{"id":30239,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:27","slug":"uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/uproshhaem-sborku-linux-iz-ishodnikov-s-pomoshhyu-sajta-umvirt-lfs-packages","title":{"rendered":"Lihtsustame Linuxi koostamist allikatest UmVirt LFS paketiga.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00f5imalik, et paljusid GNU\/Linuxi kasutajaid on hiljutiste valitsuse algatuste t\u00f5ttu, mis puudutavad \u00absuver\u00e4\u00e4nset\u00bb Internetti, hakanud muretsema, et peaksid end kartma, juhul kui populaarsed GNU\/Linuxi jaotised saavad k\u00e4tte.<\/p>\n

M\u00f5ned laadivad alla CentOSi, Ubuntu, Debian'i repositooriume, keegi koostab oma jaotisi olemasolevate jaotuste alusel, ja m\u00f5ned, varustatud LFS (Linux From Scratch) ja BLFS (Beyond Linux From Scratch) raamatutega, on juba hakkanud kompilatsiooni oma jaotiste loomiseks l\u00e4htekoodist, arvestades, et \u00absuver\u00e4\u00e4nse\u00bb Interneti tingimustes toimuvad kindlasti h\u00e4kkimise r\u00fcnnakud, viiruspuhangud, andmelekkeid, ja binaarfailid saavad \u00f5ige pea aegunuks.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nHiljuti j\u00f5udsin l\u00f5puks kompileerida virtuaalmasina l\u00e4htekoodist, j\u00e4rgides juhiseid, mis on kirjutatud raamatus Linux From Scratch Systemd Edition v.8.3. Tulemusi jagan teiega.<\/p>\n

Linuxi kogumisprotsess<\/h2>\n

\nLinuxi l\u00e4htekoodist kogumisprotsessi saab jagada kolmeks etapiks: <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Olemasoleva operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi p\u00f5hjal luuakse LFS-i kogumise keskkond.<\/li>\n
  2. Kogumis keskkonnas luuakse LFS-i virtuaalmasina pilt.<\/li>\n
  3. Virtuaalsesse masina installitakse t\u00e4iendavad paketid BLFS raamatust, mida LFS raamatus ei ole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Staatilised skriptifailid<\/h3>\n

    \nKogumise keskkonnaga t\u00f6\u00f6tamise ajal on mugav kasutada l\u00f5ikelauad ja SSH-d: kopeerige k\u00e4sud raamatust ja kleepige need kogumise keskkonna konsooli. <\/p>\n

    P\u00e4rast loodud virtuaalse masina k\u00e4ivitamist tekkisid t\u00f5sised probleemid. Erinevalt terminali aknast ei saa kliendi aknasse sisestada koodi. Klaviatuuriga k\u00e4skude tippimine on ebamugav ja vigu on kergesti v\u00f5imalik teha. Vigade oht seisneb selles, et need v\u00f5ivad ilmneda mitte kohe, vaid m\u00f5ne aja p\u00e4rast ja p\u00f5hjustada t\u00f5siseid probleeme.<\/p>\n

    On teada, et k\u00e4ske saab sisestada mitte ainult klaviatuuri kaudu, vaid ka standardvoo (STDIN) kaudu. Standardvoo allikaks v\u00f5ib olla nii seerian\u00e4htus kui ka programmi skripti t\u00f6\u00f6 tulem, nii-\u00f6elda standardne v\u00e4ljund (STDOUT).<\/p>\n

    Paljud teavad, et k\u00e4sk wget v\u00f5ib v\u00e4ljendada allalaaditud faili sisu standardv\u00e4ljundis (STDOUT):<\/p>\n

