{"id":150734,"date":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6"},"modified":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","title":{"rendered":"Lanzamiento del filtrador de paquetes nftables 1.1.6","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Se ha publicado el lanzamiento del filtrador de paquetes nftables 1.1.6, que unifica las interfaces de filtrado de paquetes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP y puentes de red (destinado a reemplazar iptables, ip6tables, arptables y ebtables). Al mismo tiempo, se ha publicado la versi\u00f3n correspondiente de la biblioteca libnftnl 1.3.1, que proporciona una API de bajo nivel para interactuar con el subsistema nf_tables.           <\/p>\n<p>El paquete nftables incluye componentes del filtrador de paquetes que funcionan en el espacio de usuario, mientras que a nivel del n\u00facleo, el trabajo es realizado por el subsistema nf_tables, incluido en el n\u00facleo de Linux desde la versi\u00f3n 3.13. A nivel del n\u00facleo, solo se proporciona una interfaz general, independiente del protocolo espec\u00edfico, que ofrece funciones b\u00e1sicas para extraer datos de paquetes, realizar operaciones con datos y gestionar flujos.    <\/p>\n<p>Las reglas de filtrado y los controladores espec\u00edficos del protocolo se compilan en bytecode en el espacio de usuario, que luego se carga en el n\u00facleo a trav\u00e9s de la interfaz Netlink y se ejecuta en el n\u00facleo en un espacio especial <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"una m\u00e1quina virtual\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4362\">una m\u00e1quina virtual<\/a>, similar a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Este enfoque permite reducir significativamente el tama\u00f1o del c\u00f3digo de filtrado que opera a nivel de n\u00facleo y trasladar todas las funciones de an\u00e1lisis de reglas y la l\u00f3gica de trabajo con protocolos al espacio de usuario.    <\/p>\n<p>Principales cambios:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Se proporciona soporte completo para plantillas de t\u00faneles ligeros, como vxlan, geneve y erspan:           table netdev global {                tunnel t1 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.2.10                        ip daddr 192.168.2.11                        sport 1025                        dport 20020                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                   tunnel t2 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.3.10                        ip daddr 192.168.3.11                        sport 1025                        dport 21021                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                     chain in {                        type filter hook ingress device veth0 priority 0;                              tunnel name ip saddr map { 10.141.10.12 : 't1',   10.141.10.13 : 't2' } fwd to erspan1                }         }    Antes de cargar las reglas, se debe crear la interfaz de red erspan1:     ip link add dev erspan1 type erspan external\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha a\u00f1adido soporte para m\u00e1scaras en los nombres de las interfaces de red en los controladores netdev; por ejemplo, para agregar una cadena base al filtro de tr\u00e1fico entrante para todos los dispositivos vlan se puede especificar:           table netdev t {                chain c {                        type filter hook ingress devices = { 'vlan*', 'veth0' }   priority filter; policy accept;                }         }\n<li class=\"l\"> En sistemas con n\u00facleo Linux 6.18+ se ha implementado el soporte para la transmisi\u00f3n de tramas L2 en la interfaz de los puentes de red para procesamiento local, por ejemplo, para redirigir todas las tramas Ethernet al stack IP para la direcci\u00f3n MAC de:ad:00:00:be:ef se puede especificar:        table bridge global {              chain pre {                      type filter hook prerouting priority 0; policy accept;                      ether daddr de:ad:00:00:be:ef meta pkttype set host ether   daddr set meta ibrhwaddr accept              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha a\u00f1adido una nueva infraestructura para pruebas de fuzzing utilizando la herramienta afl++ (american fuzzy lop++), que se activa en la etapa de construcci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de '.\/configure --with-fuzzer'.            <\/ul>\n<p>Fuente: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64386\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.1.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.3.1, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.1.6, 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