{"id":32623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:48:03","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:48:03","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:03","slug":"kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm","title":{"rendered":"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c2a86267246957bb5122480bd810e45a.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEsimesed pressiteated koherentsest CFP moodulitest (coherent CFP optical pluggable modules) hakkasid ilmuma umbes 5-6 aastat tagasi. Siis oli nende kasutamine optilise tihendamise s\u00fcsteemides uus ja see oli tegelikult ni\u0161ilahendus. N\u00fc\u00fcd, kuus aastat hiljem, on need moodulid tunginud telekommunikatsiooni maailma ning j\u00e4tkavad populaarsuse kasvamist. Millised need on, kuidas nad erinevad ja milliseid lahendusi nende p\u00f5hjal pakutakse (muidugi piltidega allpool) \u2013 k\u00f5ik see on peidetud. Artikli lugemiseks on vajalik arusaamine DWDM s\u00fcsteemide p\u00f5hialustest.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>L\u00fchike tagasivaade. <\/h3>\n<p>\nAjalooliselt oli 100G kiirusel optiliste pluggable moodulite esimene vormifaktor CFP, mis sai ka esimese vormifaktorina CFP-WDM lahenduste jaoks. Sellel hetkel oli turul kaks lahendust:<\/p>\n<p>1. CFP <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/menaranet.com\/index.php?route=information\/information&amp;information_id=23\">Menara <\/a><\/noindex> (n\u00fc\u00fcd kuulub IPG photonics) v\u00f5imaldades edastada 4 kanalit 28Gbps standardse DWDM 50GHz sagedusv\u00f5rgus impulsi modulatsiooni abil. Laialdast levikut ei saavutanud, kuigi p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt oli tal huvitav potentsiaal metrov\u00f5rkude \u00fclesehitamiseks. Edasiartiklis selliseid mooduleid ei k\u00e4sitleme.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2124760c2bc122e068a8e30fe554d7ef.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n2. CFP pioneeritelt \u2013 Acacia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/ir.acacia-inc.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/acacia-communications-announces-industrys-first-coherent-100g\">pressiteade<\/a><\/noindex>, ehitatud t\u00e4naseks k\u00f5ige arenenumatest tehnoloogiatest koherentsed tuvastamine kasutades DP-QPSK modulaatsiooni.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ee7613923b7d92472cbaf8e1aaf88668.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Milles oli Acacia moodulite l\u00e4bimurre:<\/b> \u2014 see oli esimene t\u00f6\u00f6stuses moodul, mis pakkus eraldi koherentsed kanal 50GHz 100Gbit DP-QPSK<br \/>\n \u2014 t\u00e4ielikult taastatav (tunable) C-bandis<\/p>\n<p>Enne seda n\u00e4gid sarnased lahendused v\u00e4lja rohkem-v\u00e4hem nii: lineaarne laser oli eemaldamatu elemendi plaadil, millel oli ainult \u00fcks ports kliendipoolse optilise mooduli jaoks. See n\u00e4gi v\u00e4lja umbes nii: <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/024b329e49d00f8b593d2f09a4313031.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTuletan meelde, et toona oli see aasta 2013.<\/p>\n<p>\nSelline moodul asendas klassikalise lineaarse DWDM liidese klassikalises transponderis, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab C-bandis, mida saab tugevdada, multiplexerida jne.<br \/>\nPraegu on koherentsete v\u00f5rkude loomise p\u00f5him\u00f5tted saanud de facto t\u00f6\u00f6stuse standardiks ning sellega kedagi ei \u00fcllata. Samal ajal on optilise tihendamise s\u00fcsteemide tihedus ja ulatus suurenenud mitmekordselt. <\/p>\n<h3>Mooduli koostisosad<\/h3>\n<p>\nEsimene neist (Acacia) moodul oli CFP-ACO t\u00fc\u00fcp. Allpool on l\u00fchike \u00fclevaade, milles koherentsed CFP moodulid omavahel erinevad. Kuid enne seda on vaja veidi offtopikut teha ja r\u00e4\u00e4kida natuke DSP-st, mis on suuresti selle tehnoloogia s\u00fcda.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">veidi moodulist ja DSP-st<\/b>Moodul koosneb \u00fcldiselt mitmest komponendist.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d7815306c8652d263d0432768859b280.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kitsas ribalaiusega \u00fcmberseadistatav laser<\/li>\n<li>Koherentne modulaator kahepolarisatsiooniga<\/li>\n<li>Digitaal-analoog muundur (DAC\/ADC) \u2014 DAC, mis muudab digitaalse signaali optiliseks ja vastupidi.