{"id":143523,"date":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati"},"modified":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","slug":"phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Phoenix \u2014 DDR5 kiipide r\u00fcnnak, mis p\u00f5hjustab m\u00e4lu sisu moonutamist","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160veitsi f\u00f6deraalse tehnika\u00fclikooli teadlased koos Google'i inseneridega on loonud uue Rowhammer t\u00fc\u00fcpi r\u00fcnnete tehnika - Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), mis v\u00f5imaldab \u00fcletada DDR5 kiipides kasutatavaid TRR (Target Row Refresh) kaitsemehhanisme, takistades m\u00e4lulementide moonutusi laadimiskao t\u00f5ttu. Avaldatud on protot\u00fc\u00fcp eksploidist, mis v\u00f5imaldab muuta teatud biti sisu m\u00e4lus ja saavutada s\u00fcsteemis oma privileegide t\u00f5stmine. R\u00fcnnaku demonstreerimine viidi l\u00e4bi AMD protsessoriga PC-l, millel on Zen 4 arhitektuur ja SK Hynix DDR5 m\u00e4lu, millel sooritati t\u00fc\u00fcpilisi lauaarvuti \u00fclesandeid. <\/p>\n

RowHammeri r\u00fcnnak v\u00f5imaldab rikutud DRAMi m\u00e4lu \u00fcksikute bittide sisu, lugedes andmeid pidevalt naaberm\u00e4lu rakkudest. DRAM m\u00e4lu on kahem\u00f5\u00f5tmeline rakkude massiiv, kus iga rakk koosneb kondensaatorist ja transistorist. \u00dche ja sama m\u00e4luala pidev lugemine p\u00f5hjustab pingefluktuatsioone ja anomaaliaid, mis p\u00f5hjustavad naaberakkude v\u00e4ikest laengukaotust. Kui lugemise intensiivsus on k\u00f5rge, v\u00f5ib naaberakk kaotada piisavalt suures koguses laengut, nii et j\u00e4rgmine regenereerimise ts\u00fckkel ei suuda taastada selle algset olekut, mis viib talletatud andmete muutumiseni. <\/p>\n

Rowhammer r\u00fcnnaku meetod pakuti v\u00e4lja 2014. aastal, p\u00e4rast mida algas turva teadlaste ja seadmete tootjate vahel m\u00e4ng 'kass ja hiir' - m\u00e4lu kiipide tootjad p\u00fc\u00fcdsid haavatavust blokeerida, samas kui teadlased leidsid uusi viise selle \u00fcletamiseks. N\u00e4iteks RowHammeri kaitseks lisasid kiibitootjad TRR (Target Row Refresh) mehhanismi, kuid selgus, et see blokeerib m\u00e4luelementide moonutusi ainult teatud juhtudel, kuid ei kaitse k\u00f5igi r\u00fcnnakuv\u00f5imaluste vastu. R\u00fcnnaku meetodid on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tatud DDR3, DDR4 ja DDR5 kiipide jaoks Intel, AMD ja ARM protsessoritega s\u00fcsteemides ning ka NVIDIA graafikakaartide kasutatava videom\u00e4lu osas. Veelgi enam, leiti viise ECC veakorrektiivide \u00fcletamiseks ja pakuti v\u00e4lja r\u00fcnnakute sooritamise variante \u00fcle v\u00f5rgu ning brauseris JavaScripti koodi k\u00e4itamise kaudu. <\/p>\n

M\u00e4lulementide moonutuste kaitse \u00fcletamise v\u00f5tmeteguriks DRAM-is on TRR mehhanismi toimimise loogika m\u00f5istmine, mis p\u00f5hineb peamiselt rakenduse detailide varjamisel ja 'turvalisus ebaselguse kaudu' (security by obscurity) p\u00f5him\u00f5ttel. Teadlased on loonud TRR t\u00f6\u00f6loogika m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks ja tagasip\u00f6\u00f6ramiseks spetsiaalsed FGPA Arty-A7 ja ZCU104 platvormid, mis v\u00f5imaldavad testida SO-DIMM ja RDIMM DDR5 m\u00e4lu mooduleid, tuvastada juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su mustreid m\u00e4luelementidele, m\u00e4\u00e4rata, millised madala taseme DDR-k\u00e4sud saadetakse p\u00e4rast m\u00e4lu tarkvarategevusi ja anal\u00fc\u00fcsida nende vastust.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

