{"id":30239,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:27","slug":"uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages","title":{"rendered":"Lihtsustame Linuxi kogumist l\u00e4htekoodist UmVirt LFS Packages veebisaidi abil.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00f5ib-olla on paljusid GNU\/Linuxi kasutajaid viimasel ajal toimunud riiklike algatuste t\u00f5ttu, mis on suunatud \u00absuver\u00e4\u00e4nse\u00bb Interneti loomisele, pannud rahule, et valmistuda juhtumiks, kui populaarsed GNU\/Linuxi distributsioonide hoidlad ei ole enam saadaval.<\/p>\n

M\u00f5ni t\u00f5mbab alla CentOSi, Ubuntu v\u00f5i Debian hoidlaid, keegi kogub oma distributsioone olemasolevate distributsioonide alusel, samas kui teised, relvastatuna LFS (Linux From Scratch) ja BLFS (Beyond Linux From Scratch) raamatutega, on juba hakanud kompileerima oma distributsioone l\u00e4htekoodist, usuvad, et \u00absuver\u00e4\u00e4nse\u00bb Interneti tingimustes toimuvad kindlasti h\u00e4kkerir\u00fcnnakud, viirushaigused, andmelekked ja binaarfailid muutuvad lihtsalt m\u00f5ne aja p\u00e4rast aegunuks.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nHiljuti \u00f5nnestus mul t\u00e4ielikult kompileerida virtuaalmasina l\u00e4htekoodist, l\u00e4htudes Linux From Scratch Systemd Edition v.8.3 raamatu juhistest. Kiirustan oma tulemusi teiega jagama.<\/p>\n

Linuxi koostamisprotsess<\/h2>\n

\nLinuxi koostamisprotsessi l\u00e4htekoodist saab jagada kolme etappi: <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Olemasoleva operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi p\u00f5hjal luuakse LFS-i koostamiseskkond.<\/li>\n
  2. Koostamiseskkonnas luuakse LFS-i virtuaalmasina pilt.<\/li>\n
  3. Virtuaalmasinas installitakse BLFS-i raamatust t\u00e4iendavaid pakette, mida LFS-i raamatus pole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Statilised skriptifailid<\/h3>\n

    \nKoostamiseskkonnaga t\u00f6\u00f6tades on mugav kasutada l\u00f5ikepinda ja SSH-d: kopeerid raamatust k\u00e4sud ja kleepid need koostamiseskkonna konsolisse. <\/p>\n

    P\u00e4rast loodud virtuaalmasina k\u00e4ivitamist tekkisid t\u00f5sised probleemid. Erinevalt terminaliaknast ei ole virtuaalmasina kliendiaken v\u00f5imaldanud koodi kleepimist. Klaviatuuriga k\u00e4skude sisestamine on ebamugav ja vigade oht on suur. Vigade oht seisneb selles, et need v\u00f5ivad ilmneda mitte kohe, vaid m\u00f5ne aja p\u00e4rast ja tuua kaasa t\u00f5siseid probleeme.<\/p>\n

    On teada, et k\u00e4skusid saab sisestada mitte ainult klaviatuurilt, vaid ka standardvoolu (STDIN) kaudu. Standardvoolu allikana v\u00f5ib kasutada j\u00e4rjestikust portaali ning samuti programmis skriptide v\u00e4ljundit, mida tuntakse kui standardne v\u00e4ljund (STDOUT).<\/p>\n

    Paljud teavad, et k\u00e4sk wget v\u00f5ib edastada alla laaditud faili sisu standardsele v\u00e4ljundile (STDOUT):<\/p>\n

