{"id":181741,"date":"2026-05-26T02:49:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T00:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386"},"modified":"2026-05-26T02:49:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T00:49:06","slug":"entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","title":{"rendered":"Los entusiastas desensamblaron el microc\u00f3digo i386 y crearon el CPU abierto z386","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/495040ba8dffef375f674e59965a66da.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Entusiastas <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reenigne.org\/blog\/80386-microcode-disassembled\">pudieron<\/a> se extrajo y desensambl\u00f3 con \u00e9xito el microc\u00f3digo del procesador Intel 80386, que debido a la falta de documentaci\u00f3n se consideraba un &laquo;caja negra&raquo;. La imagen binaria del microc\u00f3digo fue recreada con la ayuda de IA a partir de fotograf\u00edas de alta resoluci\u00f3n del chip, y la l\u00f3gica de funcionamiento fue desglosada mediante el trazado de conexiones en el chip. Se identificaron gradualmente la estructura de los microcomandos (\u03bc-ops), campos, orden de ejecuci\u00f3n y marcadores de final de instrucciones. Conclusiones del proyecto <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/reenigne\/x86_microcode\/tree\/main\/80386\">se publicaron<\/a> en GitHub como dominio p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><\/p>\n<p>Se descubri\u00f3 que en el CPU 80386 cada instrucci\u00f3n se ejecuta completamente a trav\u00e9s del microc\u00f3digo, mientras que en los 8086 y procesadores modernos, parte de las instrucciones se procesan directamente. Adem\u00e1s, a diferencia de los procesadores 8086, en el 80386 el microc\u00f3digo no implementa algoritmos directamente, sino que principalmente configura aceleradores de hardware (multiplicador, divisor, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barrel_shifter\">desplazamiento r\u00e1pido<\/a>, PTU (Unidad de Prueba de Protecci\u00f3n)).<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Durante la investigaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n se encontr\u00f3 un posible problema de seguridad en el manejo del mapa de bits de permisos de acceso a entrada\/salida (bitmap de permisos de IO): al acceder a puertos de 4 bytes, se verificaban los bits de permisos solo para los primeros 3 bytes, y no se verificaba el acceso al 4\u00b0 byte, lo que te\u00f3ricamente permit\u00eda el acceso a registros de hardware, cuyo acceso deb\u00eda estar prohibido.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sobre la base del microc\u00f3digo publicado <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nand2mario.github.io\/posts\/2026\/z386\">se desarroll\u00f3<\/a> CPU abierto <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nand2mario\/z386\">z386<\/a>, implementado en el lenguaje SystemVerilog y funcionando con FPGA. En lugar de implementar cada instrucci\u00f3n como un <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87\">RTL (wikipedia.org)<\/a> (nivel de transferencia de registro) en z386 se implementaron estructuras de hardware controladas por el microc\u00f3digo original. El rendimiento de la implementaci\u00f3n realizada se corresponde con un r\u00e1pido 386 PC (~70MHz). Con el z386 se logr\u00f3 ejecutar con \u00e9xito DOS 6\/7, DOS\/4GW, DOS\/32A y juegos como Doom y Cannon Fodder.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fuente: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/hardware\/18300992\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 Intel 80386, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f &laquo;\u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c&raquo;. \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c AI \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (\u03bc-ops), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-181741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erik Peterson\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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