{"id":97056,"date":"2020-10-15T20:42:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T18:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/otpechatok-brauzera-chto-eto-kak-rabotaet-narushaet-li-zakon-i-kak-zashhititsya-chast-1"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:42:33","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T09:42:33","slug":"otpechatok-brauzera-chto-eto-kak-rabotaet-narushaet-li-zakon-i-kak-zashhititsya-chast-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/otpechatok-brauzera-chto-eto-kak-rabotaet-narushaet-li-zakon-i-kak-zashhititsya-chast-1","title":{"rendered":"Browser Fingerprinting: What It Is, How It Works, Whether It's Legal, and How to Protect Yourself. Part 1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Browser Fingerprinting: What It Is, How It Works, Whether It&#039;s Legal, and How to Protect Yourself. Part 1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cf5add4a5c4a0f76a7dcdc3983716902.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\"><br \/>\n<i>From Selectel: this article is the first in a series of translations of a very detailed article about browser fingerprints and how the technology works. It gathers everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask about this topic.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>What are browser fingerprints?<\/h3>\n<p>This is a method used by websites and services to track visitors. Users are assigned a unique identifier (fingerprint). It contains a lot of information about users' browser settings and capabilities, which is used for their identification. Additionally, a browser fingerprint allows websites to track behavioral patterns to more accurately identify users later.<\/p>\n<p>The uniqueness is roughly the same as that of real fingerprints. However, the latter are collected by police to search for suspects in crimes. The technology of browser fingerprinting is not used to track criminals. After all, we are not criminals here, right?<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>What data does a browser fingerprint collect?<\/h3>\n<p>We have known since the dawn of the internet that a person can be tracked by their IP address. But in this case, it's much more complicated. A browser fingerprint includes the IP address, but that is far from being the most important information. In fact, to identify you, an IP is not needed.<\/p>\n<p>According to a study <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/panopticlick.eff.org\/static\/browser-uniqueness.pdf\">EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation)<\/a><\/noindex>, a browser fingerprint consists of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>User-agent (including not only the browser but also the OS version, device type, language settings, toolbars, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>Time zone.<\/li>\n<li>Screen resolution and color depth.<\/li>\n<li>Supercookies.<\/li>\n<li>Cookie settings.<\/li>\n<li>System fonts.<\/li>\n<li>Browser plugins and their versions.<\/li>\n<li>Browsing history.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>According to EFF's research results, the uniqueness of a browser fingerprint is very high. Statistically, a complete match of the browser fingerprints of two different users occurs only once in 286,777 cases.<\/p>\n<p>According to another study <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/yinzhicao.org\/TrackingFree\/crossbrowsertracking_NDSS17.pdf\">, the accuracy of identifying a user using a browser fingerprint is 99.24%. Changing one of the browser parameters only reduces the accuracy of user identification by 0.3%. There are tests for browser fingerprints that show how much information is being collected.<\/a><\/noindex>How does browser fingerprinting work?<\/p>\n<h3>How browser fingerprinting works<\/h3>\n<p>Why is it even possible to collect information about the browser? It's simple \u2014 your browser exchanges data with the web server when you request a website address. In a typical situation, websites and services assign a unique identifier to the user.<\/p>\n<p>For example, <i>\u00abgh5d443ghjflr123ff556ggf\u00bb<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>This string of random letters and numbers helps the server recognize you, associating your browser and preferences with you. The actions you take online will be assigned approximately the same code.<\/p>\n<p>So, if you log into Twitter, where there is some information about you, all this data will be automatically linked to the same identifier.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, this code won't stay with you for the rest of your life. If you start surfing from another device or browser, the identifier will most likely change as well.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Browser Fingerprinting: What It Is, How It Works, Whether It&#039;s Legal, and How to Protect Yourself. Part 1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e74101eccd152cf8d6d2f7a7172c89ab.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\"><\/p>\n<h3>How do websites collect user data?<\/h3>\n<p>This is a two-tier process that works on both the server and client sides.<\/p>\n<p><b>On the server side<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i><b>Website access logs<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p>In this case, it refers to the collection of data sent by the browser. At a minimum, this includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The requested protocol.<\/li>\n<li>The requested URL.<\/li>\n<li>Your IP.<\/li>\n<li>Referer.<\/li>\n<li>User-agent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><b>Headers<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Web servers receive them from your browser. Headers are important because they ensure that the requested site works with your browser.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the information in the header allows the site to know whether you are using a PC or a mobile device. In the latter case, a redirect will occur to the mobile-optimized version. Unfortunately, this same data will also be part of your fingerprint.