{"id":103407,"date":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2"},"modified":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","title":{"rendered":"Lanzamiento del filtro de paquetes nftables 1.0.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Se ha publicado la versi\u00f3n del filtrador de paquetes nftables 1.0.2, que unifica las interfaces de filtrado de paquetes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP y puentes de red (destinada a reemplazar iptables, ip6table, arptables y ebtables). Los cambios necesarios para funcionar en la versi\u00f3n 1.0.2 de nftables se han incluido en el n\u00facleo de Linux 5.17-rc.      <\/p>\n<p>El paquete nftables incluye componentes del filtrador de paquetes que funcionan en el espacio de usuario, mientras que a nivel del n\u00facleo, el trabajo es realizado por el subsistema nf_tables, incluido en el n\u00facleo de Linux desde la versi\u00f3n 3.13. A nivel del n\u00facleo, solo se proporciona una interfaz general, independiente del protocolo espec\u00edfico, que ofrece funciones b\u00e1sicas para extraer datos de paquetes, realizar operaciones con datos y gestionar flujos.    <\/p>\n<p>Las reglas de filtrado y los controladores espec\u00edficos del protocolo se compilan en bytecode en el espacio de usuario, que luego se carga en el n\u00facleo a trav\u00e9s de la interfaz Netlink y se ejecuta en el n\u00facleo en un espacio especial <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"una m\u00e1quina virtual\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4319\">una m\u00e1quina virtual<\/a>, similar a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Este enfoque permite reducir significativamente el tama\u00f1o del c\u00f3digo de filtrado que opera a nivel de n\u00facleo y trasladar todas las funciones de an\u00e1lisis de reglas y la l\u00f3gica de trabajo con protocolos al espacio de usuario.    <\/p>\n<p>Novedades principales:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha a\u00f1adido un modo de optimizaci\u00f3n de reglas, que se activa mediante la nueva opci\u00f3n &#171;-o&#187; (&#171;&#8212;optimize&#187;), que se puede combinar con la opci\u00f3n &#171;&#8212;check&#187; para verificar y optimizar cambios en el archivo de reglas sin cargarlo realmente. La optimizaci\u00f3n permite combinar reglas similares, por ejemplo, las reglas:          meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept        meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept        ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.2 accept        ip saddr 2.2.2.2 ip daddr 3.3.3.3 drop\n<p>ser\u00e1n combinadas en           meta iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr { eth1 . 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.3, eth1 .   1.1.1.2 . 2.2.2.5 } accept        ip saddr . ip daddr vmap { 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.2 : accept, 2.2.2.2 . 3.3.3.3   : drop }    <\/p>\n<p>Ejemplo de uso:       # nft -c -o -f ruleset.test     Combinando:       ruleset.nft:16:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.1 counter accept       ruleset.nft:17:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.2 counter accept       ruleset.nft:18:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.3 counter accept     en:       ip daddr { 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3 } counter packets 0 bytes 0 accept      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> En las listas set, se ha implementado la capacidad de especificar opciones ip y tcp, as\u00ed como chunks de sctp:            set s5 {                 typeof ip option ra value                 elements = { 1, 1024 }          }            set s7 {                 typeof sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams                 elements = { 1, 4 }          }            chain c5 {                 ip option ra value @s5 accept          }            chain c7 {                 sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams @s7 accept          }\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha a\u00f1adido soporte para las opciones TCP fastopen, md5sig y mptcp.\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha a\u00f1adido soporte para el uso en coincidencias del subtipo mp-tcp:            tcp option mptcp subtype 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha optimizado el c\u00f3digo de filtrado que opera en el lado del n\u00facleo.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para flowtable, se ha implementado soporte completo para el formato JSON.\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha a\u00f1adido la posibilidad de utilizar la acci\u00f3n &#171;reject&#187; en las operaciones de coincidencia de tramas Ethernet.            ether saddr aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff ip daddr 192.168.0.1 reject      <\/ul>\n<p>Fuente: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56739\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.2 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.17-rc. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b 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