{"id":29999,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","slug":"kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","title":{"rendered":"Kompaktplaat t\u00e4histab 40. aastap\u00e4eva, ja kas see on surnud (v\u00f5i?)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kompaktplaat
\nPhilipsi m\u00e4ngija protot\u00fc\u00fcp, ajakiri Elektuur nr 188, juuni 1979, K\u00e4ivitusala 1.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Kompaktplaat t\u00e4histab 40. aastap\u00e4eva, ja neile meist, kes m\u00e4letavad, kuidas see algas, j\u00e4\u00e4b see endiselt m\u00fcstiliseks tippsaavutuseks, isegi n\u00fc\u00fcd, kui see meedium on pidanud k\u00f5rvale astuma striimimisplatvormide surve all.<\/p>\n

Kui p\u00fcstitada eesm\u00e4rk v\u00e4lja selgitada hetk, mil digitehnika hakkas tarbeelektroonikas analooge v\u00e4lja t\u00f5rjuma, siis v\u00f5ib selleks pidada CD-de ilmumist. Seitsmek\u00fcmnendate keskpaiku olid k\u00f5ige ihatavamad elektroonilised 'masinad' analoogvideom\u00e4ngijad ja CB-raadiod, kuid koduarvutite ja laserplaatide esitluse j\u00e4rel muutusid unistused olla 'lainel' ootamatult. CD-m\u00e4ngija osutus esimeseks koduseks elektroonikaseadmeks, mis sisaldas, kuigi v\u00e4ikest, siiski t\u00f5elist laserit, mis tookord n\u00e4is olevat midagi fantastilist, lausa uskumatu. T\u00e4na ei too uued tehnoloogiad turule sellist m\u00f5ju: neid k\u00e4sitletakse kui midagi, mis ilmub ja kaob 'oma korda'.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kust see tuli?<\/h1>\n

\nFormaat \"Nogi\" kasvab ajastu uusimate videokaamerate salvestamistehnikate kaudu, mille arendajad p\u00fc\u00fcdlesid nende kohandamise poole ka kvaliteetse heli salvestamiseks. Sony ettev\u00f5ttes p\u00fc\u00fcti kohandada videomagnetofoni digitaalset heli salvestamiseks, samas kui Philipsi eesm\u00e4rk oli salvestada heli analoogformaadis optilistele diskidele, mis olid sarnased neid ajal, kui juba kasutati video salvestamiseks. Hiljem j\u00f5udsid m\u00f5lema korporatsiooni insenerid j\u00e4reldusele, et parim salvestusmeetod on optilise ketta digitaalne vorming. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval tundub see j\u00e4reldus iseenesestm\u00f5istetav, kuid toona ei j\u00f5utud selleni \u00fcle\u00f6\u00f6. P\u00e4rast kahe omavahel \u00fchilduva, kuid v\u00e4ga sarnase formaadi v\u00e4ljat\u00f6\u00f6tamist hakkasid Sony ja Philips koost\u00f6\u00f6d tegema ning 1979. aastaks esitlesid nad protot\u00fc\u00fcpe m\u00e4ngijast ja 120-millimeetristest ketastest, mis mahutasid \u00fcle tunni 16-bitist stereosidet 44,1 kHz sagedusel. Populaarses teaduskirjanduses ja ajakirjanduses omistati uuele tehnoloogiale uskumatut futuristlikkust, liialdades selle v\u00f5imalustega. Televisioonisaadetes lubati, et need kettad on v\u00f5rreldes vin\u00fc\u00fclplaatidega \u201eh\u00e4vimatud\u201d, mis l\u00f5i veelgi suuremat huvi nende vastu. Philipsi l\u00e4ikiva h\u00f5bedase korpusega \u00fclemise laadimisega m\u00e4ngija n\u00e4gi imeline v\u00e4lja, kuid esimesed mudelid j\u00f5udsid poodide riiulitele alles 1982. aastal.<\/p>\n

Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab?<\/h1>\n

\nKuigi kasutajad arvasid, et CD-m\u00e4ngija t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te on \u00fclem\u00e4\u00e4ra keeruline ja arusaamatu, on see tegelikult \u00fcllatavalt lihtne ja selge. Eriti v\u00f5rreldes analoogvideomagnetofonitega, mille k\u00f5rval need m\u00e4ngijad sageli seisid. Kaheksanda k\u00fcmnendi l\u00f5puks selgitasid nad isegi erinevaid teemasid tulevastele elektroonikainseneridele, kasutades n\u00e4iteks PCD seadmeid. Siis teadsid paljud juba, mis see formaat on, kuid kaugel k\u00f5ik ei saanud endale sellist m\u00e4ngijat osta.<\/p>\n

