{"id":31079,"date":"2019-10-31T21:39:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:39:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/tcp-steganografiya-ili-kak-skryt-peredachu-dannyh-v-internete\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:39:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:39:19","slug":"tcp-steganografiya-ili-kak-skryt-peredachu-dannyh-v-internete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/tcp-steganografiya-ili-kak-skryt-peredachu-dannyh-v-internete","title":{"rendered":"TCP steganograafia v\u00f5i kuidas varjata andmete edastamist internetis","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TCP steganograafia v\u00f5i kuidas varjata andmete edastamist internetis\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/76394601e74dfc001e6ebda694bc5491.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPoola teadlased pakkusid v\u00e4lja uue meetodi v\u00f5rgu steganograafia jaoks, mis p\u00f5hineb laialdaselt kasutatava TCP transpordi protokolli omadustel. T\u00f6\u00f6 autorid usuvad, et nende skeemi saab kasutada n\u00e4iteks varjatud s\u00f5numite edastamiseks totalitaarsetes riikides, kus kehtib ranged internetitsensuur. Proovime v\u00e4lja selgitada, milles see uuendus seisneb ja kui kasulik see tegelikult on.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Esiteks tuleb v\u00e4lja selgitada, mis on steganograafia. Seega, steganograafia on teadus varjatud s\u00f5numite edastamisest. See t\u00e4hendab, et selle meetodeid kasutades p\u00fc\u00fcavad osalised varjata <b>selle edastamise fakti<\/b>. Just see eristab seda teadust kr\u00fcptograafiast, mis p\u00fc\u00fcab <b>teate sisu lugemise eest kaitsmisega<\/b>. Tuleb m\u00e4rkida, et professionaalne kr\u00fcptograafide kogukond suhtub steganografiasse pigem p\u00f5lguselt, kuna selle ideoloogia on l\u00e4hedane \u00abSecurity through obscurity\u00bb (kindel ei tea, kuidas see vene keeles k\u00f5lab, midagi sellist nagu \u00abOhutus teadmiste puudumise t\u00f5ttu\u00bb). Seda p\u00f5him\u00f5tet n\u00e4iteks kasutab Skype Inc. \u2014 populaarse k\u00f5nesoftware allika kood on suletud ja keegi ei tea t\u00e4pselt, kuidas andmete kr\u00fcpteerimine toimib. Hiljuti kaebas sellest ka NSA, mille kohta kuulus spetsialist Bruce Schneier <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.schneier.com\/blog\/archives\/2009\/02\/nsa_wants_help.html\">kirjutas<\/a><\/noindex> oma blogis. <\/p>\n<p>Tagsides, kui minna tagasi steganograafiasse, vastame k\u00fcsimusele, miks see \u00fcldse vajalik on, kui on olemas kr\u00fcptograafia. T\u00f5epoolest, saate s\u00f5numi kindlustada m\u00f5ne kaasaegse algoritmiga ja piisavalt pika v\u00f5tmega ei saa keegi seda lugeda, kui te ise seda ei soovi. Sellegipoolest v\u00f5ib m\u00f5nikord olla kasulikum varjata isegi salajase edastamise fakti. N\u00e4iteks, kui vastavad ametiasutused on teie kr\u00fcptitud s\u00f5numi kinni p\u00fc\u00fcdnud, ei saa nad seda dekr\u00fcpteerida, kuid nad soovivad kindlasti teada, mis seal sees on. L\u00f5ppkokkuv\u00f5ttes on olemas ka mittearvutiga meetodeid teabe hankimiseks ja m\u00f5jutamiseks. See k\u00f5lab d\u00fcstoopiliselt, kuid n\u00f5ustuge, et see on p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt v\u00f5imalik. Seet\u00f5ttu oleks parem teha nii, et need, kellele see ei ole etten\u00e4htud, ei teadnud \u00fcldse, et edastamine toimus. Poola teadlased on just v\u00e4lja pakkunud sellise meetodi. Ja nad soovivad seda teha protokolli abil, mida iga internetikasutaja kasutab tuhat korda p\u00e4evas.