<\/li>\n<li>Digitaalne signaaliprotsessor (DSP) \u2013 taastab signaalist kasuliku teabe, eemaldades signaali edastamise protsessis sellele avaldatud m\u00f5jutused. Eelk\u00f5ige:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Chromaatilise l\u00f5henemise kompensatsioon (CMD). Selle matemaatilise kompensatsiooni ressursid on praktiliselt piiramatud. See on suurep\u00e4rane, kuna f\u00fc\u00fcsiline CMD kompensatsioon on alati p\u00f5hjustanud palju probleeme, intensiivistades nonliinilisi efekte kiududes. rohkem nonliinilistest efektidest saate lugeda internetis v\u00f5i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Optical-Networks-Perspective-Rajiv-Ramaswami-ebook\/dp\/B003FQM3JM\">raamatust<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Polariseerimis- ja moodulih\u00e4ired (PMD) kompensatsioon. Kompensatsioon toimub samuti matemaatiliselt, kuid PMD keerukuse t\u00f5ttu on see keerulisem protsess ning just PMD on praegu \u00fcks peamisi p\u00f5hjuseid, mis piiravad optiliste s\u00fcsteemide t\u00f6\u00f6ulatust (koos neeldumise ja nonliiniliste efektidega).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDSP t\u00f6\u00f6tab v\u00e4ga k\u00f5rgetel s\u00fcmboolspeedidel, uusimates s\u00fcsteemides on need kiirus vahemikus 69 Gbaud.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Milles nad siis erinevad?<\/h3>\n<p>\nKogeri optilised moodulid eristuvad \u00fcksteisest DSP asukoha j\u00e4rgi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CFF-ACO \u2013 Moodul sisaldab ainult optilist osa. Kogu elektroonika asub seadme (kaart; plaat) seadmes, kuhu see moodul \u00fchendatakse. Sel ajal ei olnud tehnoloogiaid, mis v\u00f5imaldaksid DSP-d optilisse moodulisse paigutada. Tegelikult on need esimesi p\u00f5lvkondi moodulid.<\/li>\n<li>CFF-DCO \u2013 sellisel juhul on DSP paigutatud otse optilisse moodulisse. Moodul on l\u00f5ppenud 'karbi lahendus'. Need on teise p\u00f5lvkonna moodulid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Visuaalselt on moodulitel t\u00e4iesti sama vormifaktor. Kuid neil on erinev sisu, tarbimine (DCO on umbes kaks korda suurem) ja soojuse eraldamine. Vastavalt sellele on ka lahenduste tootjatel teatud paindlikkus \u2013 ACO v\u00f5imaldab s\u00fcgavamat lahenduste integreerimist, DCO v\u00f5imaldab saada 'karbist' lahendust, kasutades sellist optilist moodulit nagu legoklots oma lahenduse ehitamiseks. Eraldi asi on see, et enamiku juhtudel saab paar korda DSP t\u00f6\u00f6tada ainult sama tootja toodanguga. See seab teatud piirangud ja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/opticalconnectionsnews.com\/2019\/03\/acacia-and-lumentum-demo-200g-cfp2-dco-interoperability\/\">potentsiaalselt muudab DCO moodulid palju atraktiivsemaks interopability \u00fclesannete jaoks.<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<h3>Lahenduse evolutsioon<\/h3>\n<p>\nKuna areng ei seisa paigal ja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfp-msa.org\">MSA<\/a><\/noindex> arendatakse pidevalt uusi standardeid, siis viimane vormifaktor, kuhu DSP-d paigutada, on CFP2. <b class=\"spoiler_title\">Tegelikult usun, et nad on l\u00e4hedal j\u00e4rgmisele sammule. Siin on CFP4-ACO.<\/b>Juhuslikult leidsin selle <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finisar.com\/optical-transceivers\/ftlc3341x3nl\">ime.<\/a><\/noindex>: Kuid ma ei tea praegu kommertstooteid, mis p\u00f5hineksid sellistel moodulitel.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/dadeec491da06e2c75ae1c92abf75721.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vormifaktor (CFP2) domineerib praegu k\u00f5igis valmistoodeid. Just need pistikud on kindlasti olnud n\u00e4htavad telekommunikatsiooniseadmetel, ja paljusid petab see, et need pistikud on palju suuremad kui enamikul tuttavad QSFP28. N\u00fc\u00fcd teate, \u00fcks viis nende kasutamiseks (kuid parem on lisaks veenduda, et seade suudab t\u00f6\u00f6tada CFP2-ACO\/DCO-ga).<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">QSFP28 ja CFP2 pistikute v\u00f5rdlemine Juniper AXC6160 n\u00e4itel.<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/686813b918174d97c984f169542e7550.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Peale kompaktsetest m\u00f5\u00f5tmetest on edenenud ka modulatsiooni meetodid. K\u00f5igis tuntud toodetes CFP2-ACO\/DCO toetatakse mitte ainult DP-QPSK modulatsiooni, vaid ka QAM-8 \/ QAM-16. Seet\u00f5ttu nimetatakse neid mooduleid 100G\/200G. Klient v\u00f5ib ise valida sobiva modulatsiooni vastavalt oma vajadustele. Tulevikus peaksid ilmuma moodulid, mis toetavad kiiruseni kuni 400G \u00fches optilises kanalisse.