{"id":90699,"date":"2020-08-05T01:42:12","date_gmt":"2020-08-04T23:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/canary-deployment-v-kubernetes-3-istio"},"modified":"2020-08-05T01:42:12","modified_gmt":"2020-08-04T23:42:12","slug":"canary-deployment-v-kubernetes-3-istio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/canary-deployment-v-kubernetes-3-istio","title":{"rendered":"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 id=\"ispolzovanie-istiokiali-dlya-zapuska-i-vizualizacii-canary-deploya\">Using Istio+Kiali for Running and Visualizing Canary Deployments<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/2eeaaaeaa565700d7a8f6f72c5638d4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"stati-etogo-cikla\">Articles in this series<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/company\/nixys\/blog\/512766\/\">Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #1: Gitlab CI<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/company\/nixys\/blog\/513118\/\">Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #2: Argo Rollouts<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>(this article)<\/li>\n<li>Canary Deployment Using Jenkins-X Istio Flagger<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"canary-deployment\">Canary Deployment<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We hope you have read <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/company\/nixys\/blog\/512766\/\">the first part<\/a><\/noindex>, where we briefly explained what Canary deployments are and showed how to implement them using standard Kubernetes resources.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"istio\">Istio<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>And we assume that as you read this article, you already know what Istio is. If not, you can read about it <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/itnext.io\/kubernetes-istio-simply-visually-explained-58a7d158b83f?source=friends_link&amp;sk=378ed718d2d6cfd09e6d23c7616cba81\">here<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"prilozhenie-dlya-testov\">Test Application<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/4c1e7d1644411cecaf52433b98219bb4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Each pod contains two containers: our application and istio-proxy.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We will use a simple test application with frontend-nginx and backend pods on Python. The nginx pod will simply redirect each request to the backend pod and act as a proxy. Details can be seen in the following yaml files:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/wuestkamp\/k8s-deployment-example-istio-canary-infrastructure\/blob\/master\/i\/k8s\/frontend.yaml\">frontend.yaml<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/wuestkamp\/k8s-deployment-example-istio-canary-infrastructure\/blob\/master\/i\/k8s\/backend.yaml\">backend.yaml<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/wuestkamp\/k8s-deployment-example-istio-canary-infrastructure\/blob\/master\/i\/k8s\/istio.yaml\">istio.yaml<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"zapusk-testovogo-prilozheniya-samostoyatelno\">Running the Test Application Independently<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>If you want to follow my example and use this test application on your own, see <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/wuestkamp\/k8s-deployment-example-istio-canary-infrastructure\/blob\/master\/README.md\">the project's readme<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"nachalnyy-deployment\">Initial Deployment<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>When launching the first Deployment, we see that our application pods have only 2 containers each, meaning the Istio sidecar is just being injected:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/5e1340c271845973cf932cc291d98972.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>And we also see the Istio Gateway Loadbalancer in the namespace <code>istio-system<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/24549496f038bd61d1288b122c66e6ea.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"sozdanie-trafika\">Creating Traffic<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We will use the following IP to generate traffic that will be accepted by the frontend pods and redirected to the backend pods:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>while true; do curl -s --resolve 'frontend.istio-test:80:35.242.202.152' frontend.istio-test; sleep 0.1; done<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We will also add <code>frontend.istio-test<\/code> to our hosts file.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"prosmotr-mesh-cherez-kiali\">Viewing Mesh Through Kiali<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We have installed the test application and Istio along with Tracing, Grafana, Prometheus, and Kiali (see more in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/wuestkamp\/k8s-deployment-example-istio-canary-infrastructure\/blob\/master\/README.md\">the project's readme<\/a><\/noindex>). Therefore, we can access Kiali via:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>istioctl dashboard kiali # admin:admin<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/3e925a977aedcde3912d46dcc1f47713.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kiali Visualizes Current Traffic Through the Mesh<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As we can see, 100% of the traffic goes to the frontend service, then to the frontend pod with label v1, since we are using a simple nginx proxy that redirects requests to the backend service, which in turn redirects them to the backend pods with label v1.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kiali works great with Istio and provides a ready-made solution for visualizing the Mesh. Simply excellent.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"canary-deployment-1\">Canary Deployment<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Our backend already has two k8s deployments, one for v1 and one for v2. Now we just need to instruct Istio to redirect a specific percentage of requests to v2. