{"id":32239,"date":"2019-10-31T21:45:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-it-spetsialistu-pereehat-v-ssha-sravnenie-rabochih-viz-poleznye-servisy-i-ssylki-v-pomoshh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:45:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:49","slug":"kak-it-spetsialistu-pereehat-v-ssha-sravnenie-rabochih-viz-poleznye-servisy-i-ssylki-v-pomoshh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kak-it-spetsialistu-pereehat-v-ssha-sravnenie-rabochih-viz-poleznye-servisy-i-ssylki-v-pomoshh","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas IT-spetsialist saab USA-sse kolida: t\u00f6\u00f6lubade v\u00f5rdlus, kasulikud teenused ja lingid abiks","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kuidas IT-spetsialist saab USA-sse kolida: t\u00f6\u00f6lubade v\u00f5rdlus, kasulikud teenused ja lingid abiks\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/5460bc4d024db0d0ef7956016783dc0c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kohal <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/248249\/record-russians-say-leave-russia.aspx?g_source=link_NEWSV9&amp;g_medium=NEWSFEED&amp;g_campaign=item_&amp;g_content=Record%252020%2525%2520of%2520Russians%2520Say%2520They%2520Would%2520Like%2520to%2520Leave%2520Russia\">andmetele<\/a><\/noindex> Hiljutise Gallupi uuringu kohaselt on viimase 11 aasta jooksul kolmandiku v\u00f5rra kasvanud Venemaa kodanike arv, kes soovivad kolida teise riiki. Enamik neist (44%) on alla 29-aastased. Samuti n\u00e4itavad statistikad, et USA on \u00fcks venelaste k\u00f5ige soovitavamaid sihtkohti.<\/p>\n<p>Seet\u00f5ttu otsustasin koguda \u00fchte materjali andmed viisat\u00fc\u00fcpide kohta, mis sobivad IT-spetsialistidele (kujundajad, turundajad jne) ja ettev\u00f5tjatele, ning lisada lingid kasulikele teenustele teabe kogumiseks ja t\u00f5elistele juhtumitele kaasmaalastest, kellel on juba \u00f5nnestunud seda teed k\u00e4ia.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Viisat\u00fc\u00fcbi valik<\/h2>\n<p>\nIT-spetsialistidele ja ettev\u00f5tjatele sobivad k\u00f5ige paremini kolm viisat\u00fc\u00fcpi, mis annavad t\u00f6\u00f6tamise \u00f5iguse:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H1B<\/b> \u2013 standardne t\u00f6\u00f6tamisse viisa, mille saavad t\u00f6\u00f6tajad, kes on saanud pakkumise Ameerika ettev\u00f5ttelt. <\/li>\n<li><b>L1<\/b> \u2013 viisa, mis on m\u00f5eldud rahvusvaheliste ettev\u00f5tete t\u00f6\u00f6tajate sisemise \u00fcleviimise jaoks. Niiviisi liiguvad Ameerika ettev\u00f5tete t\u00f6\u00f6tajad mujalt maailmast USA-sse.<\/li>\n<li><b>O1<\/b> \u2013 viisa silmapaistvatele spetsialistidele oma valdkonnas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIgal neist variantidest on nii eelised kui ka puudused. <\/p>\n<h2>H1B: t\u00f6\u00f6andja abi ja kvoodid<\/h2>\n<p>\nInimesed, kellel ei ole USA kodakondsust ega elamisluba, peavad selle riigi t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks saama spetsiaalse viisa - H1B. Selle saamise eest hoolitseb t\u00f6\u00f6andja \u2013 tal tuleb koostada dokumentide pakett ja maksta erinevaid tasusid.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f6\u00f6taja jaoks on see suurep\u00e4rane \u2013 k\u00f5ik kulud katab ettev\u00f5te, see on v\u00e4ga mugav. On isegi spetsialiseeritud saite, nagu allikas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myvisajobs.com\/Reports\/2019-H1B-Visa-Sponsor.aspx\">MyVisaJobs<\/a><\/noindex>, millega saab leida ettev\u00f5tteid, mis k\u00f5ige aktiivsemalt kutsub t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid H1B viisa alusel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kuidas IT-spetsialist saab USA-sse kolida: t\u00f6\u00f6lubade v\u00f5rdlus, kasulikud teenused ja lingid abiks\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/44d1823a81c743436519806f8bdc7a45.