{"id":100285,"date":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9"},"modified":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","title":{"rendered":"Nftables 0.9.9 paketti filter","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Avaldasime nftables 0.9.9 pakettide filtreerimise versiooni, mis unifitseerib pakettide filtreerimise liidesed IPv4, IPv6, ARP ja v\u00f5rgu sillad (sihtides iptables, ip6tables, arptables ja ebtables asendamist). Samuti avaldasime koos sellega raamatukogu libnftnl 1.2.0, mis pakub madalama taseme API-d nf_tables s\u00fcsteemiga suhtlemiseks. Nftables 0.9.9 versiooni jaoks vajalikud muudatused on sisaldatud Linuxi tuuma versioonis 5.13-rc1.          <\/p>\n<p>Nftables'i paketis on kasutusruumi paketifiltreerimise komponendid, samas kui tuuma tasemel tagab t\u00f6\u00f6 nf_tables alams\u00fcsteem, mis on Linuxi tuumas saadaval alates versioonist 3.13. Tuuma tasemel on olemas vaid \u00fcldine liides, mis ei s\u00f5ltu konkreetsetest protokollidest ja pakub p\u00f5hi\u00fclesandeid paketidest andmete ekstraheerimiseks, andmete t\u00f6\u00f6tlemiseks ja voogude haldamiseks.    <\/p>\n<p>Filtreerimisreeglid ja protokollispetsiifilised t\u00f6\u00f6tlejad kompileeritakse kasutusruumis byte-koodiks, seej\u00e4rel laaditakse see byte-kood tuuma Netlinki liidese abil ja k\u00e4ivitatakse tuumas eraldi <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtuaalmasinas\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4310\">virtuaalmasinas<\/a>, mis tahes BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Sarnane l\u00e4henemine v\u00f5imaldab oluliselt v\u00e4hendada filterkoodi suurust, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab tuuma tasemel, ning viia k\u00f5ik reeglite parsing'u funktsioonid ja protokollide t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise loogika kasutajaruumi.    <\/p>\n<p>P\u00f5hilised uuendused:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Realiseeriti v\u00f5imalus edastada flowtable t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine v\u00f5rguadapterile, mis aktiveeritakse lipu 'offload' abil. Flowtable on mehhanism, mis optimeerib pakettide suunamise teed, kus t\u00e4ielik reeglite t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine toimub ainult esimese paketi puhul, samas kui k\u00f5ik \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud pakettide voos suunatakse otse l\u00e4bi.        table ip global {              flowtable f {                      hook ingress priority filter + 1                      devices = { lan3, lan0, wan }                      flags offload              }                chain forward {                      type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;                      ip protocol { tcp, udp } flow add @f              }                chain post {                      type nat hook postrouting priority filter; policy accept;                      oifname 'wan' masquerade              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Lisatud tugi lipu kinnitamiseks tabelile, mis seondub omanikuga, mis v\u00f5imaldab protsessil tagada tabeli eksklusiivse kasutamise. Protsessi l\u00f5petamisel kustutatakse sellega seotud tabel automaatselt. Protsessi kohta teave kuvatakse reeglite v\u00e4ljav\u00f5ttes kommentaarina:          table ip x { # progname nft              flags owner                chain y {                      type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;                      counter packets 1 bytes 309              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Lisatud tugi IEEE 802.1ad spetsifikatsioonile (VLAN stacking v\u00f5i QinQ), mis m\u00e4\u00e4ratleb mitme VLANi sildi sisestamise \u00fche Etherneti kaadri sisse. N\u00e4iteks v\u00e4lise Etherneti kaadri 8021ad ja vlan id=342 kontrollimiseks v\u00f5ib kasutada konstruktsiooni        ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 342      v\u00e4lise Etherneti kaadri 8021ad\/vlan id=1, 802.1q\/vlan id=2 sissekapseldamise ja IP-pakettide edastamise kontrollimiseks:         ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 1 vlan type 8021q vlan id 2 vlan type ip counter\n<li class=\"l\"> Lisatud tugi ressursside haldamiseks, kasutades \u00fchtset cgroups v2 hierarhiat. cgroups v2 peamine erinevus v1-st on, et see rakendab \u00fchtset cgroups hierarhiat k\u00f5igi ressursside t\u00fc\u00fcpide jaoks, seniks kuni varem oli vajalik eraldi hierarhiad CPU ja m\u00e4lu jaotamiseks ning I\/O reguleerimiseks. N\u00e4iteks eelmise taseme sokli cgroupv2 maski 'system.slice' vastavuse kontrollimiseks v\u00f5ib kasutada konstruktsiooni:       ... socket cgroupv2 level 1 'system.slice'\n<li class=\"l\"> Lisatud v\u00f5imalus kontrollida SCTP pakettide komponente (vajalik funktsionaalsus ilmub Linuxi k\u00e4rgedele 5.14). N\u00e4iteks, et kontrollida, kas paketis on chunk'i t\u00fc\u00fcp 'data' ja v\u00e4li 'type':       ... sctp chunk data exists    ... sctp chunk data type 0\n<li class=\"l\"> Reeglite laadimise operatsiooni t\u00e4itmine on kiiruselt peaaegu kahekordne, kasutades lippu '-f'. Samuti on kiiruselt paranenud reeglite loendi v\u00e4ljund.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pakkumine kompaktseks vormiks bitide seadistamise kontrollimiseks lippudes. N\u00e4iteks, et kontrollida, et snat ja dnat olekubiidid ei ole seadistatud, saab kirjutada:       ... ct status ! snat,dnat    et kontrollida, et syn bit on seadistatud syn,ack bitmask:       ... tcp flags syn \/ syn,ack    et kontrollida, et fin ja rst bitid ei ole seadistatud bitmaskis syn,ack,fin,rst:       ... tcp flags != fin,rst \/ syn,ack,fin,rst\n<li class=\"l\"> Lubatud on s\u00f5na 'verdict' kasutamine typeof m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemisel set\/map jaoks:        add map x m { typeof iifname . ip protocol . th dport : verdict;}    <\/ul>\n<p>Allikas: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55214\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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