<\/p>\n<p>Siin oleme l\u00e4henenud Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) m\u00f5istmisele. Selle p\u00f5hjalike detailide selgitamine ei ole ilmselt vajalik - see on pikk ja igav, ning need, kellele see huvi pakub, teavad seda nagunii. L\u00fchidalt v\u00f5ib \u00f6elda, et TCP on transpordikiht (st t\u00f6\u00f6tab \"IP-i\" kohal ja rakenduse protokollide, nagu HTTP, FTP v\u00f5i SMTP, all), mis tagab andmete usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rse edastamise saatjalt vastuv\u00f5tjale. Usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne edastus t\u00e4hendab, et kui m\u00f5ni pakett kaob v\u00f5i saab muutuste t\u00f5ttu k\u00e4tte, hoolitseb TCP, et see pakett uuesti edastataks. Tulemuste muutmine t\u00e4hendab siin mitte tahtlikku andmete moonutamist, vaid t\u00f5rkeid edastuse k\u00e4igus f\u00fc\u00fcsilisel tasandil. N\u00e4iteks, kui pakett kulgeb l\u00e4bi vaskkaablite, v\u00f5ivad m\u00f5ned bitid oma v\u00e4\u00e4rtused vastupidiseks muuta v\u00f5i kaduda signaalih\u00e4irete keskel (\u00fcldiselt v\u00f5etakse Etherneti puhul Bit Error Rate-iks v\u00e4\u00e4rtuseks ligikaudu 10-8). Pakettide kaotamine teel on internetis ka suhteliselt sage n\u00e4htus. See v\u00f5ib juhtuda n\u00e4iteks marsruuterite \u00fclekoormuse t\u00f5ttu, mis p\u00f5hjustab puhverdamise \u00fclevoolu ja seet\u00f5ttu l\u00f5petatakse uute pakettide vastuv\u00f5tt. \u00dcldiselt on kaotatud pakettide osakaal umbes 0,1%, ja kui see t\u00f5useb paarik\u00fcmne protsendini, lakkab TCP normaalne toimimine - kasutaja kogeb t\u00f5siseid viivitusi.<\/p>\n<p>Nii n\u00e4eme, et pakettide edastamine (rets\u00fckkel) on TCP jaoks sageli vajalik ja kasulik. Miks mitte kasutada seda steganograafia vajaduste tarbeks, kuna TCP-d, nagu eelnevalt mainitud, kasutatakse laialdaselt (erinevate hinnangute kohaselt ulatub TCP osakaal internetis 80-95% -ni). Ettepaneku meetodi olemus seisneb selles, et edastatavas s\u00f5numis saadetakse mitte seda, mis oli algses paketis, vaid need andmed, mida me \u00fcritame varjata. Samuti ei ole sellise asenduse tuvastamine sugugi lihtne. Peab teadma, kuhu vaadata - koos TCP \u00fchenduste arv, mis l\u00e4bivad pakkujat, on lihtsalt tohutu. Kui tead vahepealset edastuse taset, siis saab seadistada steganograafilise edastuse mehhanismi nii, et teie \u00fchendust ei saaks teiste omadest eristada. <\/p>\n<p>Muidugi pole see meetod puudustest vabastatud. N\u00e4iteks praktiliselt on selle rakendamine keeruline \u2014 see n\u00f5uab operatsioonis\u00fcsteemides v\u00f5rgustiku stacki muutmist, ehkki midagi \u00fclem\u00e4\u00e4ra keerulist selles ei ole. Lisaks, kui ressursse on piisavalt, on siiski v\u00f5imalik avastada \u201esalajasi\u201c pakette, selleks tuleb iga paketti v\u00f5rgus vaadata ja anal\u00fc\u00fcsida. Kuid reeglina on see peaaegu v\u00f5imatu, seet\u00f5ttu otsitakse tavaliselt midagi eristuvat pakettide ja \u00fchenduste seas, ning pakutud meetod teeb just teie \u00fchenduse tavaliseks. Ja ei keegi ei sega teid salajaste andmete kr\u00fcpteerimisel igaks juhuks. Samas v\u00f5ib \u00fchendus j\u00e4\u00e4da kr\u00fcpteerimata, et tekitada v\u00e4hem kahtlusi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f6\u00f6 autorid (muuseas, kellele huvi pakub, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0905.0363\">siin on<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00e4itavad simuleerimistest, et pakutud meetod t\u00f6\u00f6tab nagu plaanitud. V\u00f5ib-olla tegeleb keegi tulevikus nende idee rakendamisega praktikas. Ja siis, loodetavasti, v\u00e4heneb internetis natuke tsensuuri.<br \/>\n<br \/>Allikas: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/60726\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f TCP. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e. \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/tcp-steganografiya-ili-kak-skryt-peredachu-dannyh-v-internete\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" 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