CD-mootori lugemispea sisaldab \u00fcllatavalt v\u00e4he liikuvosi. Moodul, mis sisaldab nii kiirgusallikat kui ka vastuv\u00f5tjat, liigub v\u00e4ikese elektrimootori abil l\u00e4bi kruvi\u00fclekande. IR-laser paistab prismasse, mis peegeldab kiirt 90\u00b0 nurga alla. Objektiiv fokuseerib selle, ja siis, peegeldues kettalt, j\u00f5uab see tagasi sama objektiivi kaudu prismasse, kuid seekord ei muuda see oma suunda ja saavutab nelja fotoanduri massiivi. Fokuseerimismehhanism koosneb magnetist ja m\u00e4histest. \u00d5ige j\u00e4lgimise ja fokuseerimise korral saavutatakse suurim kiirguse intensiivsus massiivi keskel; j\u00e4lgimise h\u00e4irimine p\u00f5hjustab plaastrite nihkumist, samas kui fokuseerimise h\u00e4irimine \u2014 selle laienemist. Automaatika reguleerib lugemispea asendit, fokuseerimist ja p\u00f6\u00f6rlemiskiirust, et v\u00e4ljundis saada analoogsignaal, millest saab v\u00e4lja tuua digitaalsete andmete, mis tulevad vajaliku kiirusel.<\/p>\n

\"Kompaktplaat
\nLugemispea seade koos selgitustega, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Bitid koostatakse kaadritesse, millele on juba salvestamise ajal rakendatud modulaatsiooni EFM (eight-to-fourteen modulation)<\/a><\/noindex>, mis v\u00e4ltib \u00fcksikute nullide ja \u00fcksteiste esinemist, n\u00e4iteks 000100010010000100 muutub 111000011100000111-ks. P\u00e4rast kaadrite l\u00e4bimist otsingutabeli kaudu saadakse 16-bitine andmevoog, mis l\u00e4bib Reed-Solomoni korrektsiooni ja edastatakse DAC-ile. Kuigi erinevad tootjad on aastaid formati t\u00e4iustanud, on seadme peamine osa j\u00e4\u00e4nud v\u00e4ga lihtsaks optilise ja elektroonilise s\u00f5lme kombinatsiooniks.<\/p>\n

Mis juhtus temaga hiljem?<\/h1>\n

\n90ndatel muutusid formaadid fantastilisest ja prestii\u017esest massiliseks. M\u00e4ngijad odavnesid oluliselt, turule j\u00f5udsid kaasaskantavad mudelid. Diskiplaadid hakkasid kassettm\u00e4ngijaid taskutest v\u00e4lja t\u00f5rjuma. Sama toimus ka CD-ROMidega, ning 90ndate teises pooles oli raske ette kujutada uut arvutit ilma CD-diskija ja multimeedia ents\u00fcklopeediata. Erandiks ei olnud ka Vist 1000HM \u2014 stiilne arvuti, mille k\u00f5larid olid integreeritud monitori, UKV- vastuv\u00f5tja ning kompaktne IR-klaviatuur koos sisseehitatud joystick'iga, meenutades suurt pulti muusikakeskuse jaoks. \u00dches\u00f5naga, ta justkui karjus, et tema koht pole kontoris, vaid eluruumis, ja ta pretendeerib kohale, mida keerab muusikakeskus. Kine tuli kaasas s\u00f5numiga \"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0441 \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0443\u0441\" disk CD-plaadiga, millel olid kompositsioonid 4-bitiste monofoniliste WAV-failide kujul, mis v\u00f5tsid v\u00e4he ruumi. Kuigi oli ka spetsiifilisemat tehnikat, mis kasutas andmekandjana CD-sid, n\u00e4iteks Philips CD-i ja Commodore Amiga CDTV, samuti Video CD m\u00e4ngijad, Sega Mega CD seade Mega Drive\/Genesis konsoolide jaoks, 3DO ja PlayStation (k\u00f5ige esimene)...<\/p>\n

\"Kompaktplaat
\nCommodore Amiga CDTV, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

\"Kompaktplaat
\nVist Black Jack II arvuti, mis v\u00e4limuselt ei erine Vist 1000HM-st, itWeek, (163)39`1998<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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