{"id":32111,"date":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","slug":"nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","title":{"rendered":"Loogika teadus programmeerimises","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Loogika teadus programmeerimises\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3f4ea4ccd01e4dd17cb9348e35b80752.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>See artikkel k\u00e4sitleb saksa filosoofi Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegeli teose \"Loogika teadus\" loogiliste olemuste v\u00f5rdlevat anal\u00fc\u00fcsi nende analoogidega v\u00f5i nende puudumisega programmeerimises.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Olemused teosest \"Loogika teadus\" on eristatud kursiivis, et v\u00e4ltida segadust nende s\u00f5nade \u00fcldtunnustatud m\u00e4\u00e4ratlustega.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"chistoe-bytie\">Puhas olemine<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kui avate m\u00e4\u00e4ratluse <em>puhas olemine<\/em> Raamatust leiate huvitava lause \"ilma edasise m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemiseta\". Kuid neile, kes ei ole lugenud v\u00f5i ei saanud aru, \u00e4rge kiirustage autorit dementsioonis s\u00fc\u00fcdistama. <em>Puhas olemine<\/em> \u2014 see on Hegeli loogikas p\u00f5him\u00f5iste, mis t\u00e4hendab, et m\u00f5ni ese eksisteerib, palun \u00e4rge segage seda objekti olemasoluga, ese ei pruugi reaalsuses eksisteerida, kuid kui me oleme selle meie loogikas kuidagi m\u00e4\u00e4ratlenud, siis ta on. Kui te sellele m\u00f5tleksite, siis t\u00f5epoolest sellistele asjadele nagu <em>puhas olemine<\/em> pole v\u00f5imalik m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud, ja iga selline katse viib teid lihtsalt selle s\u00fcnon\u00fc\u00fcmidele v\u00f5i anton\u00fc\u00fcmidele viitamisele. <em>Puhas olemine<\/em> on nii abstraktne m\u00f5isted, et seda saab rakendada absoluutselt millelegi, sealhulgas endale. M\u00f5nedes objektorienteeritud keeltes on v\u00f5imalik esitada objektina k\u00f5ike, sealhulgas toimingud objektidega, mis p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt annab meile sellise abstraktsiooni taseme. Siiski pole programmeerimises otsest analooge <em>puhtale olemisele<\/em> ei ole. Asemise kontrollimiseks peame kontrollima selle puudumist.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">if(obj != null);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>On kummaline, et sellist s\u00fcntaktilist kommid veel ei ole, arvestades, et see kontroll on \u00fcsna populaarne.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nichto\">Mitte miski<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kuidas oleks v\u00f5inud arvata <em>mitte miski<\/em> on millegi puudumine. Ja selle analoogiks v\u00f5ib pidada NULL'i. Tasub m\u00e4rkida, et teaduslikes loogikates <em>mitte miski<\/em> on <em>puhas olemine<\/em>, sest see on samuti olemas. Selles seisneb m\u00f5ningane seadistus, et NULL-i ei saa me kellekski objekti, \u00fckski keeles, kuigi sisuliselt on see samuti objekt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"stanovlenie-i-momenty\">Tekkimine ja hetked<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Tekkimine<\/em> on \u00fcleminek <em>mitte miski<\/em> ja <em>olemusest<\/em> ja <em>olemusest<\/em> ja <em>mitte miski<\/em>. See annab meile kaks <em>hetke<\/em>, esimene nimetatakse <em>ilmumiseks<\/em>, ja teine <em>\u00fchendamiseks<\/em>. <em>\u00dchendamine<\/em> on nimetatud nii kadumise asemel, kuna loogiline olemus ei saa sisuliselt kaduda, v\u00e4lja arvatud juhul, kui me oleme selle unustanud. <em>Vaba valimine<\/em> protseduur, mida v\u00f5ib nimetada m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks. Kui me algatame objekti, toimub <em>hetk, mil see tekib<\/em>, ja kui m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse teine v\u00e4\u00e4rtus v\u00f5i NULL <em>hetk, mil see