{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Esimene arvuti genoom v\u00f5ib viia s\u00fcnteetiliste eluvormide loomise juurde","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00f5ik DNA j\u00e4rjestused, mida elu vormide teadlased on uurinud, salvestatakse USA Rahvuslikku Biotehnoloogia Teabe Keskusesse. 1. aprillil ilmus andmebaasi uus kirje: \u00abCaulobacter ethensis-2.0\u00bb. See on maailma esimene t\u00e4ielikult arvutiga modelleeritud ja seej\u00e4rel s\u00fcnteesitud s\u00fcnteetiline genoom elusolendist, mille on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tanud teadlased ETH Zurichis (Z\u00fcrihi Tehnika\u00fclikool). Tuleb r\u00f5hutada, et kuigi C. ethensis-2.0 genoomi on \u00f5nnestunud s\u00fcnteesida suures DNA molekulis, vastavat elusorganismi ei eksisteeri veel.<\/p>\n

\"Esimene<\/p>\n

Teadusuuringud viisid l\u00e4bi Bit Kristen, eksperimentaalse s\u00fcsteemitoloogia professor, ja tema vend Matthias Kristen \u2014 keemik. Uus genoom, mille nimeks on Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, loodi Caulobacter crescentus\u00a0bakteri loodusliku koodi puhastamise ja optimeerimise teel \u2014 ohutu bakter, mis elab magevees \u00fcle kogu maailma.  <\/p>\n

\"Esimene
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

\u00dcle k\u00fcmne aasta tagasi l\u00f5i geneetiku Craig Venter'i juhitud meeskond esimese \u00abs\u00fcnteetilise\u00bb bakteri. Teaduslikus t\u00f6\u00f6s s\u00fcnteesiti Mycoplasma mycoides genoomi koopia, mis seej\u00e4rel implanteeriti kandidaatrakku, mis p\u00e4rast seda osutus t\u00e4ielikult eluj\u00f5uliseks ja s\u00e4ilitas v\u00f5ime iseennast taas toota.<\/p>\n

Uus uuring j\u00e4tkab Craigeri t\u00f6\u00f6d. Kui varem l\u00f5id teadlased reaalse organismi DNA digitaalmodeli, mille p\u00f5hjal s\u00fcnteesisid nad molekuli, siis uus projekt viib asja edasi, kasutades originaalset DNA koodi. Teadlased t\u00f6\u00f6tasid selle oluliselt \u00fcmber, enne kui s\u00fcnteesisid ja testisid selle toimivust.<\/p>\n

Uurijad alustasid C. crescentus originaalgenoomist, mis sisaldab 4000 geeni. Nagu k\u00f5ikidel elusorganismidel, pole suurem osa neist geenidest mingit teavet ning need on \u00abpr\u00fcgi DNA\u00bb. Anal\u00fc\u00fcsi tulemusena j\u00f5udsid teadlased j\u00e4reldusele, et vaid umbes 680 neist on vajalikud bakterite elu toetamiseks laboris.<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast \u00abpr\u00fcgi DNA\u00bb eemaldamist ja C. crescentus miinimumgenoomi saamist j\u00e4tkas meeskond oma t\u00f6\u00f6d. Elusorganismide DNA-le on iseloomulik sisemine \u00fcleliigsus, kus sama valgu s\u00fcntees on kodeeritud erinevate geenidega mitmetes ahelate osades. Uurijad asendasid \u00fcle 1\/6 800 000 DNA t\u00e4hem\u00e4rgist optimiseerimise k\u00e4igus, et eemaldada dubleeriv kood.<\/p>\n

\u201eMeie algoritmi abil kirjutasime genoomi t\u00e4ielikult uude DNA t\u00e4hem\u00e4rkide j\u00e4rjestusse, mis enam ei sarnanenud algsele,\u201c \u00fctleb Bit Kristen, uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 kaasautor. \u201eBioloogiline funktsioon valgu s\u00fcnteesi tasandil j\u00e4i muutumatuks.\u201c<\/p>\n

Testimaks, kas saadud ahel t\u00f6\u00f6tab korralikult elavas rakus, kasvatasid teadlased bakterite t\u00fcve, mille DNA-s olid nii loomulik Caulobacter genoom kui ka kunstlikku genoomi segmendid. Teaduslikud t\u00f6\u00f6tajad l\u00fclitasid v\u00e4lja individuaalsed looduslikud geenid ja testisid, kas nende kunstlikud analoogid suudavad t\u00e4ita sama bioloogilist rolli. Tulemused olid muljetavaldavad: umbes 580 680-st kunstlikust geenist osutusid toimivaks.<\/p>\n

\u201eSaadud teadmiste p\u00f5hjal saame oma algoritmi edasi arendada ja luua uue genoomi versiooni 3.0,\u201c \u00fctleb Kristen. \u201eMe usume, et l\u00e4hitulevikus suudame luua elavaid bakterirakke, millel on t\u00e4ielikult s\u00fcnteetiline genoom.\u201c<\/p>\n

Esimeses etapis aitavad sellised uuringud geneetikutel testida oma teadmiste \u00f5igsust DNA ja \u00fcksikute geenide rolli m\u00f5istmisel, kuna igasugune viga ahela s\u00fcnteesimisel viib selleni, et uue genoomiga organism sureb v\u00f5i on puudu. Tulevikus viivad need s\u00fcnteetiliste mikroorganismide tekkimiseni, mis luuakse etten\u00e4htud \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmiseks. Kunstlikud viirused suudavad v\u00f5idelda oma looduslike sugulastega ning spetsiaalsed bakterid toodavad vitamiine v\u00f5i ravimeid.<\/p>\n

Uuring avaldati ajakirjas PNAS.<\/p>\n

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Allikas: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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