{"id":95405,"date":"2020-09-28T19:43:20","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T17:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/elbrus-vs-intel-sravnivaem-proizvoditelnost-sistem-hraneniya-aerodisk-vostok-i-engine"},"modified":"2020-09-28T19:43:20","modified_gmt":"2020-09-28T17:43:20","slug":"elbrus-vs-intel-sravnivaem-proizvoditelnost-sistem-hraneniya-aerodisk-vostok-i-engine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/elbrus-vs-intel-sravnivaem-proizvoditelnost-sistem-hraneniya-aerodisk-vostok-i-engine","title":{"rendered":"Elbrus vs. Intel. Comparing the performance of Aerodisk Vostok and Engine storage systems","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Elbrus vs. Intel. Comparing the performance of Aerodisk Vostok and Engine storage systems\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/f83947517e7ab2cbd2fe5547f522f979.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hello everyone. We continue to introduce you to the Aerodisk VOSTOK data storage system, built on the Russian Elbrus 8C processor. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In this article, we will closely examine one of the most popular and interesting topics related to Elbrus, namely performance. There are many speculations regarding Elbrus's performance, some of which are quite polarizing. Pessimists claim that Elbrus's performance is currently 'nonexistent', and that it would take decades to catch up with 'top' manufacturers (i.e., given the current reality \u2014 never). On the other hand, optimists believe that even now, Elbrus 8C shows good results, and in the next couple of years, with the release of new processor versions (Elbrus 16C and 32C), we will be able to 'catch up and overtake' leading global processor manufacturers. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>At Aerodisk, we are practical people, so we took the simplest and most understandable approach (for us): to test, document the results, and only then draw conclusions. As a result, we conducted a considerable number of tests and discovered a number of features of the operation of the Elbrus 8C architecture e2k (including some pleasant ones), and, of course, compared this to similar storage systems based on Intel Xeon amd64 architecture.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>By the way, we will discuss the tests, results, and future development of storage systems on Elbrus processors in our upcoming webinar \"Around IT\" on 15.10.2020 at 15:00. You can register using the link below.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/aerodisk.promo\/webinarmcst\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=webinarmcst&amp;utm_content=article\">Webinar Registration<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"testovyy-stend\">Test Stand<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We created two stands. Both stands consist of a server running Linux, connected via 16G FC switches to two storage controllers, which have 12 SAS SSDs of 960 GB (11.5 TB 'raw capacity' or 5.7 TB 'usable' capacity when using RAID-10). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Schematic representation of the stand looks as follows.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Elbrus vs. Intel. Comparing the performance of Aerodisk Vostok and Engine storage systems\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/d31d0b7311505154015ff28db55e96ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"stend-1-e2k-elbrus\">Stand No. 1 e2k (Elbrus)<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The hardware configuration is as follows:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux server (2xIntel Xeon E5-2603 v4 (6 cores, 1.70GHz), 64 GB DDR4, 2x16G FC-adapter with 2 ports) \u2013 1 pc.<\/li>\n<li>16G FC switch \u2013 2 pcs.<\/li>\n<li>Aerodisk Vostok 2-E12 storage system (2xElbrus 8C (8 cores, 1.20GHz), 32 GB DDR3, 2xFE FC-adaptor 16G with 2 ports, 12xSAS SSD 960 GB) \u2014 1 pc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"stend-2-amd64-intel\">Stand No. 2 amd64 (Intel)<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For comparison with a similar configuration on e2k, a similar storage system with similar processor characteristics on amd64 was used: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux server (2xIntel Xeon E5-2603 v4 (6 cores, 1.70GHz), 64 GB DDR4, 2x16G FC-adapter with 2 ports) \u2013 1 pc.<\/li>\n<li>16G FC switch \u2013 2 pcs.<\/li>\n<li>Aerodisk Engine N2 (2xIntel Xeon E5-2603 v4 (6 cores, 1.70GHz), 32 GB DDR4, 2xFE FC-adaptor 16G with 2 ports, 12xSAS SSD 960 GB) \u2014 1 pc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Important note: The Elbrus 8C processors used in the test only support DDR3 RAM, which is certainly \"bad, but not for long.\" The Elbrus 8CV (which we don\u2019t have in stock yet, but will soon) supports DDR4. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"metodika-testirovaniya\">Testing methodology<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>To generate the load, we used the popular and time-tested program Flexible IO (FIO).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Both storage systems are configured according to our own setup recommendations, based on high performance requirements for block access, so we use dynamic disk pools (DDP). To avoid distorting test results, we disable compression, deduplication, and RAM cache on both storage systems. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Eight D-LUNs in RAID-10 of 500 GB each have been created, totaling a usable capacity of 4 TB (i.e., about 70% of the possible usable capacity of this configuration). