 50%, and may even exceed 60%. In the model example, what\u2019s important is that the total weight of the child criteria of any parent criterion must equal 100%.<\/p>\n<h4>Exclusion criteria<\/h4>\n<p>\nSite <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/db-engines.com\/\">db-engines.com<\/a><\/noindex> there are about 500 database management systems known. Naturally, if you are to choose a target platform from such a number of options, it could result in a review article, but not a commercial project. To narrow down the selection, exclusion criteria are formulated, and if the platform does not meet these criteria, it is not considered.<\/p>\n<p>Exclusion criteria may relate to technological features, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ACID guarantees;<\/li>\n<li>the relational data model;<\/li>\n<li>support for SQL (note that this is not the same as the 'relational model');<\/li>\n<li>the ability to scale horizontally.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nThere may be general criteria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>availability of commercial support in Russia;<\/li>\n<li>open source;<\/li>\n<li>presence on the Ministry of Communications Registry;<\/li>\n<li>inclusion in some ranking (for example, in the top hundred of the db-engines.com ranking);<\/li>\n<li>availability of experts in the market (for example, based on search results for the platform name in resumes on hh.ru).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nUltimately, there may be criteria specific to the enterprise:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>availability of in-house specialists;<\/li>\n<li>compatibility with monitoring system X or backup system Y, which everything is dependent on...<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMost importantly, there should be a list of exclusion criteria. Otherwise, there will inevitably be some expert (or 'expert') who enjoys the special trust of the management, saying, 'Why didn't you choose platform Z? I know it's the best.' <\/p>\n<h4>Cost Assessment<\/h4>\n<p>\nThe cost of the solution obviously consists of the licensing costs, support costs, and equipment costs.<\/p>\n<p>If the systems are roughly of the same class (e.g., Microsoft SQL Server and PostgreSQL), then for simplicity, one can assume that the amount of equipment for both solutions will be roughly the same. This will allow for not evaluating the equipment, saving a lot of time and effort. However, if comparing completely different systems (say, Oracle vs. Redis), it is clear that a proper assessment requires sizing (calculating the amount of equipment). Sizing for a non-existent system is a rather thankless task, so such comparisons are generally avoided. It is simple: in the exclusion conditions, zero data loss and a relational model are written, or on the contrary \u2013 a load of 50 thousand transactions per second.<\/p>\n<p>To assess licenses, it is sufficient to request the cost of a fixed number of cores and support for a specified period from the vendor or its partners. Typically, companies have established strong relationships with software vendors, and if the database operations department cannot provide the cost information itself, a single email is often enough to obtain this information.<\/p>\n<p>Different vendors may have different licensing metrics: based on the number of cores, data volume, or the number of nodes. A standby database may be free or may be licensed in the same way as the primary one. If any discrepancies in metrics are identified, it will be necessary to describe the model stand in detail and calculate the cost of licenses for the stand.<\/p>\n<p>An important point for accurate comparison is identical support conditions. For example, Oracle support costs 22% of the license price per year, while PostgreSQL can be used without payment for support. Is it correct to compare this way? No, because errors that cannot be resolved internally have completely different consequences: in the first case, support specialists will quickly help to resolve it, while in the second case, there is a risk of project delays or the downtime of the operational system for an indefinite period.<\/p>\n<p>There are three ways to equalize the calculation conditions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Use Oracle without support (which is not realistic).<\/li>\n<li>Purchase support for PostgreSQL \u2013 for example, from Postgres Professional.<\/li>\n<li>Account for the risks associated with the lack of support.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nFor instance, a risk assessment might look like this: in the case of an unrecoverable database failure, the downtime of the system would be 1 working day. The planned profit from using the system is 40 billion Mongolian tugriks per year, and the frequency of failures is estimated at 1\/400, thus the risk of lacking support is assessed at about 100 million Mongolian tugriks per year. Clearly, both 'planned profit' and 'estimated failure frequency' are virtual quantities, but it is much better to have such a model than to have none at all.<\/p>\n<p>In reality, the system can be too important, and the reputational loss from prolonged downtime would be unacceptable, so support will be necessary. However, if downtime is permissible, forgoing support can sometimes be a good way to save costs.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose that after all calculations, the operating cost of platform A over 5 years turned out to be 800 million Mongolian tugriks, the operating cost of platform B was 650 million tugriks, and the operating cost of platform C was 600 million tugriks. Platform C, as the winner, receives a full score for cost, while platforms A and B receive slightly less, proportional to how much more expensive they are. In this case \u2013 0.75 and 0.92 points respectively.