{"id":89477,"date":"2020-07-23T01:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T23:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast"},"modified":"2020-07-23T01:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T23:42:18","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast","title":{"rendered":"Apache &#038; Nginx. Conectados en una cadena (parte 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La semana pasada en <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/timeweb\/blog\/510896\/\">parte anterior<\/a><\/noindex> este art\u00edculo describimos c\u00f3mo se construye la combinaci\u00f3n de Apache y Nginx en Timeweb. Agradecemos mucho a nuestros lectores por sus preguntas y la activa discusi\u00f3n. Hoy les contamos c\u00f3mo se implementa la disponibilidad de varias versiones de PHP en un mismo servidor y por qu\u00e9 garantizamos la seguridad de los datos a nuestros clientes.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apache &amp; Nginx. Unidos en una cadena (parte 2)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/54ee6b96e48cd1ce8fe8d93d36301202.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<b>Alojamiento virtual<\/b> (El hosting compartido) implica que en un mismo servidor est\u00e1n alojadas m\u00faltiples cuentas de clientes. En la cuenta de un cliente, por lo general, hay varios sitios web. Los sitios funcionan tanto en CMS listos (por ejemplo, Bitrix) como en soluciones personalizadas. Por lo tanto, los requisitos t\u00e9cnicos para todos los sistemas son diferentes, y es necesario gestionar varias versiones de PHP en un mismo servidor. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nComo servidor web principal utilizamos Nginx: acepta todas las conexiones externas y entrega contenido est\u00e1tico. Las otras solicitudes las proxyamos a un servidor web Apache. Aqu\u00ed es donde comienza la magia: para cada versi\u00f3n de PHP se ejecuta una instancia separada de Apache que escucha un puerto espec\u00edfico. Este puerto se indica en el host virtual del sitio web del cliente. <\/p>\n<p>Se puede leer m\u00e1s sobre el funcionamiento del esquema compartido en <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/timeweb\/blog\/510896\/\">la primera parte del art\u00edculo<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apache &amp; Nginx. Unidos en una cadena (parte 2)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/954199b375199d847a55729491df6610.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Esquema compartido <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Es importante se\u00f1alar que instalamos paquetes de PHP para diferentes versiones, porque generalmente en todas las distribuciones solo hay una versi\u00f3n de PHP. <\/p>\n<h4>\u00a1La seguridad es lo primero!<\/h4>\n<p>\nUna de las principales tareas del hosting virtual es garantizar la seguridad de los datos del cliente. Las diferentes cuentas, aunque est\u00e1n en el mismo servidor, son independientes y aut\u00f3nomas. \u00bfC\u00f3mo funciona esto?<\/p>\n<p>Los archivos de los sitios se almacenan en los directorios personales de los propios usuarios, y en el host virtual de los servidores web se indican los caminos necesarios. Es importante que los servidores web, Nginx y Apache, tengan acceso a los archivos finales de un cliente espec\u00edfico, ya que el servidor web se ejecuta solo con un usuario. <\/p>\n<p>Para Nginx se utiliza un parche de seguridad desarrollado por el equipo de Timeweb: este parche cambia el usuario al que se indica en el archivo de configuraci\u00f3n del servidor web. <\/p>\n<p>En otros proveedores de hosting, este problema puede resolverse, por ejemplo, mediante manipulaciones con derechos de acceso extendido del sistema de archivos (ACL).<\/p>\n<p>Para el funcionamiento de Apache se usa un m\u00f3dulo de multiprocesamiento <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mpm-itk.sesse.net\/\">mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex>. Permite ejecutar cada VirtualHost con su propio identificador de usuario y ID de grupo. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apache &amp; Nginx. Unidos en una cadena (parte 2)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/9a635bb83c5f0e457027e03f06dcb623.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDe este modo, gracias a las operaciones descritas anteriormente, logramos un entorno aislado y seguro para cada cliente. Al mismo tiempo, tambi\u00e9n abordamos los desaf\u00edos de escalabilidad para el alojamiento compartido. <\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3mo se implementa la combinaci\u00f3n de Apache y Nginx, se puede leer en <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/timeweb\/blog\/510896\/\">parte anterior<\/a><\/noindex> nuestro art\u00edculo. Adem\u00e1s, all\u00ed se describe una configuraci\u00f3n alternativa a trav\u00e9s del esquema dedicado.<\/p>\n<p>Si tienes alguna pregunta para nuestros expertos, deja un comentario. Intentaremos responder a todo o describir la soluci\u00f3n a la tarea con m\u00e1s detalle en los pr\u00f3ximos art\u00edculos.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fuente: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/timeweb\/blog\/511852\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache \u0438 Nginx \u0432 Timeweb. \u041c\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435! \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 PHP \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Shared-\u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":89478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache \u0438 Nginx \u0432 Timeweb.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47Apache &amp; Nginx. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c\u044e (2 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c) | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache \u0438 Nginx \u0432 Timeweb.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/es\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-22T23:42:18+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-22T23:42:18+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache &amp; Nginx. 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