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The main and popular usage scenarios for storage systems will be executed, specifically:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>the first two tests emulate transaction database operations. In this group of tests, we are particularly interested in IOPS and latency.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>1) Random read with small blocks of 4k<br \/>\na. Block size = 4k<br \/>\nb. Read\/Write = 100%\/0%<br \/>\nc. Number of jobs = 8<br \/>\nd. Queue depth = 32<br \/>\ne. Load characteristic = Full Random<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>2) Random write with small blocks of 4k<br \/>\na. Block size = 4k<br \/>\nb. Read\/Write = 0%\/100%<br \/>\nc. Number of jobs = 8<br \/>\nd. Queue depth = 32<br \/>\ne. Load characteristic = Full Random<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The second two tests emulate the analytical part of the database. In this group of tests, we are also interested in IOPS and latency.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>3) Sequential read with small blocks of 4k<br \/>\na. Block size = 4k<br \/>\nb. Read\/Write = 100%\/0%<br \/>\nc. Number of jobs = 8<br \/>\nd. Queue depth = 32<br \/>\ne. Load characteristic = Sequential<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>4) Sequential write with small blocks of 4k<br \/>\na. Block size = 4k<br \/>\nb. Read\/Write = 0%\/100%<br \/>\nc. Number of jobs = 8<br \/>\nd. Queue depth = 32<br \/>\ne. Load characteristic = Sequential<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The third group of tests emulates stream reading (example \u2013 online streaming, backup restoration) and stream writing (example \u2013 video surveillance, backup recording). In this group of tests, we are now interested not in IOPS, but in MB\/s and also latency.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>5) Sequential read with large blocks of 128k<br \/>\na. Block size = 128k<br \/>\nb. Read\/Write = 0%\/100%<br \/>\nc. Number of jobs = 8<br \/>\nd. Queue depth = 32<br \/>\ne. Load characteristic = Sequential<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>6) Sequential write with large blocks of 128k<br \/>\na. Block size = 128k<br \/>\nb. Read\/Write = 0%\/100%<br \/>\nc. Number of jobs = 8<br \/>\nd. Queue depth = 32<br \/>\ne. Load characteristic = Sequential<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Each test will last one hour, not including the 7-minute array warm-up time.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"rezultaty-testov\">Test results<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The test results are summarized in two tables.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Elbrus 8C (Aerodisk Storage East 2-E12)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Elbrus vs. Intel. Comparing the performance of Aerodisk Vostok and Engine storage systems\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/d0a0e82e3829ffc778373a76fad1a16e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Intel Xeon E5-2603 v4 (Aerodisk Engine N2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Elbrus vs. Intel. Comparing the performance of Aerodisk Vostok and Engine storage systems\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/321a52cf06452b73fb9c280df667ba63.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The results turned out to be extremely interesting. In both cases, we effectively utilized the processing power of the storage systems (70-90% utilization), and in this scenario, the advantages and disadvantages of both processors clearly stand out.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Both tables highlight in green the tests where the processors 'perform confidently' and show good results, while those highlighted in orange indicate situations that the processors 'dislike.'<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Speaking of random workloads with small blocks:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In terms of random reading, Intel is definitely ahead of Elbrus, with a difference of 2 times;<\/li>\n<li>In terms of random writing, it's clearly a tie, both processors showed roughly equal and respectable results. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>With a sequential workload using small blocks, the picture is different:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Both in reading and writing, Intel significantly (2 times) outperforms Elbrus. While Elbrus has an IOPS below Intel's, it still looks respectable (200-300 thousand), the latency is a clear issue (three times higher than Intel's). Conclusion: the current version of Elbrus 8C definitely 'dislikes' sequential workloads with small blocks. There is clearly room for improvement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>However, with a sequential workload using large blocks, the situation is completely opposite:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Both processors showed roughly equal results in MB\/s, but there is one BUT... Elbrus's latency is 10 (that's ten, Karl!!!) times better (i.e., lower) than the comparable Intel processor (0.4\/0.5 ms versus 5.1\/6.5 ms). Initially, we thought this was a glitch, so we double-checked the results, conducted a retest, but the retest yielded the same results. This is a significant advantage of Elbrus (and the e2k architecture as a whole) over Intel (and consequently, the amd64 architecture). Hopefully, this success will continue to evolve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>There is one more interesting feature of Elbrus that a careful reader may notice by looking at the table. If we look at the difference between reading and writing metrics for Intel, in all tests, reading exceeds writing by an average of about 50%+. This is the norm that everyone (including us) is used to. However, looking at Elbrus, the writing metrics are significantly closer to the reading metrics, with reading usually exceeding writing by 10 \u2013 30%, no more. