{"id":95964,"date":"2020-10-06T01:42:49","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T23:42:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/2-usergate-getting-started-trebovaniya-ustanovka"},"modified":"2020-10-06T01:42:49","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T23:42:49","slug":"2-usergate-getting-started-trebovaniya-ustanovka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/2-usergate-getting-started-trebovaniya-ustanovka","title":{"rendered":"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/0dec3bafb496cf5c88562b7d59252a30.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hello, this is the second article about the NGFW solution from the company&nbsp;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/tssolution.ru\/katalog\/usergate?utm_source=habr\">UserGate<\/a><\/noindex>The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to install the UserGate firewall on a virtual system (I will use VMware Workstation virtualization software) and perform its initial configuration (allow access from the local network through the UserGate gateway to the internet).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>1. Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>First, I will describe the various ways to integrate this gateway into the network. I want to note that depending on the chosen connection option, certain functionalities of the gateway may be unavailable. The UserGate solution supports the following connection modes:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>L3-L7 firewall<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>L2 transparent bridge<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>L3 transparent bridge<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Virtual out of band, using the WCCP protocol<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Virtual out of band, using Policy Based Routing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Router on a Stick<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p> Explicitly defined WEB proxy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>UserGate as the default gateway<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Mirror port monitoring<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>UserGate supports 2 types of clusters:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Configuration cluster. Nodes joined in a configuration cluster support unified settings within the cluster.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>High availability cluster. Up to 4 nodes of the configuration cluster can be combined into a high availability cluster, supporting Active-Active or Active-Passive modes. Several high availability clusters may be assembled.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>2. Installation<\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned in the previous article, UserGate is supplied as a hardware-software complex or can be deployed in a virtual environment. From the personal cabinet on the site <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usergate.com\/\">UserGate <\/a><\/noindex>we download the image in OVF (Open Virtualization Format), this format is suitable for VMware and Oracle Virtualbox vendors. For Microsoft Hyper-V and KVM, disk images for virtual machines are provided.<\/p>\n<p>According to the UserGate website, to ensure the virtual machine operates correctly, it is recommended to use a minimum of 8GB of RAM and a dual-core virtual processor. The hypervisor must support the operation of 64-bit operating systems.<\/p>\n<p>Installation begins with importing the image into the chosen hypervisor (VirtualBox and VMware). In the case of Microsoft Hyper-V and KVM, it is necessary to create a virtual machine and specify the downloaded image as the disk, after which integration services in the settings of the created virtual machine should be disabled.<\/p>\n<p>By default, after importing into VMware, a virtual machine is created with the following settings:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/98764da6ccaed86f86c9924fdfe67516.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>As mentioned above, the RAM should be at least 8GB, and you need to add an additional 1GB for every 100 users. The default hard disk size is 100GB, but this is usually insufficient for storing all logs and settings. The recommended size is 300GB or more. Therefore, in the properties of the virtual machine, we modify the disk size as needed. Initially, the virtual UserGate UTM is supplied with four interfaces assigned to zones:<\/p>\n<p>Management \u2014 the first interface of the virtual machine, a zone for connecting trusted networks from which UserGate management is permitted.<\/p>\n<p>Trusted \u2014 the second interface of the virtual machine, a zone for connecting trusted networks, such as LAN networks.<\/p>\n<p>Untrusted \u2014 the third interface of the virtual machine, a zone for interfaces connected to untrusted networks, such as the internet.<\/p>\n<p>DMZ \u2014 the fourth interface of the virtual machine, a zone for interfaces connected to the DMZ network.<\/p>\n<p>Next, we launch the virtual machines. Although the manual states that you should select Support Tools and perform a Factory reset of the UTM, we only see one option (UTM First Boot). During this step, the UTM configures the network adapters and increases the size of the disk partition to the full size of the disk:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f702cb25e9b6fb0da4a8e27ade1b2c01.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To connect to the UserGate web interface, you need to access it through the Management zone, handled by the eth0 interface, which is configured to obtain an IP address automatically (DHCP). If there is no possibility to assign an address for the Management interface automatically via DHCP, it can be explicitly set using the CLI (Command Line Interface). For this, you need to enter the CLI using the username and password of a user with Full administrator rights (by default, Admin with a capital A). If the UserGate device has not completed initial initialization, you should use Admin as the username and utm as the password for CLI access. Then, enter a command similar to iface config \u2013name eth0 \u2013ipv4 192.168.1.254\/24 \u2013enable true \u2013mode static. Later, we proceed to the UserGate web console at the specified address, which should look something like this:<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/usergate_ip_address:8001\/\"> <\/a><\/noindex><u>https:\/\/UserGateIPaddress:8001<\/u>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/398f741bb9e16c33465c10d072ab31c0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/0751e1047997f5afde57044beea10f74.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the web console, we continue the installation; we need to select the interface language (currently, it can be either Russian or English), set the time zone, and then read and agree to the license agreement. We set the username and password for accessing the web management interface. <\/p>\n<h2>3. Configuration<\/h2>\n<p>After installation, the web management interface window looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/16a0d900c66eb23e07a9b5d56915ace8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Then, it is necessary to configure the network interfaces. To do this, in the 'Interfaces' section, you need to enable them, set the correct IP addresses, and assign the appropriate zones.<\/p>\n<p>The 'Interfaces' section displays all physical and virtual interfaces available in the system, allows you to change their settings and add VLAN interfaces. It also shows all interfaces of each cluster node. Interface settings are specific to each node and are not global.