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Acacia lahenduste evolutsioon<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/18920bae667f645af8769e713997c3ea.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kuid enamikul juhtudel kasutatakse Ultra long haul (ULH) lahendustes klassikalisi mitte-modulaarseid lineaarsed liidesed, mis v\u00f5imaldavad saavutada suuremat kaugust, paremat OSNR-i ja k\u00f5rgemaid modulatsiooni tasemeid. Seet\u00f5ttu on koherentsete moodulite peamiseks rakendusvaldkonnaks peamiselt metroo \/ piirkondlikud v\u00f5rgud. Kui vaadata <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.juniper.net\/assets\/us\/en\/local\/pdf\/industry-reports\/2000696-en.pdf\">siia<\/a><\/noindex>, siis on selgelt n\u00e4ha, et neil on t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt <b class=\"spoiler_title\">head v\u00f5imalused:<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1c4d901b84e7a42f2731d8540271f4e6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>DSP tootjad<\/h3>\n<p>\nMaailma koherentse DSP tootjad, kes m\u00fc\u00fcvad neid kolmandatele ettev\u00f5tetele, on: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/acacia-inc.com\/products\/\">Acacia<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ciena.com\/wavelogic\/coherent-optics\/\">Ciena<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inphi.com\/\">INPHI<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ntt-electronics.com\/en\/\">NTT<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>CFP2-ACO\/DCO tootjad<\/h3>\n<p>\nKoherentsete moodulite ACO\/DCO tootjad: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/acacia-inc.com\/products\/\">Acacia <\/a><\/noindex>CFP2-ACO; CFP2-DCO; CFP-DCO<\/li>\n<li>Oclaro (selle kirjutamise ajal Lumentum omandatud)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lumentum.com\/en\/optical-communications\/products\/dwdm-and-coherent-optical-transceivers\/100g-200g-coherent-transceivers\">Lumentum <\/a><\/noindex>CFP2-ACO ja CFP2-DCO <\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neophotonics.com\/product-category\/pluggable-coherent-modules\/\">NeoPhotonics <\/a><\/noindex>CFP-DCO<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finisar.com\/optical-transceivers?f%5B0%5D=field_data_rate_general%3A100G&amp;f%5B1%5D=field_distance_general%3A%3E100km\">Finisar <\/a><\/noindex>CFP2-ACO; CFP4-ACO<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lightwaveonline.com\/articles\/2019-lightwave-innovation-reviews\/menara-networks-an-ipg-photonics-company-200g-cfp2-dco.html\">Menara CFP2-DCO<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Arvestades, et osa neist ettev\u00f5tetest on hindamis- ja \u00fchinemis- ja \u00fclev\u00f5tmise protsessis, usun, et sarnaste lahenduste tarnijate turg kitseneb. Selliste moodulite tootmine on keeruline tehnoloogiline protsess, mist\u00f5ttu nende ostmine tarnijatelt Hiinast on hetkel ja ilmselt veel pikka aega v\u00f5imatu. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-11-09\/ii-vi-to-buy-finisar-in-laser-optic-deal-valued-at-3-2-billion\">M\u00f5ju t\u00f6\u00f6stusele<\/a><\/noindex> Selliste moodulite ilmumine on toonud kaasa v\u00e4ikese transformatsiooni turule pakutud lahenduste \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemis. <\/p>\n<h3>Esiteks<\/h3>\n<p>Tootjad hakkasid neid kasutama klassikalistes (transponder) DWDM lahendustes tavaliste lineaarsete liidestena. Saades lisaks moodulsuse, paindlikkuse ja madalamad kulud (\u00fchtlasi valitakse sellised lahendused sageli Alien Wavelength'ina). N\u00e4iteks: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BTI UFM6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Juniper) <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.juniper.net\/documentation\/en_US\/bti-series\/bti78004.2\/topics\/concept\/concept-c-7800-swicg-ufm-overview.html\">Packetlight PL2000xx<\/a><\/noindex> Coriant Groove G30<\/li>\n<li><noindex>(Infinera)<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.extranet.coriant.com\/resources\/Data-Sheets\/DS_Groove_G30_NDP_Muxponder_74C0157.pdf\">Huawei TN18LSC<\/a><\/noindex>Ciena 5430 <\/li>\n<li><noindex>Fujitsu 1FINITY<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/media.ciena.com\/documents\/5430_Packet_Optical_Platform_DS.pdf\">Teiseks<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fujitsu.com\/us\/products\/network\/products\/1finity-t100\/index.html\">tootjad, kes juba pakuvad telekommunikatsiooni seadmeid \u2013 l\u00fclitid ja ruuterid, on laiendanud oma valikut ja lisanud toetuse sellistele moodulitele, mis t\u00f5ukavad meid l\u00e4hemale nn IPoDWDM s\u00fcsteemidele.