{"id":138938,"date":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","slug":"gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","title":{"rendered":"GPUHammer \u2014 Rowhammer r\u00fcnnaku variant GPU m\u00e4lule","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Toronto \u00dclikooli teadlased on esitanud esimese Rowhammer t\u00fc\u00fcpi r\u00fcnnaku, mis on suunatud videom\u00e4lu sisu moonutamisele. R\u00fcnnakuv\u00f5ime, mis v\u00f5imaldab asendada kuni 8 bitti andmeid, on demonstreeritud NVIDIA A6000 eraldiseisvas GPU-s, millel on GDDR6 videom\u00e4lu. Praktilise n\u00e4itena on n\u00e4idatud, kuidas sellist moonutust saab kasutada masin\u00f5ppe mudelite t\u00e4itmise h\u00e4irimiseks ja tulemuste t\u00e4psuse olulisel (80%-lt 0.1%-le) v\u00e4henemisel, kui muuta ainult \u00fche bitti v\u00e4\u00e4rtust.

\"GPUHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

Siiani on olnud Rowhammer t\u00fc\u00fcpide r\u00fcnnakute loomine videom\u00e4lule keeruline, kuna GDDR m\u00e4lu kiipide f\u00fc\u00fcsilise paigutuse m\u00e4\u00e4ramine on kompleksne, m\u00e4lu juurde p\u00e4\u00e4semise viivitused on neli korda pikemad ning m\u00e4lu uuendamise sagedus on k\u00f5rgem. Lisaks takistasid uuringute l\u00e4biviimist GDDR kiipides kasutusj\u00e4rgu kaitsemekanismid, mis takistasid enneaegset laengu kadu, ja nende anal\u00fc\u00fcsiks oli vajalik spetsiaalsete FPGA-p\u00f5histe seadmete loomine. <\/p>\n

Videom\u00e4lu uurimiseks t\u00f6\u00f6tasid teadlased v\u00e4lja uue GDDR DRAM p\u00f6\u00f6rdinseneritehnika, ning r\u00fcnnakus kasutasid nad m\u00e4lup\u00e4\u00e4su optimeerimise tehnikaid, mis olid suunatud paralleelsete arvutuste organiseerimisele ning said kasutada intensiivsuse suurendajatena eraldi m\u00e4lurakkude juurde p\u00e4\u00e4semiseks. NVIDIA GPU r\u00fcnnaku l\u00e4biviimiseks kasutati madalat taset CUDA koodi. <\/p>\n

CUDA kasutajakoes ei tehta p\u00f6\u00f6rdumist f\u00fc\u00fcsilistele m\u00e4lu aadressidele, kuid NVIDIA draiveris peegeldati virtuaalset m\u00e4lu samasse f\u00fc\u00fcsilisse m\u00e4lu, mida teadlased kasutasid virtuaalse m\u00e4lu nihke arvutamiseks ja m\u00e4epankade paigutuse m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemiseks. Erinevate m\u00e4lupankade aadresside tunnustamine toimus viivituste anal\u00fc\u00fcsi kaudu, mis erinevad m\u00e4lupankadele ligip\u00e4\u00e4semisel. <\/p>\n

S\u00fcsteemides, kus kasutatakse koos GPU-sid, nagu serverid<\/a> Masin\u00f5ppele suunatud r\u00fcnnak v\u00f5imaldab \u00fchel kasutajal muuta teise kasutaja andmeid videom\u00e4lus. Kaitsemeetmena soovitab NVIDIA aktiveerida veakontrollikoodid (ECC, Error Correction Codes) k\u00e4suga «nvidia-smi -e 1» v\u00f5i kasutada graafikakaarte, nagu GeForce RTX 50, RTX PRO, GB200, B200, B100, H100, H200, H20 ja GH200, mis toetavad OD-ECC (On-Die ECC). <\/p>\n

Uuringute kohaselt p\u00f5hjustab ECC sissel\u00fclitamine A6000 GPU-de s\u00fcsteemides masin\u00f5ppemudelite sooritamise efektiivsuse v\u00e4henemist umbes 10% ja m\u00e4lu maht v\u00e4heneb 6,25%. R\u00fcnnakute tegemiseks ja NVIDIA GPU-de madala taseme videom\u00e4lu paigutuse tagasiarvutamiseks m\u00f5eldud t\u00f6\u00f6riistakomplekt on avaldatud GitHubis. <\/p>\n

RowHammeri r\u00fcnnak v\u00f5imaldab moonutada individuaalsete DRAM m\u00e4lubittide sisu, lugedes andmeid naaberrakkudest ts\u00fckliliselt. Kuna DRAM m\u00e4lu on kahe m\u00f5\u00f5tmega rakke sisaldav array, kus iga rakk koosneb kondensaatorist ja transistorki, toob sama ala pidev lugemine kaasa pingefluktuaatsioone ja anomaaliaid, mis p\u00f5hjustavad naaberrakkude v\u00e4ikese laengukaotuse. Kui lugemise intensiivsus on suur, v\u00f5ib naabruses olev rakk kaotada piisavalt suurt laenguhulka, mille t\u00f5ttu j\u00e4rgmine regeneratsioonits\u00fckkel ei suuda taastada selle algset olekut, mis toob kaasa andmete v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse muutumise rakus. <\/p>\n

Rowhammeri r\u00fcnnakumeetod esitati 2014. aastal, p\u00e4rast mida algas turvauurijate ja riistvaratootjate vahel m\u00e4ng 'kass ja hiir' \u2014 m\u00e4chipitootjad p\u00fc\u00fcdsid haavatavust blokeerida, samal ajal kui uurijad leidsid uusi viise selle k\u00f5rvalehoidmiseks. N\u00e4iteks m\u00e4chipitootjad lisasid RowHammeri kaitseks TRR (Target Row Refresh) mehhanismi, kuid selgus, et see blokeerib rakkude moonutused vaid teatud juhtudel ja ei kaitse k\u00f5igi v\u00f5imalike r\u00fcnnakute eest. R\u00fcnnakumeetodid on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tatud DDR3, DDR4 ja DDR5 kiipide jaoks Intel, AMD ja ARM protsessoritega s\u00fcsteemides. Samuti leiti viise ECC veakorrektiivide \u00fcletamiseks ning pakuti v\u00e4lja r\u00fcnnakute v\u00f5imalusi v\u00f5rgu kaudu ja JavaScript-koodi k\u00e4itamise kaudu brauseris.
\n
Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e 8 \u0431\u0438\u0442 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