{"id":29999,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","slug":"kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","title":{"rendered":"Kompaktne plaat on 40 aastat vana ja see on surnud (v\u00f5i?)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kompaktne
\nPhilipsi m\u00e4ngijate protot\u00fc\u00fcp, ajakiri Elektuur nr 188, juuni 1979, Kasutusvaba t\u00e4his 1.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Kompaktplaadil on 40 aastat ja nende jaoks, kes m\u00e4letavad, kuidas see kunagi algas, j\u00e4\u00e4b see isegi praegu, kui voogedastusteenused on selle meedia k\u00f5rval surutud, salap\u00e4raseks k\u00f5rgtehnoloogia saavutuseks.<\/p>\n

Kui p\u00fc\u00fcda v\u00e4lja selgitada hetke, mil digitaaltehnika hakkas tarbeelektroonikas analoogse v\u00e4listama, v\u00f5iks selleks pidada CD-de \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. Seitsmek\u00fcmnendate keskel olid k\u00f5ige soovitavamad elektroonilised 'raudsed esemed' analoogvideomagnetofon ja CB-raadiojaam, kuid kui turule tulid esimesed koduarvutid ja lasersalvestajad, muutusid unistused 'lainel olemisest' \u00e4kitselt. CD-m\u00e4ngija oli esimene koduelektroonikaseade, mis sisaldas, kuigi v\u00e4ikest, aga ikkagi t\u00f5elist laserit, mis tundus siis midagi fantastilist, praktiliselt ebareaalset. T\u00e4na ei tekita uued tehnoloogiad turule tulles sellist efekti: neid vaadatakse kui midagi, mis ilmub ja kaob 'omaette'.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kust see tuli?<\/h1>\n

\nCD forma sai alguse viimaseid tehnoloogiaid videote salvestamiseks, mida arendajad soovisid kohandada ka k\u00f5rgekvaliteedilise helisalvestusega. Sony p\u00fc\u00fcdis kohandada videomagnetofoni digitaalsete helide salvestamiseks, samas kui Philips t\u00f6\u00f6tas v\u00e4lja analoogsete helide salvestamise optilistele ketastele, sarnastele neile, mida juba kasutati videote salvestamiseks. L\u00f5puks j\u00f5udsid m\u00f5lema ettev\u00f5tte insenerid arusaamale, et parem on salvestada optilisele kettale, aga digitaalsetes vormingutes. T\u00e4na tundub see \u201eaga\u201d iseenesestm\u00f5istetav, kuigi siis ei j\u00f5utud sellele niisama lihtsalt. P\u00e4rast kahte kokkusobimatut, kuid v\u00e4ga sarnast formaati alustasid Sony ja Philips koost\u00f6\u00f6d ning 1979. aastaks tutvustasid nad m\u00e4ngija ja 120 mm ketta protot\u00fc\u00fcpe, mis mahutas \u00fcle tunni 16-bitist stereheli 44,1 kHz n\u00e4idustussagedusega. Populaarteaduslikus kirjanduses ja ajakirjanduses omistati uutele tehnoloogiatele uskumatut futurismi, liialdades nende v\u00f5imalusi. Tele\u00fclekannetes lubati, et need kettad on \u201eh\u00e4vitamatud\u201c v\u00f5rreldes vin\u00fc\u00fclplaatidega, see lisas veelgi huvi nende vastu. H\u00f5bedase korpusega Philipsi m\u00e4ngija, millel oli \u00fclaltlaetav disain, n\u00e4gi uimastav v\u00e4lja, kuid esimesed mudelid j\u00f5udsid poodide riiulitele alles 1982. aastal.<\/p>\n

Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab?<\/h1>\n

\nKuigi kasutajatele tundus, et CD-m\u00e4ngija t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te on liiga keeruline ja arusaamatu, on tegelikult k\u00f5ik \u00fcllatavalt lihtne ja arusaadav. Eriti v\u00f5rreldes analoogsete videomagnetofonitega, mille k\u00f5rval need m\u00e4ngijad tihti olid. 1980. aastate l\u00f5puks kasutati n\u00e4iteks PC-d selle seadme puhul erinevate teemade selgitamiseks tulevastele elektroonikainseneridele. Paljud teadsid, mis formaat see on, kuid mitte k\u00f5ik ei saanud endale sellist m\u00e4ngijat lubada.<\/p>\n