Selgus, et anal\u00fc\u00fcsitud DDR5 kiipide kaitse on rakendatud ilma t\u00e4iendavate m\u00e4lu v\u00e4rskendamise kohtlemise k\u00e4skudeta ja see tugineb muutuva laadimise sagedusega skeemidele. Rowhammer r\u00fcnnaku edukaks teostamiseks nendes tingimustes on vajalik tuhandete m\u00e4lu v\u00e4rskendamise toimingute t\u00e4pne j\u00e4lgimine. Nendes tingimustes osutusid varasemad Rowhammer r\u00fcnnakumeetodid sobimatuks ja teadlased t\u00f6\u00f6tasid v\u00e4lja uue meetodi, mis viib l\u00e4bi isekorrektiivsete mustrite j\u00e4lgimise m\u00f6\u00f6daminnes unustatud m\u00e4lu v\u00e4rskendamise toimingute ajal. <\/p>\n

Meetod osutus efektiivseks ja testide k\u00e4igus v\u00f5imaldas saavutada kontrollitud m\u00e4lu biti moonutuse k\u00f5ikides 15 testitud SK Hynix DDR5 kiipides (36% DRAM turust), mis toodeti alates 2021. aasta l\u00f5pust kuni 2024. aasta l\u00f5puni. \u00dche biti moonutamine osutus piisavaks, et luua eksploit, mis v\u00f5imaldas saada juur\u00f5igusi s\u00fcsteemis AMD Ryzen 7 7700X protsessoriga ja SK Hynix DDR5 m\u00e4luga, r\u00fcnnates seda 109 sekundi jooksul. Pakutud r\u00fcnnakumeetodi t\u00f5kestamiseks soovitatakse kolme korra suurendada m\u00e4lu v\u00e4rskendamise sagedust. <\/p>\n

Juhtumite eksperimenteerimise meetodid, mis v\u00f5imaldavad saada juur\u00f5igusi l\u00e4bi \u00fche biti moonutamise, h\u00f5lmavad j\u00e4rgmisi tehnikaid: m\u00e4lu lehe tabeli (PTE, page table entry) kirje sisu muutmine, et saada kernelip\u00e4devused; RS-2048 avaliku v\u00f5tme OpenSSH m\u00e4lu rikkumine (saab tuua avaliku v\u00f5tme vastavusse r\u00fcndaja privaatsesse v\u00f5tmesse, et luua \u00fchendus ohvri VM-iga); \u00f5iguste kontrollimise \u00fcletamine sudo protsessi m\u00e4lu modifitseerimise kaudu. PTE meetod osutus toimivaks k\u00f5igi 15 testitud kiibi puhul, RSA r\u00fcnnak suudeti l\u00e4bi viia 11 kiibi puhul, ning sudo puhul 5. virtuaalmasinas<\/a> r\u00fcndaja privaatv\u00f5tmega VM-i ohvri juurde \u00fchendamiseks); juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su kontrolli \u00fcletamine sudo protsessi m\u00e4lu muutmise kaudu. PTE meetod osutus toimivaks k\u00f5igi 15 testitud kiibi puhul, r\u00fcnnak RSA kaudu \u00f5nnestus 11 kiibi korral, ja sudo kaudu - 5 kiibi korral.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

Eksploidis kasutatakse m\u00e4lulehtede tabelite paigutamiseks valitud DRAM elementide jaoks Rubicon tehnikat, mis paljastati samaaegselt k\u00e4sitletava Phoenix r\u00fcnnaku k\u00f5rval. Rubicon manipuleerib Linuxi kerneli m\u00e4luhalduss\u00fcsteemi optimeerimise omadustega ja v\u00f5imaldab saavutada m\u00e4lu eraldamist piirkondades, millel on erinev 'migratetype' v\u00e4\u00e4rtus, mis on reserveeritud privileegitud toiminguteks. Probleemi olemasolu on kinnitatud Linuxi kernelite puhul alates 5.4 kuni 6.8, kuid teoreetiliselt katab haavatavus k\u00f5ik kernelid, kus on reageerimise eraldamise mehhanism Zoned Buddy Allocator. <\/p>\n