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>What does this mean? It indicates that Elbrus \"really loves\" writing, which suggests that this processor will be very beneficial for tasks where writing clearly outweighs reading (who mentioned the Yarovoy law?), which is also an undeniable advantage of the e2k architecture, and this advantage needs to be further developed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vyvody-i-blizhayshee-buduschee\">Conclusions and near future<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Comparative tests of mid-range processors Elbrus and Intel for data storage tasks yielded approximately equal and similarly commendable results, with each processor demonstrating its interesting features. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Intel significantly outperformed Elbrus in random reading of small blocks, as well as in sequential reading and writing of small blocks. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In random writing of small blocks, both processors show equal results.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In terms of latency, Elbrus appears significantly better than Intel under streaming loads, i.e., in sequential reading and writing of large blocks.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Additionally, unlike Intel, Elbrus performs equally well under both reading and writing loads, whereas Intel always excels significantly in reading compared to writing.<br \/>\nBased on the results obtained, we can conclude the applicability of the Aerodisk Vostok data storage systems on the Elbrus 8C processor in the following tasks:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>information systems with a predominance of writing operations;<\/li>\n<li>file access;<\/li>\n<li>live streaming;<\/li>\n<li>video surveillance;<\/li>\n<li>backup;<\/li>\n<li>media content.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The team at MCST still has work to do, but the results of their efforts are already visible now, which is certainly encouraging. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>These tests were conducted on the Linux kernel for e2k version 4.19. Currently, the Linux kernel 5.4-e2k is in beta testing (at MCST, in Basalt SPU, and also with us at A\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a). This kernel includes significant revisions to the scheduler and numerous optimizations for high-speed solid-state drives. Additionally, specially for the kernels of the 5.x.x branch, JSC 'MCST' is releasing a new LCC compiler version 1.25. According to preliminary results, on the same Elbrus 8C processor, the new kernel compiled with the new compiler, the kernel environment, system utilities, libraries, and the Aerodisk VOSTOK software will enable a significantly greater performance boost. And this is without replacing the hardware\u2014on the same processor and at the same frequencies. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We anticipate the release of the Aerodisk VOSTOK version based on kernel 5.4 closer to the end of the year, and as soon as the work on the new version is completed, we will update the test results and publish them here. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now, if we return to the beginning of the article and answer the question of who is right: the pessimists, who say that Elbrus is 'nothing' and will never catch up with leading processor manufacturers, or the optimists, who claim that 'we have almost caught up and will soon overtake'? If we base our views not on stereotypes and religious prejudices but on real tests, then the optimists are definitely right. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Elbrus is already showing good results when compared to mid-range amd64 processors. It certainly has a long way to go to reach the top tier in Intel or AMD's server processor line, but it isn't aiming for that; processors 16C and 32C will be released for that. Then we can talk. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>We understand that after this article, there will be even more questions about Elbrus, so we decided to organize another online webinar 'Around IT' to answer these questions live. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>This time, we will be joined by Konstantin Trushkin, Deputy General Director of MCST. You can register for the webinar through the link below.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/aerodisk.promo\/webinarmcst\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=webinarmcst&amp;utm_content=article\">Webinar Registration<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Thank you all, as usual, we look forward to constructive criticism and interesting questions.<\/p>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/aerodisk\/blog\/520888\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u041c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0410\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0412\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u041a, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0441 8C. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438) \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041f\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":95406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - 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