CD-mootori lugemise pea sisaldab \u00fcllatavalt v\u00e4he liikuvaid osi. Moduli, mis sisaldab nii kiirguse allikat kui vastuv\u00f5tjat, liigutab v\u00e4ike elektrimootor spiraal\u00fclekande abil. Infrapunalaine laser kiirgab prismasse, mis peegeldab kiirt 90\u00b0 nurga all. Objektiiv fokusseerib selle ja siis, peegeldudes kettalt, j\u00f5uab see sama objektiivi kaudu tagasi prismasse, kuid seekord ei muuda see oma suunda ja j\u00f5uab nelja fotodiodi massi. Fokuseerimismehhanism koosneb magnetist ja m\u00e4histest. \u00d5ige j\u00e4lgimise ja fokusseerimise korral saavutatakse kiirguse maksimaalne intensiivsus massi keskosas, j\u00e4lgimise rikkumine p\u00f5hjustab laigu nihkumist ja fokuseerimise rikkumine selle laienemist. Automatiseerimine reguleerib lugemise pea asendit, fokuseerimist ja p\u00f6\u00f6rlemiskiirus, et v\u00e4ljundiks oleks analoogsignaal, millest saab v\u00e4lja v\u00f5tta digitaalset teavet soovitud kiirusel.<\/p>\n

\"Kompaktne
\nLugemise pea seade koos seletustega, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Bitid kombineeritakse kaadritesse, millele on juba salvestamisel rakendatud modulaat, EFM (eight-to-fourteen modulaat)<\/a><\/noindex>, mis aitab v\u00e4ltida \u00fcksikute nullide ja \u00fcksteiste esinemist. N\u00e4iteks j\u00e4rjestus 000100010010000100 muudetakse 111000011100000111-ks. P\u00e4rast kaadrisid tabeli kaudu saab 16-bitite voolu, mis l\u00e4bib Reed-Solomoni korrektsiooni ja j\u00f5uab DAC-ile. Kuigi erinevad tootjad on aastate jooksul teinud selle s\u00fcsteemi erinevaid t\u00e4iustusi, j\u00e4i seadme peamiseks osaks siiski \u00fcsna lihtne optoelektrooniline modul.<\/p>\n

Mis temaga p\u00e4rast juhtus?<\/h1>\n

\n1990-ndatel muutus formaat fantastilisest ja prestii\u017esest massiliseks. M\u00e4ngijad kallinesid oluliselt, turule ilmusid kaasaskantavad mudelid. Diskipleierid hakkasid taskutest kassettm\u00e4ngijaid v\u00e4lja t\u00f5rjuma. Sama juhtus ka CD-ROM-idega ning 1990-ndate teisel poolel oli raske kujutleda uut arvutit ilma CD-draivi ja multimeedia ents\u00fcklopeediata komplektis. Erandiks polnud ka Vist 1000HM \u2014 stiilne arvuti, mille monitori sisse olid integreeritud k\u00f5larid, UKV- vastuv\u00f5tja ja kompaktne IR-klaviatuur koos sisseehitatud puldiga, mis meenutas tohutut muusika keskuse puldit. Kokkuv\u00f5ttes teadis see k\u00f5ik oma v\u00e4ljan\u00e4gemisega \u00f6elda, et see ei kuulu b\u00fcroosse, vaid eluruumi ning pretendeerib kohale, mis on varustatud just muusika keskuse poolt. Sellega kaasas oli Nautilus Pompilius'i b\u00e4ndi plaadiga, millel olid neljabitised monofonilised WAV-failid, mis v\u00f5tsid v\u00e4he ruumi. Oli ka spetsialiseeritud seadmeid, mis kasutasid andmete kandjana CD-d, n\u00e4iteks Philips CD-i ja Commodore Amiga CDTV, samuti Video CD m\u00e4ngijad, Sega Mega CD seade Mega Drive\/Genesis m\u00e4ngukonsoolide jaoks, 3DO konsool ja Play Station (esimene versioon)...<\/p>\n

\"Kompaktne
\nCommodore Amiga CDTV, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

\"Kompaktne
\nArvuti Vist Black Jack II, mille v\u00e4limus ei erine Vist 1000HM-st, itWeek, (163)39`1998<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

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