{"id":181694,"date":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386"},"modified":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","slug":"vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","title":{"rendered":"Se complet\u00f3 la desensambladura del microc\u00f3digo i386 y se cre\u00f3 un CPU abierto z386","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Entusiastas lograron extraer y desensamblar con \u00e9xito el microc\u00f3digo del procesador Intel 80386, que, debido a la falta de documentaci\u00f3n, se consideraba una \"caja negra\". La imagen binaria del microc\u00f3digo fue recreada con la ayuda de inteligencia artificial a partir de fotograf\u00edas de alta resoluci\u00f3n del chip, y su funcionamiento fue analizado a trav\u00e9s del trazado de conexiones en el chip. Poco a poco se determinaron la estructura de las microinstrucciones (\u03bc-ops), los campos, el orden de ejecuci\u00f3n y los marcadores de fin de instrucciones. Los avances del proyecto han sido publicados en GitHub como dominio p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Se complet\u00f3 la desensambladura del microc\u00f3digo i386 y se cre\u00f3 un CPU abierto z386\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1e1b93d95556ace5c8005ca7e006abf2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Se descubri\u00f3 que en la CPU 80386 cada instrucci\u00f3n se ejecuta completamente a trav\u00e9s del microc\u00f3digo, mientras que en los 8086 y en los procesadores modernos, parte de las instrucciones se procesan directamente. Adem\u00e1s, a diferencia de los procesadores 8086, en el 80386 el microc\u00f3digo no implementa algoritmos directamente, sino que principalmente configura aceleradores de hardware (multiplicador, divisor, desplazamiento r\u00e1pido, PTU (Unidad de Prueba de Protecci\u00f3n)). <\/p>\n<p>Durante la investigaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n se descubri\u00f3 un posible problema de seguridad al procesar el mapa de bits de permisos de entrada\/salida (bitmap de permisos IO): al realizar una operaci\u00f3n de 4 bytes en los puertos, se verificaban los bits de permisos solo para los primeros 3 bytes, y el acceso al cuarto byte no se verificaba, lo que te\u00f3ricamente permit\u00eda el acceso a registros de hardware que deber\u00edan haber estado prohibidos.<\/p>\n<p>Basado en el microc\u00f3digo publicado, se desarroll\u00f3 la CPU abierta z386, implementada en el lenguaje SystemVerilog y que funciona utilizando FPGA. En lugar de implementar cada instrucci\u00f3n en forma de RTL (Nivel de Transferencia de Registro) separado, en el z386 se implementaron estructuras de hardware que son controladas por el microc\u00f3digo original. El rendimiento de la implementaci\u00f3n preparada es comparable al de un 386 PC r\u00e1pido (~70MHz). Con el z386 se logr\u00f3 ejecutar con \u00e9xito DOS 6\/7, DOS\/4GW, DOS\/32A y juegos como Doom y Cannon Fodder.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fuente: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=65513\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 Intel 80386, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f &#171;\u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c&#187;. \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c AI \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (&#956;-ops), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":8,"featured_media":181695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-181694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 Intel 80386, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 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