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<i>Top-20 viisa sponsorit 2019. aasta andmete j\u00e4rgi<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Aga on \u00fcks puudus \u2013 mitte k\u00f5ik, kes on saanud pakkumise Ameerika ettev\u00f5ttelt, ei saa kohe t\u00f6\u00f6le tulla. <\/p>\n<p>H1B viisa on kvootidele, mis muutuvad igal aastal. N\u00e4iteks praeguse 2019. aasta fiskaalkvoot on vaid 65 000 viisa. Eelmisel aastal taotleti aga 199 000 viisat. Soovijaid on palju rohkem kui v\u00e4lja antavaid viisasid, seega toimub kandidaatidest loosi m\u00e4ng. Viimastel aastatel on v\u00f5imalus selles v\u00f5ita 1:3. <\/p>\n<p>Lisaks maksab viisa ja k\u00f5ik tasud t\u00f6\u00f6andjale mitte v\u00e4hem kui 10 000 dollarit, v\u00e4lja arvatud palga maksmine. Nii et sa pead olema v\u00e4ga v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslik t\u00f6\u00f6taja, et ettev\u00f5te nii palju vaeva n\u00e4eks ja riskiks ikkagi mitte n\u00e4ha t\u00f6\u00f6tajat riigis H1B loosis kaotamise t\u00f5ttu.<\/p>\n<h2>L1 viisa<\/h2>\n<p>\nM\u00f5ned suured Ameerika ettev\u00f5tted, millel on kontorid teistes riikides, v\u00e4ldivad H1B viisade piiranguid L-t\u00fc\u00fcpi viisade abil. Neil on mitmeid alamliike \u2013 \u00fcks on m\u00f5eldud k\u00f5rgjuhtide \u00fcleviimiseks, teine aga andekate t\u00f6\u00f6tajate (special knowledge worker) toimetamiseks USA-sse.<\/p>\n<p>Tavaliselt peab t\u00f6\u00f6taja, kes soovib kolida Ameerikasse ilma igasuguste kvootide v\u00f5i loosim\u00e4ngudeta, olema t\u00f6\u00f6tanud v\u00e4lismaalasena v\u00e4hemalt aasta. <\/p>\n<p>Selle skeemi kohaselt viivad andekaid spetsialiste Ameerika ettev\u00f5tted, nagu Google, Facebook ja Dropbox. N\u00e4iteks on levinud skeem, kus t\u00f6\u00f6taja t\u00f6\u00f6tab m\u00f5nda aega Iirimaa Dublinis ja seej\u00e4rel liigub San Franciscosse. <\/p>\n<p>Selle variandi miinused on ilmsed \u2013 pead olema v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslik t\u00f6\u00f6taja, et huvitada mitte mingit v\u00e4ikest alust, vaid ettev\u00f5tet, millel on kontorid erinevates riikides. Siis tuleb piirkondlikus kontoris pikka aega t\u00f6\u00f6tada ja alles siis kolida teise (Ameerikasse). Pereliikmetele v\u00f5ib see teatud takistusi esitada.<\/p>\n<h2>O1 viisa<\/h2>\n<p>\nSelle t\u00fc\u00fcpi viisa on m\u00f5eldud inimestele, kellel on oma valdkonnas \"erakordsed v\u00f5imed\". Varem kasutasid seda peamiselt loomeinimesed ja sportlased, kuid hiljem hakati seda \u00fcha enam vormistama IT-spetsialistide ja ettev\u00f5tjate poolt.<\/p>\n<p>Kandidaadi erakordsuse ja erilisuse m\u00e4\u00e4ramise aluseks on mitmed punktid, mille alusel peab ta esitama t\u00f5endavaid aineid. Seega, et O1 viisa saada, on vaja j\u00e4rgmist:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>professionaalsed auhinnad ja t\u00e4nukirjad;<\/li>\n<li>liikmelisus professionaalsetes assotsiatsioonides, kuhu v\u00f5etakse vastu mitteordinaarsed spetsialistid (mitte k\u00f5iki, kes v\u00f5ivad liikmemaksu maksta);<\/li>\n<li>v\u00f5idud professionaalsetes konkursites;<\/li>\n<li>osalemine \u017e\u00fcriis professionaalsetel konkurssidel (ilmselge autoriteet teiste professionaalide t\u00f6\u00f6de hindamisel);<\/li>\n<li>mainimised