{"id":112162,"date":"2023-12-12T15:10:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T13:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predlozhenie-po-perekladyvaniyu-otvetstvennosti-za-oshibki-v-otkrytom-kode"},"modified":"2023-12-12T15:10:14","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T13:10:14","slug":"predlozhenie-po-perekladyvaniyu-otvetstvennosti-za-oshibki-v-otkrytom-kode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/predlozhenie-po-perekladyvaniyu-otvetstvennosti-za-oshibki-v-otkrytom-kode","title":{"rendered":"E ettepanek vastutuse \u00fcmbersuunamiseks avatud koodide vigade eest","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

James Bottomley IBM Research'i osakonnast, kes j\u00e4lgib SCSI ja PA-RISC alams\u00fcsteeme Linuxi tuumas ning on varem juhtinud Linux Foundationi tehnilist komiteed, pakkus v\u00e4lja v\u00f5imaliku lahenduse probleemile, mis puudutab avatud koodi arendajate vastutusele v\u00f5tmist koodi vigade v\u00f5i vigade eba\u00f5ige k\u00f5rvaldamise eest. <\/p>\n

Idee seisneb selles, et juriidiline vastutus avatud projektide algkoodi vigade eest tuleks \u00fcle kanda nende l\u00f5ppkasutajatele suunatud kommertstoote tarnijatele, teisis\u00f5nu, vastutuse nihutamine arendajalt sellele, kes teenib tulu antud koodist. N\u00e4iteks, kui ettev\u00f5te kasutab oma tootes kolmandate osapoolte avatud koodi ja selle koodi viga\/viga p\u00f5hjustab kasutajale kahju, peab kahju h\u00fcvitama toote tootja, kes andis kasutajale kommertstoote, mitte avatud raamatukogu arendaja. <\/p>\n

Vastutuse \u00fcleandmine soovitatakse teostada, lisades litsentsile klausuuri, mis n\u00e4itab n\u00f5usolekut kahjude h\u00fcvitamiseks ja kaitseb arendajate osalejate eest k\u00f5igi juriidiliste n\u00f5uete eest juhul, kui antud litsentsi alusel jagatud algkoodi kasutatakse t\u00e4ielikult v\u00f5i osaliselt komponendina v\u00f5i tootena jurisdiktsioonides, kus kehtivad t\u00e4iendavad kohustused tarkvaratoodete hoolduse osas. <\/p>\n

Praegustes tavadest piisab, et \u00f5iguslike riskide v\u00e4ltimiseks oleks litsentsis hoiatus «AS IS», kus on \u00f6eldud, et arendaja ei vastuta vigade eest, ei anna mingit garantii koodi t\u00f6\u00f6kindluse osas ja ei v\u00f5ta kohustusi probleemide lahendamiseks. Tarbija n\u00f5ustub koodi kasutama oma riskil. Arendajate garantii puudumine soodustas tasulise tehnilise toe \u00e4ri mudeli arengut, mis domineeris avatud tarkvara \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemi varajases arenguj\u00e4rgus. <\/p>\n

Avatud koodi leviku ja korporatiivse huvi kasvu t\u00f5ttu hakkas arenema kontseptsioon arendusele m\u00f5ju avaldamiseks mittetulunduslike fondide kaudu \u2014 suurtest projektidest luuakse fond, mis saab rahastust arenduseks suurtest ettev\u00f5tetest, kes seel\u00e4bi saavad v\u00f5imaluse liituda tehnilise n\u00f5ukoguga ja osaleda kollektiivsete otsuste vastuv\u00f5tmisel edasise arengu osas. Fondide loomine on muutnud suhtumist avatud projektidesse, mis on n\u00fc\u00fcd arvatud tehnoloogia t\u00f6\u00f6stuse arengu t\u00f6\u00f6riistana, mitte vabatahtlike kaootiliseks pelgupaigaks. Muutus ka vastutuse tajumine avatud koodi probleemide eest \u2014 eraarendajate kaitsmise asemel on kohustuste puudumise punkt hakanud t\u00f5lgenduma suurte ettev\u00f5tete vastutuse v\u00e4ltimise v\u00f5imalusena, kes loovad avatud tooteid. <\/p>\n

Olukord kohustuste l\u00f5petamisega v\u00f5ib muutuda, kui Euroopa Liidus v\u00f5etakse vastu ts\u00fcberg\u00fcidiseaduse eeln\u00f5u, mis paneb teatud vastutuse tarkvaratootjatele, kes ei hooli piisavalt turvalisusest ning ei k\u00f5rvalda haavatavust toote elu jooksul \u00f5igeaegselt. Eeln\u00f5u puudutab kaubandusliku tarkvara tootjaid ja tehtud t\u00f6\u00f6 p\u00f5hjal pakub see avatud litsentsidega tarkvara jaoks erilist erandi, kuid pole mingeid garantiisid, et tulevikus ei v\u00f5eta kuskil vastu sarnast seadust ilma selliste eranditeta. <\/p>\n

N\u00e4iteks arendajate vastutuse seotud riskide osas tuuakse v\u00e4lja \u00dchendkuningriigis algatatud kohtuvaidlus, kus ettev\u00f5te Tulip Trading, kes kaotas k\u00fcberturbe r\u00fcnnaku t\u00f5ttu umbes 4 miljardi dollari v\u00e4\u00e4rtuses Bitcoine, n\u00f5uab, et Bitcoin s\u00fcsteemi arendajad muudaksid plokiahela koodi kaotatud summa tagastamiseks. K\u00e4esolev hagi on esitatud koodi t\u00f6\u00f6riistade arendajate vastu, mitte Bitcoin v\u00f5rgu operaatorite vastu. Esimese astme kohus keeldus hagit\u00f5demust rahuldamast vastavalt litsentsipunktile, mis k\u00e4sitleb vastutuse v\u00e4listamist, kuid arutelu j\u00e4tkus apellatsioonikohtus, mis n\u00e4ib samuti hagi tagasi l\u00fckkavat, kuid seekord tulenevalt ettev\u00f5tte Tulip Trading suutmatuks t\u00f5estada Bitcoiinide omamist taotletud summas.
\n
Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0438 (James Bottomley) \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f IBM Research, \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b SCSI \u0438 PA-RISC \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 Linux Foundation, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Pakkumine vastutuse \u00fclekandmiseks avatud koodi vigade eest | ProHoster","description":"James Bottomley IBM Research divisjonist, kes juhib SCSI ja PA-RISC alams\u00fcsteeme Linuxi tuumas ja kes varem juhtis Linux Foundationi tehnilist komiteed, pakkus v\u00e4lja lahenduse 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