    wget http:\/\/example.com -O -<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nKui k\u00e4ivitada wget k\u00e4su v\u00e4ljund t\u00f5lgendajasse, saab t\u00e4ita juhuslikku koodi. Kood k\u00e4ivitatakse justkui oleks see klaviatuurile sisestatud v\u00f5i l\u00f5ikepuhvrisse kopeeritud:<\/p>\n
    wget http:\/\/umvirt.com\/linux\/helloworld.sh -O - | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nNii saab veebiserveris paigutada faile k\u00e4skudega ja saata nende sisu t\u00f5lgendajasse. <\/p>\n
    D\u00fcnaamilised skriptifailid<\/h2>\n
    \nStatilised failid on t\u00f5epoolest head, kui tead t\u00e4pselt, mida tuleb t\u00e4ita. Aga kui toimub paketi installimine ja ei ole selge, kas s\u00f5ltuvused on paigaldatud, siis mis siis? <\/p>\n
    D\u00fcnaamiline veebisait tuleb appi, mis p\u00f5hineb LAMP veebiserveril<\/b> (Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP). Kui sait suudab d\u00fcnaamiliselt genereerida lehti (HTML-failid) ja pilte, peaks ta ka tavaliste tekstifailidega suurep\u00e4raselt hakkama saama. <\/p>\n
    Nii see l\u00e4kski. Kirjutasin saidi UmVirt LFS Packages<\/noindex> mis genereerib skripte Bash t\u00f5lgendajale. Saidi andmebaasis on teave pakettide, s\u00f5ltuvuste, plaastrite, laiendite ja kokkupanekuk\u00e4skude kohta.<\/p>\n
    N\u00fc\u00fcd saab mc (midnight commander) paketi installimiseks kasutada k\u00e4sku:<\/p>\n
    wget --no-check-certificate https:\/\/umvirt.com\/linux\/packages\/0.1\/mc\/install -O - | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nSaidilt saadud skript kogub andmed andmebaasist ja loob s\u00f5ltuvuste kontrollimiseks ja paketi installimiseks vajaliku skripti koodi. T\u00f5lgendaja t\u00f6\u00f6tleb skripti instruktsioone.<\/p>\n
    Selleks, et see v\u00f5imalik oleks, salvestatakse virtuaalmasina kettale teave installitud paketid kohta andmebaasi.<\/p>\n
    Installitud pakettide andmebaas asub kataloogis \/var\/cache\/ulfs-packages<\/b> mis sisaldab loendit t\u00fchjadest failidest, mille nimed vastavad pakettide nimedele. <\/p>\n
    Kui paketti andmebaasist ei leita, toimub s\u00f5ltuvuste rekursiivne installimine.<\/p>\n
    Mugavused<\/h2>\n
    \nPakettide installimise mugavuse suurendamiseks kirjutasin skripti chimp, veel \u00fche saidi UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/noindex>, mis kasutab andmebaasi UmVirt LFS Packages<\/b>. Peamine \u00fclesanne UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/b> on teiste k\u00e4skude t\u00e4itmine. <\/p>\n
    Chimpi abil muutub pakettide installimine veelgi lihtsamaks:<\/p>\n
    chimp install mc<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Demonstratsioon<\/h2>\n
    \nR\u00e4\u00e4kides teenuste toimimisest UmVirt LFS Packages<\/b> ja UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/b> saab alla laadida p\u00f5hiversiooni Initial UmVirt LFS v.0.1 Update 1<\/noindex>. Teostada Xorg installimine, kasutades \u00fchte k\u00e4sku:<\/p>\n
    chimp install X<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nSkripti t\u00f6\u00f6tamise k\u00e4igus installitakse automaatselt 141 paketti. Aja s\u00e4\u00e4stmiseks kompileerimise k\u00e4igus v\u00f5ib failis \/etc\/profile muuta MAKEFLAGS muutuja v\u00e4\u00e4rtust n\u00e4iteks -j1 (\u00fcks niit) v\u00e4\u00e4rtusest -j6 (kuus niiti).<\/p>\n
    Detsentraliseerimine ja kohandamine<\/h2>\n
    \nOhutuse, autonoomsuse ja kohandamise eesm\u00e4rkidel on UmVirt LFS Packages ja UmVirt LFS Assistant teenuste l\u00e4htekood avalikult k\u00e4ttesaadav. Iga\u00fcks saab selle alla laadida, v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tada ja teenuseid oma infrastruktuuri raames kohandada.
    \n
    Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 GNU\/Linux \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 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