{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"El sistema Live de Knoppix ha abandonado systemd despu\u00e9s de 4 a\u00f1os de uso.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p><i>Despu\u00e9s de cuatro a\u00f1os de uso de systemd, la distribuci\u00f3n basada en Debian Knoppix ha eliminado el controvertido sistema de inicio.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Este domingo (18 de agosto <b>*<\/b>) se lanz\u00f3 la versi\u00f3n 8.6 de la popular distribuci\u00f3n de Linux Knoppix, basada en Debian. Esta versi\u00f3n se basa en Debian 10 (Buster), lanzado el 9 de julio, e incluye varios paquetes de las ramas testing y unstable para garantizar el soporte de nuevas tarjetas gr\u00e1ficas. Knoppix es una de las primeras distribuciones live-CD de Linux y sigue siendo muy popular entre los entusiastas.<\/p>\n<p>El lanzamiento de Knoppix 8.6 \u2014 la primera versi\u00f3n p\u00fablica de la distribuci\u00f3n que ha abandonado systemd, el sistema de inicializaci\u00f3n desarrollado por Lennart Poettering de Red Hat, dise\u00f1ado para reemplazar sysvinit. Mientras que la adaptaci\u00f3n de systemd ha sido objeto de controversias y cr\u00edticas, actualmente systemd es la elecci\u00f3n por defecto en el mainstream. Se utiliza en el upstream de Knoppix \u2014 Debian; RHEL, CentOS y Fedora; openSUSE y SLES, as\u00ed como en Mageia y Arch.<\/p>\n<p>Los descontentos con systemd est\u00e1n principalmente relacionados con la sobrecarga de funciones que asume la subestructura, ya que el proyecto no cumple con la filosof\u00eda b\u00e1sica de Unix \u00abhaz una cosa y hazla bien\u00bb. Otros aspectos, como los registros en forma binaria (en contraste con los registros de texto legibles por humanos), tambi\u00e9n generan cr\u00edticas.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9cnicamente, la primera versi\u00f3n de Knoppix que elimin\u00f3 systemd fue la 8.5; sin embargo, esta versi\u00f3n se distribuy\u00f3 exclusivamente con las versiones impresas de Linux Magazine Germany, a principios de este a\u00f1o, y no estuvo disponible para su descarga p\u00fablica. El creador de Knoppix, Klaus Knopper, escribi\u00f3 brevemente sobre la decisi\u00f3n de eliminar systemd en esta versi\u00f3n (traducci\u00f3n del alem\u00e1n, se incluyen enlaces para el contexto):<\/p>\n<p><i>\u00abEl todav\u00eda controvertido sistema startup systemd, que <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/new-linux-systemd-security-holes-uncovered\/\">recientemente caus\u00f3 indignaci\u00f3n por vulnerabilidades de seguridad<\/a>, fue integrado en Debian desde la versi\u00f3n 8.0 (Jessie) y fue eliminado a partir de la versi\u00f3n 8.5 de Knoppix. Elud\u00ed las duras dependencias del sistema de arranque con mis propios paquetes (parches) <b>*<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Para mantener la gesti\u00f3n de sesiones similar a systemd y as\u00ed conservar la capacidad de apagar y reiniciar el sistema desde un usuario normal, utilic\u00e9 el gestor de sesiones elogind. Esto evit\u00f3 la intervenci\u00f3n de systemd en muchos componentes del sistema y redujo la complejidad del sistema en general. Si necesitas iniciar tus propios servicios al arranque, no es necesario crear ninguna unidad de systemd, simplemente escribe tus servicios en un archivo de texto \/etc\/rc.local que contiene ejemplos con explicaciones.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Knoppix utiliz\u00f3 systemd desde 2014 hasta 2019, convirti\u00e9ndose en el segundo en una lista muy corta de distribuciones que integraron y luego abandonaron systemd \u2014 Void Linux es el primero en esta lista. Tambi\u00e9n en 2016 se cre\u00f3 un fork de Debian \u2014 Devuan, creado alrededor de la filosof\u00eda libre de systemd. (Existen forks similares de Arch Linux \u2014 Artix, que utiliza openRC. <b>*<\/b>)<\/p>\n<p>Knoppix tambi\u00e9n viene con un sistema para personas con discapacidades, ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), que es \u00abun sistema de men\u00fa hablado, cuyo objetivo es facilitar el trabajo y el acceso a internet para principiantes en inform\u00e1tica, incluso si no tienen contacto visual con la pantalla del ordenador\u00bb, opcionalmente incluye un sistema de ampliaci\u00f3n de pantalla basado en Compiz.<\/p>\n<p><b>* \u2014 nota del traductor<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fuente: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/linux-general\/15195193\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f systemd, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Debian \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435(18 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 *) \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 8.6 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043a\u0441-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Knoppix \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 Debian. \u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 9\u0433\u043e \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f Debian 10(Buster), \u0441 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a testing \u0438 unstable \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442. Knoppix \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 live-CD [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f systemd, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Debian \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435(18 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 *) \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 8.6.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47Live \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 4\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 systemd. | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f systemd, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Debian \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Knoppix, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435(18 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 *) \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 8.6.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:18:51+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:18:51+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47La distribuci\u00f3n Live Knoppix, despu\u00e9s de 4 a\u00f1os de uso, se deshizo de systemd. | ProHoster","description":"Despu\u00e9s de cuatro a\u00f1os de uso de systemd, la distribuci\u00f3n basada en Debian, Knoppix, elimin\u00f3 el controvertido sistema de inicializaci\u00f3n. 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