<\/p>\n<p>In the interface properties:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Enable or disable the interface&nbsp; <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Specify the type of interface \u2014 Layer 3 or Mirror<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Assign a zone to the interface<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Assign a Netflow profile for sending statistical data to the Netflow collector<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Change the physical parameters of the interface \u2014 MAC address and MTU size <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Choose the IP address assignment type \u2014 without an address, static IP address, or obtained via DHCP <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Configure the DHCP relay operation on the selected interface.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The 'Add' button allows adding the following types of logical interfaces:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>VLAN<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Bond<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Bridge<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>PPPoE<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>VPN<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Tunnel<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/7f389a91d4d8c584140a1d7b1dbe3a11.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In addition to the previously mentioned zones provided with the Usergate image, there are three more predefined types:<\/p>\n<p>Cluster \u2014 a zone for interfaces used for cluster operations<\/p>\n<p>VPN for Site-to-Site \u2014 a zone where all Office-to-Office clients connecting to UserGate via VPN are placed<\/p>\n<p>VPN for remote access \u2014 a zone where all mobile users connecting to UserGate via VPN are placed<\/p>\n<p>UserGate administrators can change the settings of the default zones as well as create additional zones, but as stated in the version 5 guide, no more than 15 zones can be created. To modify or create them, you need to go to the zones section. For each zone, you can set a packet drop threshold, supporting SYN, UDP, ICMP. Access control to Usergate services can also be configured, and anti-spoofing protection is enabled.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/86a0d5f6898c5e1a4f10d2827b4c855d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>After setting up the interfaces, you need to configure the default route in the \"Gateways\" section. That is, to connect UserGate to the internet, you must specify the IP address of one or more gateways. If multiple providers are used for internet connectivity, several gateways must be specified. The gateway configuration is unique for each node in the cluster. If two or more gateways are set, there are two working options:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Traffic balancing between gateways.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Primary gateway with failover to backup.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The gateway status (available \u2013 green, unavailable \u2013 red) is determined as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Network checking is disabled \u2013 the gateway is considered available if UserGate can obtain its MAC address via an ARP request. Internet access through this gateway is not verified. If the gateway's MAC address cannot be determined, the gateway is considered unavailable.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Network checking is enabled \u2014 the gateway is considered available if:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>UserGate can obtain its MAC address via an ARP request.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The verification of Internet access through this gateway was successful.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Otherwise, the gateway is considered unavailable.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f3bbb603ab50d1d665df761fa55efac9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the \"DNS\" section, you need to add the DNS servers that UserGate will use. This configuration is specified in the System DNS Servers area. Below are the settings for managing DNS requests from users. UserGate allows the use of DNS proxy. The DNS proxy service allows intercepting DNS requests from users and modifying them according to the administrator's needs. Using DNS proxy rules, you can specify the DNS servers to which requests for certain domains are forwarded. Additionally, DNS proxy can be used to set static records such as host (A record).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f98bb05fd143b873fdd5fee8cd38a6d0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the \"NAT and Routing\" section, you need to create the necessary NAT rules. For internet access, the NAT rule for users in the Trusted network has already been created \u2014 \"Trusted -&gt; Untrusted\"; it just needs to be enabled. The rules are applied from top to bottom in the order they are specified in the console. Only the first rule that matches the specified conditions is executed. For a rule to activate, all conditions specified in the rule's parameters must match. UserGate recommends creating general NAT rules, for example, a NAT rule from the local network (usually the Trusted zone) to the internet (usually the Untrusted zone), while access differentiation by users, services, applications is carried out using firewall rules.<\/p>\n<p>It is also possible to create DNAT rules, port forwarding, Policy-based routing, and Network mapping.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efa1a3f8e1b004a3f90c05b957b193f6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>After this, in the &#171;Firewall&#187; section, it is necessary to create firewall rules. For unrestricted internet access for users in the Trusted network, the firewall rule \"Internet for Trusted\" has already been created and needs to be enabled. With firewall rules, the administrator can allow or block any type of transit network traffic passing through UserGate. Conditions for the rules can include zones and source\/destination IP addresses, users and groups, services, and applications. The rules are applied in the same manner as in the &#171;NAT and Routing&#187; section, i.e., top to bottom. If no rules have been created, then any transit traffic through UserGate is blocked.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. UserGate Getting Started. Requirements, installation\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/098871017279694492f381069f172483.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>4. Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>This concludes the article. We have installed the UserGate firewall on a virtual machine and made the minimal necessary settings for internet to function in the Trusted network. Further configuration will be discussed in the upcoming articles.<\/p>\n<p>Stay updated through our channels (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/tssolution\">Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>,&nbsp;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tssolution2020\/\">Facebook<\/a><\/noindex>,&nbsp;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/ts_solution\">VK<\/a><\/noindex>,&nbsp;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tssolution.ru\/blog\">TS Solution Blog<\/a><\/noindex>)!<\/p>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tssolution\/blog\/521322\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e NGFW \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438&nbsp;UserGate. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d&nbsp;UserGate&nbsp;\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 (\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438&nbsp;VMware&nbsp;Workstation) \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437&nbsp;UserGate&nbsp;\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":95965,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/2-usergate-getting-started-trebovaniya-ustanovka\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd472. 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