meedias (projektide kirjeldused, intervjuud) ja enda publikatsioonid erialastes v\u00f5i teaduslikes ajakirjades;<\/li>\n<li>oluline ametikoht suure ettev\u00f5tte juures;<\/li>\n<li>k\u00f5ik t\u00e4iendavad t\u00f5endid on samuti aktsepteeritavad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nOn selge, et selle viisa saamiseks on t\u00f5eliselt vajalik olla tugev spetsialist ja vastata v\u00e4hemalt m\u00f5nele \u00fclaltoodud kriteeriumile. Viisa miinusteks on selle raskus, t\u00f6\u00f6taja olemasolu, kelle nimel taotlus esitatakse, ja see, et t\u00f6\u00f6 vahetamine on keeruline \u2013 t\u00f6\u00f6le saab minna ainult sinna ettev\u00f5ttesse, kes esitas taotluse migrationiteenistusele.<\/p>\n<p>Peamine pluss on see, et see antakse 3 aastaks, ega mingeid kvoote ega muid piiranguid selle hoidjatele ei kohaldata.<\/p>\n<p>Reaalne O1 viisa juhtum on kirjeldatud HabrHabris <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/332658\/\">selles artiklis<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>Kogumine teave<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u00e4rast seda, kui olete v\u00e4lja selgitamise, milline viisa teile sobib, peate valmistuma kolimiseks. Lisaks internetiartiklite lugemisele on olemas rida teenuseid, mis v\u00f5imaldavad saada huvipakkuvat teavet esmak\u00e4est. Siin on kaks k\u00f5ige sagedamini mainitud avalikes allikates:<\/p>\n<h3><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/smilebright.media\/sb-relocate\">SB Relocate<\/a><\/noindex><\/h3>\n<p>\nKonsultatsiooniteenus, mis keskendub k\u00fcsimustele, kuidas kolida just Ameerikasse. K\u00f5ik on lihtne \u2013 veebisaidil on ligip\u00e4\u00e4s juristide kontrollitud dokumentidele, kus on samm-sammult kirjeldatud erinevate viisade saamist, v\u00f5i saab tellida andmete kogumist oma k\u00fcsimuste j\u00e4rgi. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kuidas IT-spetsialist saab USA-sse kolida: t\u00f6\u00f6lubade v\u00f5rdlus, kasulikud teenused ja lingid abiks\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/199975e96944d8eaa7ff55f9abdece0b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKasutaja esitab taotluse, kus ta n\u00e4itab huvipakkuvaid k\u00fcsimusi (alates viisa t\u00fc\u00fcbi valimise raskustest kuni t\u00f6\u00f6h\u00f5ive, ettev\u00f5tluse ja igap\u00e4evaeluga, nagu elukoha leidmine ja auto ostmine, k\u00fcsimusteni). Vastused saadakse videok\u00f5ne v\u00f5i tekstivormingus koos linkide ja ametlike dokumentide kommentaaridega \u2013 alates viisajuristidest kuni raamatupidajate ja kinnisvaramaakleriteni. K\u00f5ik need spetsialistid l\u00e4bivad valiku \u2013 kasutaja saab soovitusi spetsialistidelt, kellega teenuse meeskond on juba t\u00f6\u00f6tanud. <\/p>\n<p>Lisaks saavad kasutajad tellida isikliku br\u00e4ndingu teenuse \u2013 projekti meeskond aitab esitleda professionaalseid saavutusi suurtes venekeelsetes ja ingliskeelsetes v\u00e4ljaannetes \u2013 see on kasulik n\u00e4iteks \u00fclalmainitud O1 viisa vormistamiseks.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/poravalit.com\/\">Aeg lahkuda<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb <\/h3>\n<p>\nVeel \u00fcks konsultatsiooniteenus, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab veidi teistsuguse mudeli j\u00e4rgi. See on platvorm, kus kasutajad saavad leida ekspateid erinevatest riikidest ja isegi linnadest ning nendega konsulteerida. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kuidas IT-spetsialist saab USA-sse kolida: t\u00f6\u00f6lubade v\u00f5rdlus, kasulikud teenused ja lingid abiks\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/196b86db525699463adf5a80aa1d5149.