{"id":56195,"date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/zagolovok-x-client-data-kak-metod-identifikatsii-polzovatelej-chrome"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:04:25","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:04:25","slug":"zagolovok-x-client-data-kak-metod-identifikatsii-polzovatelej-chrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/news\/zagolovok-x-client-data-kak-metod-identifikatsii-polzovatelej-chrome","title":{"rendered":"El encabezado X-Client-Data como m\u00e9todo de identificaci\u00f3n de usuarios de Chrome","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Al discutir <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52182\">de la iniciativa<\/a><\/noindex> Google sobre la unificaci\u00f3n del contenido del encabezado HTTP User-Agent, el desarrollador del navegador Kiwi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/w3ctag\/design-reviews\/issues\/467#issuecomment-581944600\">ha se\u00f1alado<\/a><\/noindex> sobre el encabezado HTTP \u00abX-Client-Data\u00bb que permanece en Chrome y que potencialmente <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/law-topic\/data-protection\/reform\/what-personal-data_en\">infringe<\/a><\/noindex> el Reglamento General de Protecci\u00f3n de Datos (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85\">GDPR<\/a><\/noindex>). Durante <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=22236106\">del debate<\/a><\/noindex> tambi\u00e9n se ha criticado la dualidad de acciones de Google, que por un lado <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52189\">promueve<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51341\">m\u00e9todos<\/a><\/noindex> para bloquear la identificaci\u00f3n oculta y el seguimiento de las actividades de los usuarios, pero por otro lado no se apresura a eliminar de Chrome el soporte del encabezado X-Client-Data, que puede ser utilizado para identificar instancias del navegador al acceder a los servicios de Google.<\/p>\n<p>El encabezado X-Client-Data no es una funcionalidad oculta y su comportamiento <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/chrome\/privacy\/whitepaper.html#variations\">descrito<\/a><\/noindex> en la documentaci\u00f3n. A trav\u00e9s de X-Client-Data, Google obtiene datos sobre la actividad de ciertas caracter\u00edsticas experimentales en Chrome vinculadas a sus sitios (por ejemplo, durante un experimento Google puede activar en YouTube ciertas funciones de prueba, si son compatibles con el navegador o intentar correlacionar los problemas que surgen con la activaci\u00f3n de funciones experimentales). <\/p>\n<p>Encabezado <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chromium\/chromium\/blob\/master\/components\/variations\/net\/variations_http_headers.cc#L89\">se env\u00eda<\/a><\/noindex> solo para solicitudes a sitios de Google que coinciden con las m\u00e1scaras \u00ab*.doubleclick.net\u00bb, \u00ab*.googlesyndication.com\u00bb, \u00abwww.googleadservices.com\u00bb, \u00ab*.google.&lt;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains\">TLD<\/a><\/noindex>&gt;\u00bb y \u00ab*.youtube.\u00bb, y que se env\u00edan a trav\u00e9s de HTTPS. En modo inc\u00f3gnito, el encabezado no se completa, pero en caso de cambiar el perfil autenticado del usuario en Google a un perfil de invitado o al realizar una operaci\u00f3n de limpieza de datos, el encabezado no se restablece y contin\u00faa envi\u00e1ndose con el valor anterior.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/pics_base\/0_1580990115.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"El encabezado X-Client-Data como m\u00e9todo de identificaci\u00f3n de usuarios de Chrome\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/1510d69ab0464c6d7aed19580c88a862.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Se afirma que el encabezado no contiene informaci\u00f3n personal identificable, solo describe el estado de la instalaci\u00f3n de Chrome y las funciones experimentales activas. Si en la configuraci\u00f3n se desactiva el env\u00edo de telemetr\u00eda sobre el uso del navegador y la generaci\u00f3n de informes de fallos, al generar el valor base del encabezado X-Client-Data se utilizan solo 13 bits de entrop\u00eda (8000 combinaciones diferentes), lo cual es insuficiente para la identificaci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Dado que en el encabezado tambi\u00e9n se codifican algunas configuraciones y par\u00e1metros del sistema, al final, el contenido de X-Client-Data es un recurso adicional adecuado para la identificaci\u00f3n indirecta del usuario en un corto periodo de tiempo (las capacidades experimentales se activan y desactivan con el tiempo, lo que lleva a un cambio peri\u00f3dico en el valor de X-Client-Data). <\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, adem\u00e1s de la entrop\u00eda inicial al generar el valor de X-Client-Data, tambi\u00e9n se utiliza una secuencia de semillas que devuelven los servidores de Google y que depende del pa\u00eds, direcci\u00f3n IP y otros criterios que Google considere importantes (por ejemplo, nada impide devolver una larga secuencia aleatoria que se convierta en un identificador preciso).<br \/>\nAdem\u00e1s, la verificaci\u00f3n por las m\u00e1scaras de dominios de Google al enviar X-Client-Data no excluye situaciones en las que un atacante puede registrar un dominio del tipo \u00abyoutube.xn--55qx5d\u00bb y comenzar a recopilar identificadores.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fuente: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52321\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b Google \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 User-Agent, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 Kiwi \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 Chrome HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a &#171;X-Client-Data&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 (GDPR). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":56196,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b Google \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 User-Agent, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a 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