{"id":121189,"date":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","slug":"kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Colisiones en identificadores cortos de commits en el n\u00facleo de Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kees Cook, exadministrador del sistema principal de kernel.org y l\u00edder del equipo de seguridad de Ubuntu, demostr\u00f3 la posibilidad de crear un commit cuyo identificador breve coincide con un commit previamente a\u00f1adido al n\u00facleo de Linux. El experimento se realiz\u00f3 como prueba de la viabilidad de cambiar a identificadores de commit abreviados de 16 caracteres en el n\u00facleo de Linux, previamente discutido en la lista de correo de desarrolladores del n\u00facleo, pero no aprobado por Linus Torvalds.    <\/p>\n<p>Los identificadores de commit abreviados se forman al dejar los primeros 12 caracteres del hash SHA-1 (48 bits de 160 bits). Dado que el n\u00famero de objetos en el n\u00facleo, identificados a trav\u00e9s del hash SHA-1, ha superado los 13 millones, la ocurrencia de colisiones al utilizar un prefijo de 12 caracteres se ha vuelto cuesti\u00f3n de tiempo. Se muestran, como ejemplo, los objetos ya a\u00f1adidos al n\u00facleo que se intersectan por sus identificadores de 11 caracteres. Adem\u00e1s, se menciona que ya se hab\u00edan registrado intersecciones de identificadores de 12 caracteres en octubre, pero antes de enviar el parche se detect\u00f3 con la utilidad checkpatch.      <\/p>\n<p>Los identificadores abreviados se utilizan al publicar enlaces cortos a commits, y tambi\u00e9n se indican al enviar cambios en la etiqueta \u00abFixes\u00bb como un enlace al commit donde se resolvi\u00f3 el problema en el parche enviado (por ejemplo, \u00abFixes: e21d2170f366\u00bb). La aparici\u00f3n de colisiones, en las que varios cambios diferentes est\u00e1n relacionados con un mismo identificador abreviado, puede resultar en mal funcionamiento de herramientas de an\u00e1lisis y verificaci\u00f3n de cambios que tienen en cuenta el contenido de las etiquetas \u00abFixes\u00bb. Por ejemplo, estas etiquetas se consideran en el manejador check_fixes, utilizado en la rama linux-next, as\u00ed como en scripts de an\u00e1lisis de correcci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidades y seguimiento del ciclo de vida de parches.      <\/p>\n<p>Linus Torvalds mostr\u00f3 escepticismo ante la propuesta de aumentar el tama\u00f1o m\u00ednimo de los identificadores abreviados, ya que, de hecho, el n\u00famero de commits en el repositorio es notablemente menor que el de los objetos (aproximadamente 1\/8). Es probable que, si ocurren intersecciones aleatorias, estas sean entre un commit y un objeto de otro tipo (por ejemplo, un blob o una rama). En su opini\u00f3n, los identificadores abreviados est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados para ser visuales, legibles y f\u00e1cilmente citables, y por ahora no hay razones objetivas para aumentar su tama\u00f1o.     <\/p>\n<p>Uno de los desarrolladores propuso lograr una reducci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o al aumentar el n\u00famero de bits significativos, utilizando un nuevo formato basado en la codificaci\u00f3n Base36 (s\u00edmbolos 0-9a-z) en lugar de d\u00edgitos hexadecimales. Seg\u00fan Linus, este cambio generar\u00eda m\u00e1s problemas de los que resolver\u00eda. Por ejemplo, ser\u00eda necesario a\u00f1adir soporte para el nuevo formato en las utilidades existentes e introducir un identificador de formato para diferenciar entre el formato antiguo y el nuevo.       <\/p>\n<p>Para demostrar que el problema de los identificadores abreviados no es meramente te\u00f3rico y que su soluci\u00f3n no debe posponerse, Kees Cook elabor\u00f3 un cambio en la documentaci\u00f3n del n\u00facleo, cuyo identificador abreviado (1da177e4c3f4) coincidi\u00f3 con el identificador de commit de la creaci\u00f3n de la rama del n\u00facleo 2.6.12-rc2. El choque se logr\u00f3 encontrar tras 6 horas de c\u00e1lculos en un sistema con GPU NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080.     <\/p>\n<p>La selecci\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 utilizando la herramienta lucky-commit \u2014 se agregaron espacios aleatorios al texto del parche objetivo hasta que el prefijo SHA-1 de 12 caracteres coincidiera con los prefijos de commits ya existentes en el n\u00facleo. Seg\u00fan Case, el problema no son tanto las intersecciones aleatorias, sino la posibilidad de manipulaci\u00f3n de los identificadores abreviados con fines maliciosos, por ejemplo, para eludir ciertas comprobaciones.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fuente: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62495\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 16-\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b 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crear un commit cuyo identificador abreviado coincid\u00eda con un commit anterior.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"es_ES","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 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