<\/p>\n<h4>Assessment of capabilities<\/h4>\n<p>\nAssessment of capabilities can be divided into multiple groups, the number of which is limited only by the imagination of the evaluator. An optimal approach seems to be dividing capabilities by the teams that will utilize them; in our example, these are developers, administrators, and information security officers. Suppose the weights of these functions are distributed as 40:40:20.<\/p>\n<p>The functions of development may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ease of data manipulation;<\/li>\n<li>scalability;<\/li>\n<li>availability of secondary indexes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nThe list of criteria, as well as their weights, is highly subjective. Even when solving the same problem, these lists, point weights, and answers can differ significantly depending on the composition of your team. For example, Facebook uses MySQL for data storage, while Instagram is built on Cassandra. It's unlikely that the developers of these applications filled out such tables. One can only guess that Mark Zuckerberg chose a full relational model, paying for it with the necessity of application-level sharding, while Kevin Systrom laid the groundwork for scalability at the platform level, sacrificing the ease of data access.<\/p>\n<p>The functions of administration include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>backup system capabilities;<\/li>\n<li>ease of monitoring;<\/li>\n<li>ease of resource management \u2013 disks and nodes;<\/li>\n<li>data replication capabilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPlease note that the wording of questions should allow for quantitative assessment. You can even agree on how to evaluate a particular function. For example, let's try to score the backup tools based on those provided with Oracle DBMS:<\/p>\n<p>Tool<br \/>\nComment<br \/>\nRating<\/p>\n<p>imp\/exp<br \/>\nData export and import<br \/>\n0.1<\/p>\n<p>begin\/end backup<br \/>\nFile copying<br \/>\n0.3<\/p>\n<p>RMAN<br \/>\nIncremental backup capability<br \/>\n0.7<\/p>\n<p>ZDLRA<br \/>\nIncremental backup only, fastest recovery to point<br \/>\n1.0<\/p>\n<p>\nIf clear assessment criteria are absent, it makes sense to ask several experts to provide ratings and then average them out.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, let's just list the information security functions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>availability of password management policies;<\/li>\n<li>ability to integrate with external authentication tools (LDAP, Kerberos);<\/li>\n<li>role-based access model;<\/li>\n<li>audit capabilities;<\/li>\n<li>data encryption at rest;<\/li>\n<li>encryption during network transmission (TLS);<\/li>\n<li>protection of data from administrators.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Performance Testing<\/h4>\n<p>\nI would like to caution against using the results of any load tests conducted by others as arguments.<\/p>\n<p>Firstly, the data structure and load profile of the tested applications may differ significantly from the task you intend to solve. About 10-15 years ago, database vendors loved to flaunt results achieved in TPC tests, but now it seems no one takes those results seriously.<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, system performance heavily depends on the platform for which the code was originally written and the hardware on which the test was conducted. I have seen numerous tests where Oracle was compared to PostgreSQL. The results range from the undeniable superiority of one system to the equally undeniable superiority of the other.<\/p>\n<p>And finally, thirdly, you know nothing about who conducted the test. Both qualifications, which affect the quality of OS and platform tuning, and motivation, which influences the test results more than all other factors combined, are important.<\/p>\n<p>If performance is a critically important factor, conduct the test yourself, preferably with the involvement of specialists who will configure and support the production system.<\/p>\n<h4>Result<\/h4>\n<p>\nFinally, the result of all the work done should be a spreadsheet where all grades are compiled, multiplied, and totaled:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"What is better \u2013 Oracle or Redis or How to justify the choice of platform\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/760bfe92d02865ec27ab6ac28d64e855.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAs you understand, by adjusting weights and tweaking grades, it's possible to achieve any desired result, but that's a completely different story...<br \/>\n<br \/>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/510176\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2013\u00a0\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0436 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e,\u00a0\u2014 \u043d\u0438 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c, \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430.\u00a0\u2013 \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0436 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e! \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u2013 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u00a0\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0443 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435! \u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f! \u042e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0432, \u00ab\u041c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u00bb \u0423\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u2013 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":87815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u2013 \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0436 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e, \u2014 \u043d\u0438 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c, \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0430. \u2013 \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0436 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e! 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