{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"Lanzamiento del filtro de paquetes nftables 0.9.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">Se realiz\u00f3<\/a><\/noindex> lanzamiento del filtro de paquetes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, que se est\u00e1 desarrollando como un reemplazo de iptables, ip6tables, arptables y ebtables a trav\u00e9s de la unificaci\u00f3n de las interfaces de filtrado de paquetes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP y puentes de red. El paquete nftables incluye componentes de filtrado de paquetes que operan en el espacio de usuario, mientras que a nivel del n\u00facleo, la funcionalidad es proporcionada por el subsistema nf_tables, que forma parte del n\u00facleo de Linux desde la versi\u00f3n 3.13. Los cambios necesarios para el funcionamiento de la versi\u00f3n nftables 0.9.2 se incluyen en el n\u00facleo de Linux 5.3.<\/p>\n<p>A nivel del n\u00facleo se proporciona solo una interfaz general, independiente del protocolo espec\u00edfico y que ofrece funciones b\u00e1sicas para extraer datos de paquetes, realizar operaciones con los datos y gestionar el flujo. La l\u00f3gica de filtrado y los controladores espec\u00edficos del protocolo se compilan en bytecode en el espacio de usuario, despu\u00e9s de lo cual este bytecode se carga en el n\u00facleo mediante la interfaz Netlink y se ejecuta en una m\u00e1quina virtual especial similar a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Este enfoque permite reducir significativamente el tama\u00f1o del c\u00f3digo de filtrado que opera a nivel del n\u00facleo y trasladar todas las funciones de an\u00e1lisis de reglas y l\u00f3gica de trabajo con protocolos al espacio de usuario.<\/p>\n<p>Novedades principales:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Posibilidad de verificar el n\u00famero de puerto del encabezado del paquete de nivel de transporte independientemente del tipo de protocolo de nivel 4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Soporte para la recuperaci\u00f3n del tiempo de vida de un conjunto de elementos:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Posibilidad de verificar opciones individuales (lsrr, rr, ssrr y ra) de paquetes IPv4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>Para las opciones de enrutamiento, se puede verificar los campos type, ptr, length y addr:<\/p>\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr type 1 drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> En las expresiones ahora es permitido especificar prefijos de red y rangos de direcciones:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Soporte para el uso de variables en las definiciones de cadenas:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority filter; policy $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> La especificaci\u00f3n de la prioridad de la cadena ahora puede hacerse tanto en forma num\u00e9rica como simb\u00f3lica:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    define prioffset = \u00abfiltro \u2014 150\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Se ha implementado el soporte para el m\u00f3dulo synproxy. Por ejemplo, para proteger el puerto TCP 8888 con synproxy se pueden utilizar el siguiente conjunto de reglas:\n<p>    tabla ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    tipo de filtro gancho prerouting prioridad raw; pol\u00edtica aceptar;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain z {<br \/>\n                    tipo de filtro gancho forward prioridad filtro; pol\u00edtica aceptar;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct state invalid, untracked synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 timestamp sack-perm ct estado inv\u00e1lido drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ahora se pueden definir pol\u00edticas a trav\u00e9s de conjuntos de reglas est\u00e1ndar para determinar en la tabla conntrack conexiones adicionales esperadas relacionadas con la conexi\u00f3n actual, que se aplican en protocolos y escenarios que requieren establecer m\u00faltiples conexiones. Por ejemplo, para determinar conexiones esperadas posteriores al puerto TCP 8888 hacia el puerto 5432, se pueden especificar las siguientes reglas:\n<p>        tabla x {<br \/>\n                ct expectativa myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protocolo tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        tiempo de espera 1h<br \/>\n                        tama\u00f1o 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                cadena de entrada {<br \/>\n                        tipo de filtro gancho input prioridad 0;<br \/>\n                        ct estado nuevo tcp dport 8888 ct expectativa set myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct estado establecido, relacionado contador aceptar<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fuente: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 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