{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Ajus elektriline stimuleerimine aitas eakate m\u00e4lul noortega sammu pidada","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Alates depressiooni ravimisest kuni Parkinsoni haiguse tagaj\u00e4rgede v\u00e4hendamiseni ja vegetatiivses seisundis patsientide \u00e4ratamiseni omab ajus stimuleerimine elektrivooluga tohutut potentsiaali. \u00dcks uus uuring suunas oma pingutused kognitiivsete v\u00f5imete languse peatamisele, parandades m\u00e4lu ja \u00f5ppimisv\u00f5imet. Boston University teadlaste l\u00e4bi viidud eksperiment n\u00e4itas mitteinvasiivset tehnikat, mis suudab taastada t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lu 70-aastastel eakatel inimestel nii efektiivselt, et see ei j\u00e4\u00e4 20-aastastele alla.<\/p>\n

Paljuski aju stimuleerimise uuringud kasutavad elektroode, mis on implanteeritud teatud ajupiirkondadesse elektriliste impulse edastamiseks. Seda protseduuri tuntakse kui \"s\u00fcgavat\" v\u00f5i \"otsest\" aju stimuleerimist ning sellel on oma eelised t\u00e4nu t\u00e4psele m\u00f5ju sihtimisel. Siiski on elektroodide paigaldamine ajju piisavalt ebapraktiline, kuna sellega kaasnevad teatud riskid p\u00f5letike v\u00f5i nakatumiste t\u00f5ttu, kui k\u00f5iki operatsioonin\u00f5udeid ei j\u00e4rgita.<\/p>\n

Alternatiiviks on kaudne stimuleerimine mitteinvasiivse (ilma operatsioonita) meetodiga elektroodide kaudu, mis asuvad peanahal, v\u00f5imaldades selliseid protseduure isegi kodus teostada. Just sellist meetodit otsustas kasutada Rob Reinhart, Boston University neurobioloog, p\u00fc\u00fcdes parandada vanemate inimeste m\u00e4lu, mis vanuse suurenedes tavaliselt n\u00f5rgeneb.<\/p>\n

\"Ajus
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

K\u00fcsimus on t\u00e4psemalt selles, et tema eksperimentide keskmes oli t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lu, mis aktiveerub n\u00e4iteks siis, kui me meenutame, et peame toidupoest midagi tooma, v\u00f5i p\u00fc\u00fcame leida auto v\u00f5tmeid. Reinharti s\u00f5nul v\u00f5ib t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lu hakata halvenema juba 30. eluaastal, kuna erinevad ajupiirkonnad hakkavad kaotama oma kooseksisteerimise ja muutuvad v\u00e4hem \u00fchtlasteks. Kui me j\u00f5uame 60 v\u00f5i 70 aastani, v\u00f5ib see koost\u00f6\u00f6puudumine viia m\u00e4rgatava kognitiivsete funktsioonide v\u00e4henemiseni.<\/p>\n

Teadlane avastas viisi, kuidas taastada kahjustatud neuronite \u00fchendused. Meetod p\u00f5hineb kahe elemendi t\u00f6\u00f6tlusel ajus. Esimene on \"seondumine\", kus erinevad ajupiirkonnad aktiveeruvad kindlas j\u00e4rjestuses, nagu h\u00e4\u00e4lestatud orkester. Teine on \"s\u00fcnkroniseerimine\", kus madalamad r\u00fctmid, tuntud kui teeta-r\u00fctmid ja mis on seotud hipokampusega, s\u00fcnkroniseeritakse \u00f5igesti. Need kaks funktsiooni halvenevad vanusega ja m\u00f5jutavad m\u00e4lu toimimist.<\/p>\n

\"Ajus<\/p>\n

Oma eksperimentaalses uuringus kaasas Reinhart noorte inimeste grupi, kelle vanus oli umbes 20 aastat, ning vanemate inimeste grupi vanuses 60 kuni 70 aastat. Iga grupp pidi sooritama rida kindlaid \u00fclesandeid, mis h\u00f5lmavad pildikontrolli, pausi ja teise pildi vaatamise, seej\u00e4rel tuli meelde tuletada nende vahelisi erinevusi.<\/p>\n

Pole \u00fcllatav, et noorem eksperimentaalgrupp saavutas oluliselt paremaid tulemusi kui vanem. Kuid seej\u00e4rel kasutas Reinhart 25 minutit \u00f5rna aju koore stimuleerimist vanemate inimeste puhul impulssidega, mis olid kohandatud iga patsiendi n\u00e4rvi kontuuride j\u00e4rgi vastavalt ajukoore piirkonnale, mis vastutab t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lu eest. P\u00e4rast seda j\u00e4tkasid grupid \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmist ning t\u00e4itmise t\u00e4psuse vahe nende vahel kadus. Efekt p\u00fcsis v\u00e4hemalt 50 minutit p\u00e4rast stimuleerimist. Veelgi enam, Reinhart avastas, et ta suudab parandada m\u00e4lu funktsiooni isegi noorte seas, kes ei olnud \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmisega h\u00e4sti hakkama saanud.<\/p>\n

\"Oleme avastanud, et 20-aastased katsealused, kes seisid silmitsi \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmise raskustega, suudavad samuti saada kasu t\u00e4pselt samast stimuleerimisest,\" \u00fctleb Reinhart. \"Suurendasime nende t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lu, isegi kui nad ei olnud \u00fcle 60 v\u00f5i 70 aasta vanad.\"<\/p>\n

Reinhart loodab j\u00e4tkata uurimist, kuidas ajustimulatsioon v\u00f5ib parandada inimese aju t\u00f6\u00f6v\u00f5imet, eriti Alzheimeri t\u00f5ve all kannatavate inimeste jaoks.<\/p>\n

\"See avab uusi v\u00f5imalusi teadusuuringuteks ja raviks,\" \u00fctleb ta. \"Ja me oleme selle \u00fcle v\u00e4ga \u00f5nnelikud.\"<\/p>\n

Uuring ilmus ajakirjas Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Allikas: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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