{"id":32111,"date":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","slug":"nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","title":{"rendered":"Loogika teadus programmeerimises","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Loogika teadus programmeerimises\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3f4ea4ccd01e4dd17cb9348e35b80752.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Antud artikkel k\u00e4sitleb Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegeli teose \"Loogika teaduse\" loogiliste olemuste v\u00f5rdlevat anal\u00fc\u00fcsi nende analoogide v\u00f5i nende puudumisega programmeerimises.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Teose \"Loogika teaduse\" olemused on kursiivis, et v\u00e4ltida segadust nende s\u00f5nade \u00fcldtuntud m\u00e4\u00e4ratlustega.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"chistoe-bytie\">Puhas olemine<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kui avate m\u00e4\u00e4ratluse <em>puhta olemise<\/em> Raamatus n\u00e4ete huvitavat lauset \"ilma edasise m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemiseta\". Kuid need, kes ei ole lugenud v\u00f5i ei ole aru saanud, \u00e4rge s\u00fc\u00fcdistage autorit dementsuses. <em>Puhas olemine<\/em> \u2014 see on Hegeli loogika p\u00f5hikontseptsioon, mis t\u00e4hendab, et mingi objekt eksisteerib; palun \u00e4rge segage seda objekti olemasoluga \u2014 objekt v\u00f5ib reaalsuses mitte eksisteerida, kuid kui me oleme seda mingil moel meie loogikas m\u00e4\u00e4ratlenud, siis see on olemas. Kui te m\u00f5tleksite, siis t\u00f5epoolest, sellistele asjadele nagu <em>puhta olemise<\/em> ei saa anda m\u00e4\u00e4ratlust, ning iga selline katse viib paratamatult selleni, et teil tuleb lihtsalt viidata selle s\u00fcnon\u00fc\u00fcmidele v\u00f5i anton\u00fc\u00fcmidele. <em>Puhas olemine<\/em> on nii abstraktne m\u00f5isted, et seda saab rakendada absoluutselt millegile, sealhulgas ka iseendale. M\u00f5nedes objektorienteeritud keeltes on v\u00f5imalik esitada objektina k\u00f5ike, sealhulgas operatsioone objektidega, mis annab meile sellise abstraktsiooni taseme. Kuid programmeerimises ei ole otsest analooge. <em>puhta olemisega<\/em> ei ole. Objektide eksistentsi kontrollimiseks peame kontrollima nende puudumist.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">if(obj != null);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>On imelik, et sellist s\u00fcntaksit veel ei ole, arvestades, et see kontroll on \u00fcsna populaarne.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nichto\">Ei midagi<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kuidas saaks arva <em>ei midagi<\/em> on millegi puudumise. Selle analoogiks v\u00f5ib pidada NULL. Tuleb m\u00e4rkida, et loogikas <em>ei midagi<\/em> on <em>on puhas olemine<\/em>, sest see on samuti olemas. Sellest tuleneb teatav probleem, sest me ei saa NULL-ile \u00fchegi keeles objektina viidata, kuigi tegelikult on see samuti objekt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"stanovlenie-i-momenty\">Saamine ja hetked<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Saamine<\/em> \u2014 see on \u00fcleminek <em>ei midagi<\/em> \u00fches <em>olemusest<\/em> ja <em>olemusest<\/em> \u00fches <em>ei midagi<\/em>. See annab meile kaks <em>hetke<\/em>, esimene nimega <em>ilmumine<\/em>, ja teine <em>\u00fclemineku<\/em>. <em>\u00dcleminek<\/em> nimetatakse nii kadumise asemel, kuna loogiline olemus ei saa p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt kaduda, kui me seda ei unusta. <em>Eemaldamine<\/em> saab nimetada m\u00e4\u00e4ramise protseduuriks. Kui me loome objekti, toimub <em>tekke moment<\/em>, aga kui m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse teine v\u00e4\u00e4rtus v\u00f5i NULL <em>lahkumise hetk<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">obj = new object(); \/\/teke\nobj = null; \/\/lahkumine<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nalichnoe-bytie\">olemasolev olemine<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kokkuv\u00f5ttes <em>olemasolev olemine<\/em> \u2014 see on objekt, millel ei ole selget m\u00e4\u00e4ratlust, kuid see omab <em>m\u00e4\u00e4ratletust<\/em>. Mis see t\u00e4hendab. Kanoniline n\u00e4ide on tavaline tool. Kui proovite sellele selget m\u00e4\u00e4ratlust anda, siis kohtate mitmeid keerukusi. N\u00e4iteks \u00fctlete: \"see on m\u00f6\u00f6blieseme, mis on m\u00f5eldud istumiseks\", kuid ka tugitool on selleks loodud jne. Kuid selge m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemise puudumine ei takista meil seda ruumis eristamast ja selle kohta teabe edastamisel kasutamast, see on seet\u00f5ttu, et meie peas on <em>m\u00e4\u00e4ratletust<\/em> tool. V\u00f5imalik, et m\u00f5ned on juba m\u00f5istnud, et selliste objektide v\u00e4lja eraldamiseks andmevoost loodi n\u00e4rviv\u00f5rgud. N\u00e4rviv\u00f5rku saab m\u00e4\u00e4ratleda funktsioonina, mis m\u00e4\u00e4rab selle <em>m\u00e4\u00e4ratletust<\/em>, kuid objekti viise, mis h\u00f5lmavad nii selgeid kui ka h\u00e4guseid m\u00e4\u00e4ratlusi, ei eksisteeri, seega ei saa selliseid objekte kasutada \u00fchel abstraktsioonitasemel.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"zakon-perehoda-kolichestvennyh-izmeneniy-v-kachestvennye\">Kvantitatiivsete muutuste \u00fclemineku seadus kvalitatiivseteks muutusteks<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>See seadus formuleeriti Friedrich Engelsi poolt, t\u00f5lgendades Hegeli loogikat. Siiski v\u00f5ib seda t\u00e4iesti h\u00e4sti n\u00e4ha esimeses k\u00f6ites peat\u00fckis, mis k\u00e4sitleb <em>m\u00f5\u00f5det<\/em>. Selle tuum seisneb selles, et <em>kvantitatiivsed<\/em> muutused objektis v\u00f5ivad m\u00f5jutada selle <em>kvaliteeti<\/em>. N\u00e4iteks, meil on objekt j\u00e4\u00e4, mille temperatuur t\u00f5usmisel muutub see vedelaks veeks ja muudab oma <em>kvaliteedid<\/em>. Sellise k\u00e4itumise rakendamiseks objektis on olemas disainimuster \"Oleku\". Sellise lahenduse tekkimine on tingitud selliste asjade puudumisest programmeerimises nagu <em>alus<\/em> kuna <em>objekti tekkimise<\/em> protsess. <em>Foundation<\/em> m\u00e4\u00e4ra tingimused, mille korral objekt v\u00f5ib ilmuda, samas kui algoritmis otsustame ise, millal me objekti algsementimise vajaduse \u00fcle arutame.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>PS:<\/strong> Kui see teave on huvitav, siis teen ma \u00fclevaate teistest olemustest \"Loogika teadusest\".<\/p>\n<p>Allikas: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448948\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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