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"shag-1-10\">Step 1: 10%<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>And all we need to do is adjust the weight of the VirtualService in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/wuestkamp\/k8s-deployment-example-istio-canary-infrastructure\/blob\/master\/i\/k8s\/istio.yaml\">istio.yaml<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">apiVersion: networking.istio.io\/v1alpha3\nkind: VirtualService\nmetadata:\n  name: backend\n  namespace: default\nspec:\n  gateways: []\n  hosts:\n  - \"backend.default.svc.cluster.local\"\n  http:\n  - match:\n    - {}\n    route:\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v1\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 90\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v2\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 10<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/5cf97856676873f5f3cba08b15964c18.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>We see that 10% of the requests are routed to v2.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"shag-2-50\">Step 2: 50%<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now it's sufficient to increase it to 50:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">apiVersion: networking.istio.io\/v1alpha3\nkind: VirtualService\nmetadata:\n  name: backend\n  namespace: default\nspec:\n...\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v1\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 50\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v2\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 50<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/c6b425b935e756a8b7ed72051db78763.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"shag-3-100\">Step 3: 100%<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now the Canary deployment can be considered complete and all traffic is routed to v2:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bb028dc47f0799dc9371ce89ae64f805.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"testirovanie-canary-vruchnuyu\">Testing Canary manually<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Suppose we are currently sending 10% of all requests to v2 on the backend. What if we want to manually test v2 to ensure everything is functioning as expected?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We can add a specific matching rule based on HTTP headers:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">apiVersion: networking.istio.io\/v1alpha3\nkind: VirtualService\nmetadata:\n  name: backend\n  namespace: default\nspec:\n  gateways: []\n  hosts:\n  - \"backend.default.svc.cluster.local\"\n  http:\n  - match:\n    - headers:\n        canary:\n          exact: \"canary-tester\"\n    route:\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v2\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 100\n  - match:\n    - {}\n    route:\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v1\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 90\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v2\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 10<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now using curl we can force a request to v2 by sending the header:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/eaf26cae21c403944110b5d7705e1ebc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Requests without the header will still be governed by the 1\/10 ratio:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/8cb0cf5832dd935ba5c4649856ac9005.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"canary-dlya-dvuh-zavisimyh-versiy\">Canary for two dependent versions<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now let's consider a case where we have version v2 for both frontend and backend. For both, we specified that 10% of the traffic should go to v2:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/4b5de3f82cb960102164034b7b6b100a.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>We see that both frontend v1 and v2 are routing traffic in a 1\/10 ratio to both backend v1 and v2.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>What if we needed to route traffic from frontend-v2 only to backend-v2, because it is not compatible with v1? For this, we will set a 1\/10 ratio for the frontend, which controls which traffic gets to backend-v2 using matching by <code>sourceLabels<\/code> :<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">apiVersion: networking.istio.io\/v1alpha3\nkind: VirtualService\nmetadata:\n  name: backend\n  namespace: default\nspec:\n  gateways: []\n  hosts:\n  - \"backend.default.svc.cluster.local\"\n  http:\n...\n  - match:\n    - sourceLabels:\n        app: frontend\n        version: v2\n    route:\n    - destination:\n        host: backend.default.svc.cluster.local\n        subset: v2\n        port:\n          number: 80\n      weight: 100<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As a result, we get what we need:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Canary Deployment in Kubernetes #3: Istio\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/43739627279a9af11885e602a3e96390.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"otlichiya-ot-ruchnogo-canary-podhoda\">Differences from the manual Canary approach<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In <em>the first part<\/em> we performed a manual Canary deployment, also using two k8s deployments. There, we managed the traffic ratio by adjusting the number of replicas. This approach works, but has significant drawbacks.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Istio allows you to define the traffic ratio regardless of the number of replicas. This means, for example, that we can use HPAs (Horizontal Pod Autoscalers) and it doesn't need to be configured based on the current state of the Canary deployment.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"itog\">Summary<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Istio works great and using it together with Kiali gives us a very powerful combination. Next on my list of interests is the combination of Spinnaker with Istio for automation and Canary analytics.<\/p>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/513578\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Istio+Kiali \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Canary \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 Canary Deployment \u0432 Kubernetes #1: Gitlab CI Canary Deployment \u0432 Kubernetes #2: Argo Rollouts (\u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f) Canary Deployment \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f Jenkins-X Istio Flagger Canary 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