    wget http:\/\/example.com -O -<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nKui wget'i k\u00e4sku suunata t\u00f5lgendisse, saab k\u00e4ivitada juhuslikku koodi. Kood saadetakse t\u00e4pselt nagu see oleks klaviatuurilt sisestatud v\u00f5i l\u00f5ikelaualt kopeeritud:<\/p>\n
    wget http:\/\/umvirt.com\/linux\/helloworld.sh -O - | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nNii on v\u00f5imalik paigutada m\u00f5nele veebiserverile failid k\u00e4skude jaoks ja saata nende sisu t\u00f5lgendisse. <\/p>\n
    D\u00fcnaamilised skriptifailid<\/h2>\n
    \nStatsionaarsete failide kasutamine on kindlasti hea, kui teate t\u00e4pselt, mis peab olema t\u00e4idetud. Kuid mis juhtub siis, kui paketti installitakse ja ei ole selge, kas s\u00f5ltuvused on paigaldatud v\u00f5i mitte? <\/p>\n
    Abiks tuleb d\u00fcnaamiline veebileht, mis p\u00f5hineb LAMP veebiserveril<\/b> (Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP). Kui veebileht suudab d\u00fcnaamiliselt genereerida lehti (HTML-faile) ja pilte, siis peaks ta kindlasti hakkama saama ka tavatekstifailidega. <\/p>\n
    Ja nii see l\u00e4ks. Kirjutasin veebilehe UmVirt LFS Packages<\/noindex> , mis genereerib skripte Bash'i t\u00f5lgendile. Veebilehe andmebaasis on teave pakettide, s\u00f5ltuvuste, plaastrite, lisade ja kogumise k\u00e4skude kohta.<\/p>\n
    N\u00fc\u00fcd saab paketi mc (midnight commander) installimiseks sisestada k\u00e4su:<\/p>\n
    wget --no-check-cerificate https:\/\/umvirt.com\/linux\/packages\/0.1\/mc\/install -O - | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nVeebisaidi skript saab andmed andmebaasist ja genereerib s\u00f5ltuvuste kontrollimise koodi ning skripti koodi paketi installimiseks. T\u00f5lgendaja t\u00f6\u00f6tleb skripti juhiseid.<\/p>\n
    Selle saavutamiseks salvestatakse virtuaalse masina kettale teave installitud paketid kohta andmebaasis.<\/p>\n
    Installitud pakettide andmebaas asub kataloogis \/var\/cache\/ulfs-packages<\/b> see on loetelu t\u00fchi failidest, mille nimed vastavad paketide nimedele. <\/p>\n
    Kui paketti ei leita andmebaasist, toimub s\u00f5ltuvuste rekursiivne installimine.<\/p>\n
    Mugavused<\/h2>\n
    \nPakettide installimise mugavamaks muutmiseks kirjutasin skripti chimp, veel \u00fche veebisaidi UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/noindex>, kasutades andmebaasi UmVirt LFS Packages<\/b>. Peamine \u00fclesanne UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/b> on teiste k\u00e4skude t\u00e4itmine. <\/p>\n
    Skripti chimp abil on pakettide installimine veelgi lihtsam:<\/p>\n
    chimp install mc<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Demonstreerimine<\/h2>\n
    \nTeenuste t\u00f6\u00f6ga tutvumiseks UmVirt LFS Packages<\/b> ja UmVirt LFS Assistant<\/b> v\u00f5ib laadida baaspildi Initial UmVirt LFS v.0.1 Update 1<\/noindex>. Hxorg installimiseks k\u00e4ivitage \u00fcks k\u00e4sk:<\/p>\n
    chimp install X<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nSkripti t\u00f6\u00f6tamise k\u00e4igus installitakse automaatselt 141 paketti. Kompileerimise aja s\u00e4\u00e4stmiseks saate failis \/etc\/profile muuta muutujat MAKEFLAGS, asendades v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse «-j1» (\u00fche niidiga) n\u00e4iteks v\u00e4\u00e4rtusega «-j6» (kuue niidiga).<\/p>\n
    Detsentraliseerimine ja kohandamine<\/h2>\n
    \nTurvalisuse, autonoomia ja kohandamise tagamiseks on UmVirt LFS Packages ja UmVirt LFS Assistant teenuste l\u00e4htekood avalikult k\u00e4ttesaadav. Iga\u00fcks v\u00f5ib selle alla laadida, k\u00e4ivitada ja teenuseid oma infrastruktuuri piires kohandada.
    \n
    Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 GNU\/Linux \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 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