kaob<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">obj = new object(); \/\/tekimine\nobj = null; \/\/kaob<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nalichnoe-bytie\">olemine<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kokkuv\u00f5ttes <em>olemine<\/em> \u2014 see on objekt, millel ei ole selget m\u00e4\u00e4ratlust, kuid mis omab <em>m\u00e4\u00e4ratletavust<\/em>. Mida see t\u00e4hendab. Kanoniliseks n\u00e4iteks on tavaline tool. Kui proovite sellele selge m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemise anda, seisate silmitsi paljude raskustega. N\u00e4iteks \u00fctlete: \"see on m\u00f6\u00f6blieseme, mis on m\u00f5eldud istumiseks\", kuid ka tugitool on selleks loodud jne. Kuid selge m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemise puudumine ei takista meid seda ruumis eristamast ja selle kohta teabe edastamisel kasutamast, sest meie peas on <em>m\u00e4\u00e4ratletavust<\/em> toolist. V\u00f5ib-olla on m\u00f5ned juba aru saanud, et selliste objektide eristamiseks andmevoogust loodi n\u00e4rviv\u00f5rgud. N\u00e4rviv\u00f5rku saab m\u00e4\u00e4ratleda kui funktsiooni, mis m\u00e4\u00e4rab selle <em>m\u00e4\u00e4ratletavust<\/em>, kuid selliseid objekte, mis h\u00f5lmavad endas lihtsaid ja ebaselgeid m\u00e4\u00e4ratlusi, ei eksisteeri, seega ei saa neid objekte kasutada \u00fchel abstraktsioonitasemel.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"zakon-perehoda-kolichestvennyh-izmeneniy-v-kachestvennye\">Kvantitatiivsete muutuste \u00fclemineku seadus kvalitatiivseteks<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>See seadus s\u00f5nastati Friedrich Engelsi poolt Hegeli loogika t\u00f5lgendamise tulemusel. Siiski, seda v\u00f5ib t\u00e4iesti selgelt n\u00e4ha esimeses osas peat\u00fckis, mis k\u00e4sitleb <em>m\u00f5\u00f5tu<\/em>. Selle sisu seisneb selles, et <em>kvantitatiivsed<\/em> muutused objektis v\u00f5ivad m\u00f5jutada selle <em>kvaliteeti<\/em>. N\u00e4iteks, meil on j\u00e4\u00e4objekt, mille temperatuur suurenedes muutub vedelikuks ja muudab oma <em>kvaliteete<\/em>. Sellise k\u00e4itumise rakendamiseks objektis on olemas disainimuster \"Oleku\". Sellise lahenduse tekkimist on p\u00f5hjustanud asjaolu, et programmeerimises on puudunud selline m\u00f5isted nagu <em>alus<\/em> jaoks <em>objekti tekkele.<\/em> See m\u00e4\u00e4rab tingimused, milles objekt v\u00f5ib tekkida, ja algoritmis otsustame ise, millal me peame objekti initsialiseerima. <em>Rajatis<\/em> Kui see teave on huvitav, teen ma \u00fclevaate teistest olenditest \"Logika teadusest\".<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>PS:<\/strong> Kui see teave on huvitav, siis teen \u00fclevaate teistest olemustest teosest \"Loogika teadus\".<\/p>\n<p>Allikas: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448948\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044f &#171;\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438&#187; \u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 &#171;\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438&#187; \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0412\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 &#171;\u0431\u0435\u0437 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:45:14+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:45:14+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Logika teadus programmeerimises | ProHoster","description":"\ud83e\udd47Logika teadus programmeerimises | ProHoster","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:45:14+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:45:14+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"32111","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 09:19:48","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 03:04:40","updated":"2026-01-21 09:19:48","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32111"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32111\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}