{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Elektriline ajut\u00f5uge aitas eakate inimeste m\u00e4lul noortega sammu pidada","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Alates depressiooni ravimisest kuni Parkinsoni haiguse tagaj\u00e4rgede leevendamiseni ja vegetatiivsesse seisundisse langenud patsientide \u00e4ratamiseni, omab aju stimulatsioon elektrilise vooluga tohutut potentsiaali. \u00dcks uus uuring keskendub kognitiivsete v\u00f5imete languse peatamisele, parandades m\u00e4lu ja \u00f5pik\u00e4sitlust. Boston University teadlaste viidatud katse n\u00e4itas mitteinvasiivset tehnikat, mis suudab taastada t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lestust 70-aastaste eakate seas, nii et see ei j\u00e4\u00e4 20-aastaste omast alla.<\/p>\n

Paljudes aju stimulatsiooni uuringutes kasutatakse elektrode, mis on implanteeritud ajukoe teatud osadesse elektriliste impulsside edastamiseks. Seda protseduuri nimetatakse \"s\u00fcva\" v\u00f5i \"otse\" aju stimulatsiooniks ning sellel on oma eelised t\u00e4nu t\u00e4pselt suunatud m\u00f5jule. Siiski on elektroodide aju implanteerimine piisavalt ebat\u00f5hus ja sellega kaasnevad teatud p\u00f5letikulised v\u00f5i nakkuslikud riskid, kui k\u00f5ik operatiivnormid ei ole j\u00e4rgitud.<\/p>\n

Alternatiiviks on mitteinvasiivne stimulatsioon, mille puhul kasutatakse elektrode, mis asuvad peanahal, v\u00f5imaldades selliseid manipulatsioone teha isegi kodus. Just sellest meetodist otsustas ammutada Rob Reinhardt, Boston University neurobioloog, p\u00fc\u00fcdes parandada eakate inimeste m\u00e4lu, mis vanusega tavaliselt n\u00f5rgeneb.<\/p>\n

\"Elektriline
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

Konkreetsemalt keskendus tema katsed t\u00e4ielikult t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lule, mis aktiveerub n\u00e4iteks siis, kui me meenutame, mida poest osta v\u00f5i p\u00fc\u00fcame leida auto v\u00f5tmeid. Reinhardi s\u00f5nul v\u00f5ib t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lu hakata halvenema juba 30. eluaastal, kuna aju erinevad osad hakkavad kaotama oma sidususe ja muutuvad v\u00e4hem koordineerituks. Kui me j\u00f5uame 60 v\u00f5i 70 aastani, v\u00f5ivad need koordineerimatuse probleemid viia kognitiivsete funktsioonide m\u00e4rgatava v\u00e4henemiseni.<\/p>\n

Teadlane avastas viisi, kuidas taastada kahjustatud neuronite vahelisi sidemeid. Meetod p\u00f5hineb kahe aju funktsiooni t\u00f6\u00f6l. Esimene \u2014 \u201ek\u00f5rvaldamine\u201d, kui erinevad ajuosad aktiveeruvad kindlas j\u00e4rjestuses, nagu h\u00e4sti h\u00e4\u00e4lestatud orkester. Teine \u2014 \u201es\u00fcnkroniseerimine\u201d, kui aeglasemad r\u00fctmid, tuntud kui teeta-r\u00fctmid ja seotud hipokampusega, s\u00fcnkroniseeritakse n\u00f5uetekohaselt. M\u00f5lemad funktsioonid halvenevad vanusega ning m\u00f5jutavad m\u00e4lu t\u00f6\u00f6d.<\/p>\n

\"Elektriline<\/p>\n

Katses osales Reinhardti kaasatud noorte inimeste grupp vanuses umbes 20 aastat, samuti eakate seas vanuses 60 kuni 70 aastat. Iga r\u00fchm pidi t\u00e4itma mitmeid konkreetseid \u00fclesandeid, mis h\u00f5lmasid pildi vaatamist, pausi, teise pildi vaatamist ja seej\u00e4rel m\u00e4lu j\u00e4rgi erinevuste tuvastamist.<\/p>\n

Pole \u00fcllatav, et noorem katsegrupp saavutas oluliselt paremaid tulemusi kui vanem. Kuid seej\u00e4rel rakendas Reinhardt 25-minutilist \u00f5rna stimulatsiooni eakate ajukoorele, kasutades impulsse, mis oli kohandatud iga patsiendi n\u00e4rviringiga vastavalt r\u00f6\u00f6vikule, mis vastutab t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lestuse eest. P\u00e4rast seda j\u00e4tkasid r\u00fchmad \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmist, ja nende t\u00e4itmise t\u00e4psuse vahe kadus. Efekt kestis v\u00e4hemalt 50 minutit p\u00e4rast stimulatsiooni. Veelgi enam, Reinhardt leidis, et ta suudab m\u00e4lu funktsiooni parandada isegi noortel, kes ei olnud \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmisega h\u00e4sti toime tulnud.<\/p>\n

\"Oleme avastanud, et 20-aastased katseisikud, kellel oli \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmisega raskusi, suutsid samuti saada kasu samasugusest stimulatsioonist,\" \u00fctles Reinhardt. \"Suutsime parandada nende t\u00f6\u00f6m\u00e4lu isegi siis, kui nad ei olnud 60 v\u00f5i 70 aastat vanad.\"<\/p>\n

Reinhardt loodab j\u00e4tkata uurimist, kuidas aju stimulatsioon v\u00f5ib parandada inimese aju t\u00f6\u00f6d, eriti Alzheimeri t\u00f5vega patsientide jaoks.<\/p>\n

\"See avab uusi v\u00f5imalusi teadus- ja raviprotsessidele,\" \u00fctleb ta. \"Ja me oleme sellest v\u00e4ga elevil.\"<\/p>\n

Uuring on avaldatud ajakirjas Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Allikas: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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