<\/p>\n<p><i><b>Cookies<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p>This is straightforward. Web servers always exchange cookies with browsers. If you configure the settings to allow cookies, they are saved on your device and sent to the server whenever you visit a website you have been to before.<\/p>\n<p>Cookies help make surfing more comfortable but also reveal more information about you.<\/p>\n<p><i><b>Canvas Fingerprinting<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p>This method uses the HTML5 canvas element, which WebGL also employs for rendering 2D and 3D graphics in the browser.<\/p>\n<p>This method typically 'forces' the browser to process graphic content, including images, text, or both at once. For you, this process is invisible, as everything happens in the background.<\/p>\n<p>Once the process is complete, canvas fingerprinting converts graphics into a hash, which becomes the unique identifier we mentioned earlier.<\/p>\n<p>This method allows for the collection of the following information about your device:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Graphics adapter.<\/li>\n<li>Graphics adapter driver.<\/li>\n<li>Processor (if there is no dedicated graphics chip).<\/li>\n<li>Installed fonts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Client-side logging<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This implies that your browser exchanges a large amount of information due to:<\/p>\n<p><i><b>Adobe Flash and JavaScript<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p>According to the FAQ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/amiunique.org\/faq\">AmIUnique<\/a><\/noindex>, if you have JavaScript enabled, information about your plugins or hardware specifications is transmitted externally.<\/p>\n<p>If Flash is installed and activated, it provides the third-party observer with even more information, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Your time zone.<\/li>\n<li>OS version.<\/li>\n<li>Screen resolution.<\/li>\n<li>A complete list of installed system fonts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><b>Cookies<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p>They play a very important role in logging. Thus, you usually need to decide whether to allow the browser to handle cookies or to remove them entirely.<\/p>\n<p>In the first case, the web server receives a tremendous amount of information about your device and preferences. If you do not approve cookie usage, websites will still receive some data about your browser.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the purpose of browser fingerprinting technology?<\/h3>\n<p>Primarily to ensure that the user of the device receives a site optimized for their device, regardless of whether they accessed the internet from a tablet or smartphone.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the technology is used for advertising. It's simply an ideal data mining tool.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, by obtaining the information gathered by the server, product or service providers can create highly targeted advertising campaigns with personalization. The accuracy of targeting is much higher than if IP addresses were used alone.<\/p>\n<p>For example, advertisers can use browser fingerprints to obtain a list of users on the site whose screen resolution can be considered low (e.g., 1300*768), who are searching for higher quality monitors in the seller's online store. Or users who are just browsing the site with no intention to buy anything.<\/p>\n<p>The obtained information can be used to target advertisements for high-resolution monitors at users with small and outdated displays.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, browser fingerprinting technology is also used for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Detecting fraud and botnets. This is a genuinely useful function for banks and financial organizations. It helps distinguish user behavior from that of malicious actors.<\/li>\n<li>Identifying VPN and proxy users. Intelligence agencies can use this method to track internet users with hidden IP addresses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Browser Fingerprinting: What It Is, How It Works, Whether It&#039;s Legal, and How to Protect Yourself. Part 1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/565c990296955341cef8e9e0ceadeb51.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\"><br \/>\nUltimately, even if browser fingerprints are used for legitimate purposes, it still negatively impacts user privacy. Especially if users are trying to protect themselves using a VPN.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, browser fingerprints can be a hacker's best friend. If they have precise information about your device, they can use specific exploits to compromise it. It's not difficult\u2014any cybercriminal can create a fake website with a fingerprinting script.<\/p>\n<p>Let us remind you, this article is just the first part; two more are coming. They will address the legality of collecting users' personal data, the possibilities of using this data, and methods to protect against overly active \"collectors.\"<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/slc.tl\/plDsr\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Browser Fingerprinting: What It Is, How It Works, Whether It&#039;s Legal, and How to Protect Yourself. Part 1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/880f51af32d0b849f0c32397e2a02e23.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/521550\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0442 Selectel: \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 (\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a). \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97057,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/otpechatok-brauzera-chto-eto-kak-rabotaet-narushaet-li-zakon-i-kak-zashhititsya-chast-1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/otpechatok-brauzera-chto-eto-kak-rabotaet-narushaet-li-zakon-i-kak-zashhititsya-chast-1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-15T18:42:26+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-01T09:42:33+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Browser Fingerprinting: What It Is, How It Works, Does It Violate The Law, and How To Protect Yourself. 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