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Sammalite juhend DNS-serveri BIND seadistamiseks chroot keskkonnas Red Hat (RHEL / CentOS) 7

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Sammalite juhend DNS-serveri BIND seadistamiseks chroot keskkonnas Red Hat (RHEL / CentOS) 7

Selles artiklis rÀÀgin ma sammudest DNS-serveri seadistamiseks RHEL 7 vĂ”i CentOS 7. Demonstreerimiseks kasutasin Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4. Meie eesmĂ€rk on luua ĂŒks A-kirje ja ĂŒks PTR-kirje otse- ja tagasivaate tsooni jaoks vastavalt.

Esmalt installige vajalikud rpm-paketid DNS-serveri jaoks.

MÄRKUS: RHEL-i puhul peab teil olema aktiivne RHN tellimus, vĂ”i vĂ”ite seada ĂŒles lokaalset iseseisvat hoidlat, mille abil pakettide haldur «yum» saab installida vajalikud rpm-paketid ja sĂ”ltuvused.

# yum install bind bind-chroot caching-nameserver

Minu seadistused:

# hostname
golinuxhub-client.example
ĐœĐŸĐč IP-аЎрДс 192.168.1.7
# ip address | egrep 'inet.*enp0s3'
    inet 192.168.1.7/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3

Kuna kasutame chroot'i, tuleb teenus keelata.

# systemctl stop named
# systemctl disable named

SeejÀrel kopeerige vajalikud failid chroot katalooge.
MÄRKUS. Kasutage argumenti -p komandos cp Ă”iguste ja omanike sĂ€ilitamiseks.

[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/* /var/named/chroot/etc/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.conf’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’

SeejÀrel kopeerige tsooni failid uude asukohta.

[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/* /var/named/chroot/var/named/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/data’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/data’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.external.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.external.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.ca’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.ca’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.empty’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.empty’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.localhost’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.localhost’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.loopback’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.loopback’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’
```bash
NĂŒĂŒd vaatame pĂ”hilist konfiguratsioonifaili.
```bash
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/

TĂŒhjendage named.conf sisu ja lisage jĂ€rgmine.

[root@golinuxhub-client etc]# vim named.conf
options {
        listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; any; };
#       listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { localhost; any; };
        allow-query-cache { localhost; any; };
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};

view my_resolver {
        match-clients      { localhost; any; };
        recursion yes;
        include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};

Tsooniga, mis puudutab tsooni, tuleb lisada /var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones. Lisage allpool toodud kirjed. Fail example.zone on otsevaatamise tsoonifail ja example.rzone — pöördvaate faili.

OLULINE MÄRKUS: Pöördvaate tsoon sisaldab 1.168.192, kuna minu IP-aadress on 192.168.1.7

zone "example" IN {
        type master;
        file "example.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "example.rzone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

Tsoonidega seotud failid asuvad siin:

# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/

SeejÀrel loome failid otse- ja pöördvaate jaoks. Failide nimed on samad nagu eespool failis named.rfc1912.zones. Meil on juba mÔned vaikimisi mallid, mida saame kasutada.

# cp -p named.localhost  example.zone
# cp -p named.loopback example.rzone

Nagu nÀete, praegused Ôigused kÔikidel failidel ja kataloogidel kuuluvad root.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 May 22  2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  168 May 22  2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   56 May 22  2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   56 May 22  2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2281 May 22  2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  168 May 22  2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   71 Feb 12 21:02 slaves

Muuda kÔigi failide Ôigusi, mÀÀrates omanikuks kasutaja root ja grupp named.

# chown root:named *

Kuid data korral peab omanik olema named:named.

# chown -R  named:named data
# ls -l
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 named named    6 May 22  2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  168 May 22  2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named   56 May 22  2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named   56 May 22  2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named 2281 May 22  2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  168 May 22  2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  named   71 Feb 12 21:02 slaves

Lisage allpool toodud sisu otsevaate faili. Siin loome A-kirje localhosti (golinuxhub-client) ja veel ĂŒhe serveri (golinuxhub-server) jaoks.

# vim example.zone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  example. root (
                                        1       ; serial
                                        3H      ; refresh
                                        15M     ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        1D )    ; minimum

                IN NS           example.

                        IN A 192.168.1.7
golinuxhub-server       IN A 192.168.1.5
golinuxhub-client       IN A 192.169.1.7

SeejÀrel lisage sisu pöördvaate faili. Siin loome PTR-kirje golinuxhub-clienti ja serveri golinuxhub-serveri jaoks.

# vim example.rzone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  example. root.example. (
                                        1997022700      ; serial
                                        28800           ; refresh
                                        14400           ; retry
                                        3600000         ; expire
                                        86400  )        ; minimum

        IN NS   example.
5       IN PTR  golinuxhub-server.example.
7       IN PTR  golinuxhub-client.example.

Enne teenuse kÀivitamist named-chroot, kontrollige tsoonifaili konfiguratsiooni.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.zone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1
OK

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.rzone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1997022700
OK

KĂ”ik nĂ€eb hea vĂ€lja. NĂŒĂŒd kontrollige konfiguratsioonifaili, kasutades jĂ€rgmist kĂ€sku.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot/ /etc/named.conf

Niisiis, kÔik lÀks edukalt.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# echo $?
0

OLULINE MÄRKUS: mul on SELinux seadistatud permissive reĆŸiimisse

# getenforce
Permissive

KÔik nÀeb hea vÀlja, nii et on aeg meie teenust alustada named-chroot .

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl restart named-chroot

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl status named-chroot
● named-chroot.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named-chroot.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-02-12 21:53:23 IST; 19s ago
  Process: 5236 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /usr/sbin/rndc stop > /dev/null 2>&1 || /bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5327 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/named -u named -c ${NAMEDCONF} -t /var/named/chroot $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5325 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" == "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot -z "$NAMEDCONF"; else echo "Zone failide kontroll on keelatud"; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 5330 (named)
   CGroup: /system.slice/named-chroot.service
           └─5330 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf -t /var/named/chroot

Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: managed-keys-zone/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1997022700
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone example/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: all zones loaded
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: running
```bash
Veenduge, et resolv.conf sisaldab teie IP-aadressi, et see saaks DNS-serverina töötada.
```bash
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search example
nameserver 192.168.1.7
```bash
Kontrollime meie DNS-serverit tagurpidi zona jaoks, kasutades dig.
```bash
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.5

; <> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <> -x 192.168.1.5
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40331
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.      IN      PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN      PTR     golinuxhub-server.example.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN      NS      example.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example.                86400   IN      A       192.168.1.7

;; KĂŒsimise aeg: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; KUID: Mon Feb 12 22:13:17 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 122

Kuidas nÀete, saime meie pÀringule (QUERY) positiivse vastuse (ANSWER).

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.7

; <> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <> -x 192.168.1.7
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55804
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.      IN      PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN      PTR     golinuxhub-client.example.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN      NS      example.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example.                86400   IN      A       192.168.1.7

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:12:54 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 122

Sama moodi saame kontrollida otseala.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-client.example
Server:         192.168.1.7
Address:        192.168.1.7#53

Name:   golinuxhub-client.example
Address: 192.169.1.7

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-server.example
Server:         192.168.1.7
Address:        192.168.1.7#53

Name:   golinuxhub-server.example
Address: 192.168.1.5

See artikkel on veidi vananenud, kuna RHEL 7 ei nÔua enam bind konfiguratsioonifailide kopeerimist chrooti. Samm-sammuline Ôpetus: Konfigureeri DNS-server BIND chroot kasutades (CentOS/RHEL 7).

Allikas: habr.com

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