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00e4rast vajaliku riigi ja kolimisviisi (t\u00f6\u00f6tamise viisa, \u00f5pingud jne) valimist kuvab s\u00fcsteem loetelu inimestest, kes on liikunud samal viisil. Konsultatsioonid v\u00f5ivad olla tasulised ja tasuta \u2013 see s\u00f5ltub konkreetse konsultandi soovidest. Suhtlemine toimub vestluses.<\/p>\n<p>Lisaks venekeelsete inimeste loodud konsultatsiooniteenustele on olemas ka kasulikke rahvusvahelisi teabeallikaid. Siin on k\u00f5ige kasulikum, professionaalidele, kes m\u00f5tlevad kolimisele: <\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.paysa.com\/salaries\">Paysa<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nTeenuse kaudu koondatakse andmeid tehnoloogia valdkonnas makstavate palkade kohta, mida pakuvad Ameerika ettev\u00f5tted. Selle saidi abil saab teada, kui palju makstakse programmeerijatele suurtes ettev\u00f5tetes, nagu Amazon, Facebook v\u00f5i Uber, ning v\u00f5rrelda inseneride palku eri osariikides ja linnades.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kuidas IT-spetsialist saab USA-sse kolida: t\u00f6\u00f6lubade v\u00f5rdlus, kasulikud teenused ja lingid abiks\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d2a8eeb7f968b17d6e7edefd6dbe2ff0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSamuti n\u00e4itab Paysa k\u00f5ige tulusamaid oskusi ja tehnoloogiaid. On v\u00f5imalik n\u00e4ha eri \u00fclikoolide l\u00f5petanute keskmisi palkasid \u2013 see funktsioon on kasulik neile, kes m\u00f5tlevad \u00f5pingute tegemisele Ameerikas tuleviku karj\u00e4\u00e4ri ehitamiseks. <\/p>\n<h2>Kokkuv\u00f5te: 5 artiklit reaalsetest n\u00e4idetest spetsialistide ja ettev\u00f5tjate kolimisest<\/h2>\n<p>\nL\u00f5petuseks olen v\u00e4lja valinud mitu artiklit autorite kohta, kes on t\u00f5eliselt kolinud Ameerikasse t\u00f6\u00f6le. Nendes materjalides on vastused paljudele k\u00fcsimustele erinevate viisade saamise, intervjuude l\u00e4bimise, uue kohta kohandumise jms kohta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/332658\/\">Isiklik kogemus: kuidas IT-spetsialistil kolida t\u00f6\u00f6le Ameerikasse, lootes ainult enda peale<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/the-sundial\/iv-o-1-f2a00c700ace\">Kuidas disainerina t\u00f6\u00f6 leida Silicon Valley's. O-1 viisa<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/411671\/\">Kust alustada t\u00f6\u00f6otsimist v\u00e4lismaal<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/290776\/\">T\u00f6\u00f6otsing Ameerikas: \"Silicon Valley\"<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/285680\/\">Kuidas ma leidsin t\u00f6\u00f6 San Franciscos<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKui te teadState mingeid kasulikke t\u00f6\u00f6riistu, teenuseid, artikleid, mille lingid ei ole sellel teemal kajastatud \u2013 jagage neid kommentaarides, ma teen materjali uuenduse v\u00f5i kirjutan uue, \u00fcksikasjalikuma. <br \/>\nT\u00e4name k\u00f5iki t\u00e4helepanu eest!<br \/>\n<br \/>Allikas: habr.com<\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Gallup, \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 11 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043d, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 (44%) \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u0434\u043e 29 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e 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