{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Esimene arvuti genoom v\u00f5ib viia s\u00fcnteetiliste eluvormide loomise juurde","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00f5ik uuritud eluvormide DNA j\u00e4rjestused hoitakse Ameerika \u00dchendriikides asuvas Riikliku Biotehnoloogia Teabe Keskuse andmebaasis. 1. aprillil lisati andmebaasi uus kirje: «Caulobacter ethensis-2.0». See on maailma esimene t\u00e4ielikult arvutites modelleeritud ja seej\u00e4rel s\u00fcnteesitud s\u00fcnteetiline genoom elusolendist, mille on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tanud teadlased ETH Zurichis (Zurichi Tehnika\u00fclikool). Siiski tuleb r\u00f5hutada, et kuigi genoom C. ethensis-2.0 on edukalt saadud suure DNA molekuli kujul, vastavat elusolendit siiani ei eksisteeri.<\/p>\n

\"Esimene<\/p>\n

Uurimist\u00f6\u00f6d viisid l\u00e4bi Bit Kristen, eksperimentaalse s\u00fcsteemibioloogia professor, ja tema vend Matthias Kristen — keemik. Uus genoom, nimetatud Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, loodi bakteri Caulobacter crescentus loodusliku kodeerimise puhastamise ja optimeerimise kaudu — kahjutu bakteri, mis elab v\u00e4rskes vees \u00fcle kogu maailma.  <\/p>\n

\"Esimene
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

\u00dcle k\u00fcmne aasta tagasi l\u00f5i Craig Venter juhitud meeskond esimese «s\u00fcnteetilise» bakteri. Oma t\u00f6\u00f6s s\u00fcnteesisid teadlased Mycoplasma mycoides genoomi koopia, misj\u00e4rel see implanteeriti kanti rakkudesse, mis p\u00e4rast seda osutus t\u00e4ielikult eluj\u00f5uliseks ja s\u00e4ilitas paljunemisv\u00f5ime.<\/p>\n

Uus uurimus j\u00e4tkab Kreigeri t\u00f6\u00f6d. Kui varem l\u00f5id teadlased reaalse organismi DNA digitaalse mudeli ja selle alusel s\u00fcnteesiti molekul, siis uus projekt l\u00e4heb veelgi kaugemale, kasutades originaali DNA koodi. Teadlased t\u00f6\u00f6tasid selle oluliselt \u00fcmber, enne kui s\u00fcnteesisid ja testisid selle toimimist.<\/p>\n

Uurijad alustasid C. crescentus algse genoomiga, mis sisaldab 4000 geeni. Nagu k\u00f5igil elusorganismidel, ei kanna enamik neist geenidest mingit teavet ja on «pr\u00fcgi DNA». P\u00e4rast anal\u00fc\u00fcsi j\u00e4reldasid teadlased, et ainult umbes 680 neist on vajalikud bakteri elu toetamiseks laboris.<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast «pr\u00fcgi DNA» eemaldamist ja C. crescentus minimaalsete genoomide saamist j\u00e4tkas meeskond t\u00f6\u00f6d. Elusorganismide DNA iseloomustab sisemine \u00fcleliigsus, mis t\u00e4hendab, et sama valgu s\u00fcnteesimiseks kodeerib mitu geeni erinevates kohtades ahelas. Uurijad asendasid \u00fcle 1\/6 800 000 DNA kirjast optimeerimise k\u00e4igus, et eemaldada dubleeritud kood.<\/p>\n

\u201eMeie algoritmi t\u00f5ttu oleme t\u00e4ielikult \u00fcmber kirjutanud genoomi uude DNA kirjavahemikku, mis ei sarnane enam algsele,\u201c \u00fctleb Bit Kristen, uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 kaasautor. \u201eBioloogiline funktsioon valgu s\u00fcnteesi tasemel j\u00e4i aga muutumatuks.\u201c<\/p>\n

Uurijad kasvatasid bakterite t\u00fcvi, mille DNA-s olid nii looduslik Caulobacter genoom kui ka kunstlikud genoomi segmendid, et kontrollida, kas saadud ahel toimib korralikult elavas rakus. Teadlased l\u00fclitasid v\u00e4lja \u00fcksikuid looduslikke geene ja testisid, kas nende kunstlikud analoogid suudavad t\u00e4ita sama bioloogilist rolli. Tulemused olid \u00fcsna muljetavaldavad: umbes 580 680 kunstlikust geenist osutusid t\u00f6\u00f6v\u00f5imeliseks.<\/p>\n

\u201eSaadud teadmiste t\u00e4nu suudame oma algoritmi parandada ja v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tada uue genoomi versiooni 3.0,\u201c \u00fctleb Kristen. \u201eUsume, et l\u00e4hitulevikus loome elusate bakterirakkude, millel on t\u00e4ielikult s\u00fcnteetiline genoom.\u201c<\/p>\n

Esimeses etapis aitavad sellised uuringud geeniteadlastele kontrollida oma teadmisi DNK m\u00f5istmisest ja \u00fcksikute geenide rollist, kuna iga viga ahela s\u00fcnteesis p\u00f5hjustab organismi surma v\u00f5i ebat\u00e4iuslikkuse. Tulevikus viivad need s\u00fcnteetiliste mikroorganismide tekkimiseni, mis luuakse eelnevalt m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmiseks. Kunstlikud viirused suudavad v\u00f5idelda nende looduslike sugulastega, samas kui spetsiaalsed bakterid toodavad vitamiine v\u00f5i ravimeid.<\/p>\n

Uuring avaldati ajakirjas PNAS.<\/p>\n

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Allikas: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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uuritud elu vormide DNA j\u00e4rjestused on salvestatud USA Rahvusliku Biotehnoloogia Teabe Keskuse andmebaasi.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a 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