Lisaks Rowhammer-t\u00fc\u00fcpi r\u00fcnnakute lihtsustamisele on Rubiconi tehnika samuti rakendatav mikroarhitektuurir\u00fcnnakute, nagu Spectre, t\u00f5hususe suurendamiseks ning salajaste andmete m\u00e4lus asukoha m\u00e4\u00e4ramise lihtsustamiseks, mida tuleb v\u00e4lja v\u00f5tta spekulatiivsete k\u00e4skude t\u00e4itmise kaudu toimuvate lekkide kaudu. Rubicon v\u00f5imaldab v\u00e4ltida pikaajalist m\u00e4lus skaneerimise ja failide m\u00e4\u00e4ramise etappi, nagu \/etc\/shadow. Selle asemel on v\u00f5imalik kohe alustada mikroarhitektuuriliste haavatavuste \u00e4rakasutamist, t\u00e4nu eeldatavale faili paiknemisele teadaoleval f\u00fc\u00fcsilisel aadressil. N\u00e4iteks v\u00f5imaldas Rubiconi meetodi kasutamine kiirendada andmeleket Intel i7-8700K protsessoriga s\u00fcsteemis 2698 sekundilt 9.5 sekundile (284 korda), samas kui AMD EPYC 7252 protsessoris v\u00e4henes see 189-lt 27.9 sekundile (6.8 korda).

\r\n \"Vaata\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center> <\/p>\n

Samas demonstreeris teine teadlaste grupp George Masoni \u00dclikoolist Rowhammer r\u00fcnnete kasutatavust AI-s\u00fcsteemide kompromiteerimiseks. Teadlased pakkusid v\u00e4lja OneFlip meetodi, mis v\u00f5imaldab sihip\u00e4raselt muuta AI mudelite k\u00e4itumist, moonutades 1-bitist teavet m\u00e4lus. Koodin\u00e4ide troojalaste lisamiseks n\u00e4rviv\u00f5rku on saadaval. N\u00e4idatud on, kuidas \u00fche biti muutmine saab m\u00f5jutada autopiloodi mudeli t\u00f6\u00f6d, muutes 'Peatage' liiklusm\u00e4rgi t\u00f5lgendust 'Kiiruspiiranguks'. Samuti on k\u00e4sitletud meetodi kasutamist n\u00e4otuvastus s\u00fcsteemide \u00fcletamiseks. Mudelite puhul, mis salvestavad kaalu koefitsiente 32-bitiste t\u00e4isarvudena, on r\u00fcnnaku sooritamise t\u00f5hususe m\u00e4\u00e4r 99.9%, ilma et see m\u00f5jutaks mudeli algseid omadusi.

\"Phoenix<\/center>
\n
Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer — Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 DDR5 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b TRR (Target Row Refresh), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":143524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-143523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Phoenix \u2014 r\u00fcnnak DDR5 kiipidele, mis p\u00f5hjustab m\u00e4lu sisu moonutamist | ProHoster","description":"\u0160veitsi F\u00f6deraalne Tehnolooge \u00dclikool Z\u00fcrichis koos Google'i inseneridega on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tanud uue Rowhammer-t\u00fc\u00fcpi r\u00fcnnaku tehnika - Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), mis v\u00f5imaldab \u00fcletada DDR5 kiipides kasutatavaid TRR (Target Row Refresh) kaitsemehhanisme, mis takistavad m\u00e4lu rakkude moonutamist laengu kadumise t\u00f5ttu. Avalikustatud on protot\u00fc\u00fcp, mis v\u00f5imaldab muuta teatud bitti sisu operatiivm\u00e4lu ning saavutada selle suurenemist.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Phoenix \u2014 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u044b DDR5, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043a \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer - 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