{"id":101071,"date":"2021-08-21T16:22:59","date_gmt":"2021-08-21T14:22:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-5-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij"},"modified":"2021-08-21T16:22:59","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T14:22:59","slug":"vypusk-bubblewrap-0-5-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-5-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","title":{"rendered":"Bubblewrap 0.5.0 v\u00e4ljaanne, isoleeritud keskkondade loomise kiht","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Saadaval on versioon Bubblewrap 0.5.0 t\u00f6\u00f6riistade komplektist, mida kasutatakse isolatsioonikeskkondade haldamiseks, peamiselt seoses mitteprivilegeeritud kasutajate \u00fcksikute rakenduste piiramisest. Praktikas kasutab Bubblewrap Flatpaki projekti pakendite kaudu k\u00e4ivitatavate rakenduste isolatsiooniks. Projekti kood on kirjutatud C keeles ja levitatakse LGPLv2+ litsentsi alusel. <\/p>\n

Isolatsiooni tagamiseks kasutatakse traditsioonilisi Linuxi konteinerite virtualiseerimise tehnoloogiaid, mis p\u00f5hinevad cgroupside, nimede ruumide (namespaces), Seccomp-i ja SELinuxi kasutamisel. Privilegeeritud konteineri seadistamise toimingute t\u00e4itmiseks k\u00e4ivitatakse Bubblewrap root-\u00f5igustes (suud-failiga) ning privileegid t\u00fchistatakse p\u00e4rast konteineri initsialiseerimise l\u00f5petamist. <\/p>\n

Kasutaja nimede ruumide (user namespaces) aktiveerimine ei ole vajalik, kuna see ei toimi paljudes jaotustes vaikimisi (Bubblewrap positsioneerib end piiratud suid-implementatsioonina kasutaja nimede ruumide v\u00f5imaluste alamhulga jaoks \u2014 k\u00f5ik kasutaja ja protsessi identifikaatorid v\u00e4lja arvatud praeguses keskkonnas v\u00e4listatakse re\u017eiimide CLONE_NEWUSER ja CLONE_NEWPID abil). T\u00e4iendava kaitse tagamiseks k\u00e4ivitatakse Bubblewrapi all t\u00f6\u00f6tavad programmid PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS re\u017eiimis, mis keelab uute privileegide saamise, n\u00e4iteks setuid lipu olemasolu korral. <\/p>\n

Failis\u00fcsteemi isoleerimine toimub vaikimisi uue mount-nimetu loomise kaudu, kus tmpfs abil luuakse t\u00fchi juurdosa. Vajadusel kinnitatakse sellele osale v\u00e4list failis\u00fcsteemi osad «mount —bind» re\u017eiimis (n\u00e4iteks kui k\u00e4ivitatakse c valikuga «bwrap —ro-bind \/usr \/usr», siis jaotust \/usr suunatakse p\u00f5hiskeemist vaid lugemisre\u017eiimis). V\u00f5rguv\u00f5imalusi piiratakse p\u00e4\u00e4suga loopback-liidesesse ning v\u00f5rguhaldus isoleeritakse CLONE_NEWNET ja CLONE_NEWUTS lippude kaudu. <\/p>\n

Peamine erinevus sarnase projekti Firejail vahel, mis kasutab samuti setuid mudelit, on see, et Bubblewrap-i konteinerite loomise kiht sisaldab vaid vajalikku minimaalsust, samas kui k\u00f5ik laiendatud funktsioonid, mis on vajalikud graafiliste rakenduste k\u00e4itamiseks, lauaarvutiga suhtlemiseks ja Pulseaudio n\u00f5uete filtreerimiseks, on v\u00e4lja viidud Flatpaki k\u00fclge ja teostatakse p\u00e4rast privileegide t\u00fchistamist. Firejail koondab aga k\u00f5ik kaasnevad funktsioonid \u00fchte t\u00e4idisega faili, mis muudab selle auditeerimise ja turvalisuse s\u00e4ilitamise keerulisemaks. <\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438: «—chmod» \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430, «—clearenv» \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 PWD) \u0438 «—perms» \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 «—bind-data», «—dir», «—file», «—ro-bind-data» \u0438 «—tmpfs». \u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 bind. \u0414\u043b\u044f zsh \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438.
\n
Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Bubblewrap 0.5.0, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 Bubblewrap \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c Flatpak \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 LGPLv2+. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Bubblewrap 0.5.0 v\u00e4ljaanne, isoleeritud keskkondade loomise kiht | ProHoster","description":"Saadaval on t\u00f6\u00f6riistakomplekti v\u00e4ljaanne isoleeritud keskkondade haldamiseks, Bubblewrap 0.5.0, mida kasutatakse tavaliselt privileegideta kasutajate eraldi rakenduste piiramiseks. Praktikas rakendab Bubblewrap Flatpaki projekt rakenduste k\u00e4ivitamise isoleerimiseks pakettide kaudu. Projekti kood on kirjutatud C keeles ja levitatakse LGPLv2+ litsentsi all. Isoleerimiseks kasutatakse traditsioonilisi Linuxi konteinerite virtualiseerimise tehnoloogiaid, p\u00f5hinedes","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-5-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a Bubblewrap 0.5.0, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Bubblewrap 0.5.0, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 Bubblewrap \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c Flatpak \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 \u0438 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