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Juniper (MX\/QFX\/ACX)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cisco (NCS\/ASR) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/opticalconnectionsnews.com\/2019\/04\/tencent-completes-200g-ip-over-dwdm-demo-using-acacias-cfp2-dco\/\">Nokia (SR)<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00e4iteks:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arista (7500R)<\/li>\n<li>Edge-Core (Cassini AS7716-24SC)<\/li>\n<li>Nokia (SR)<\/li>\n<li>Arista (7500R)<\/li>\n<li>Edge-Core (Cassini AS7716-24SC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nK\u00f5ikide nimetatud tootjate seadmete valikus on juba olemas ruuteri- v\u00f5i l\u00fclitiplaadid, mis toetavad koherentseid CFP2 mooduleid.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Erakordselt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> on v\u00e4\u00e4rt mainimist ka huvitavad suundumused maailmas, n\u00e4iteks projekt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/telecominfraproject.com\/\">TIP <\/a><\/noindex>, mille \u00fcks fookusi on arendada <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/oopt.telecominfraproject.com\/\">avatud optilisi v\u00f5rke<\/a><\/noindex>. Selliste v\u00f5rkude rajamine v\u00f5imaldab integreerida seadmeid avatud l\u00e4hteallikaga juhtimiss\u00fcsteemidesse, muutes optikaseadmete tootjate vahelise koost\u00f6\u00f6 l\u00e4bipaistvamaks ja avatumaks. Lisaks sellele on seadmetel (nii DCO moodulitega transponderitel kui ka ROADM\/EDFA-l) plaanis kasutada erinevate tarnijate tarkvara (n\u00e4iteks <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipinfusion.com\/\">Ipinfusion<\/a><\/noindex>). Seet\u00f5ttu j\u00e4\u00e4b viimaste aastate trendiks lahenduste komponentide aluse unifitseerimine ja tarkvaraarenduste unikaalsus, milles on avatud l\u00e4htekoodiga tehtud piisavalt suur panus.<\/p>\n<p>Ait\u00e4h t\u00e4helepanu eest, loodan, et see artikkel oli teile huvitav ja kasulik. T\u00e4iendavad k\u00fcsimused v\u00f5ite esitada kommentaarides v\u00f5i isiklikult. Kui teil on midagi selle teema kohta lisada, olen v\u00e4ga t\u00e4nulik.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">artikli peamine pilt on v\u00f5etud<\/b>Saidilt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colt.net\">www.colt.net<\/a><\/noindex>, loodan, et nad sellega ei pahanda. <\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Ainult registreeritud kasutajad saavad k\u00fcsitluses osaleda. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Logige sisse<\/a><\/noindex>, palun.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Kas DWDM-teema huvitab teid?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Jah, see on mu t\u00f6\u00f6 (v\u00f5i selle osa)!<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Jah, m\u00f5nikord on huvitav lugeda sellest teie D\u042b\u0412\u042b\u0414\u042b\u042dM-ist.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Ei, mida ma siin teen? (Travolta.gif)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    3 kasutajat h\u00e4\u00e4letasid. \u00dchtegi erapooletut ei ole.<br \/>\n<br \/>Allikas: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449330\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044b \u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 CFP \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 (coherent CFP optical pluggable modules) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 5-6 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 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content=\"2019-10-31T18:48:03+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:48:03+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47koherentsed CFP WDM (100G\/200G) ja nende rakendamine DWDM-s\u00fcsteemides | ProHoster","description":"Esimesed pressiteated koherentsete CFP-modulite (coherent CFP optical pluggable modules) ilmumise kohta hakkasid ilmu 5-6 aastat tagasi. Siis oli nende kasutamine optilise tihendamise s\u00fcsteemides uudne ja p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt ni\u0161ilahendus. N\u00fc\u00fcd, kuue aasta m\u00f6\u00f6dudes, on need moodulid tugevalt sisenenud telekommunikatsiooni maailma ja j\u00e4tkavad populaarsuse kasvamist. Millised nad on, millega","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 CFP WDM (100G\/200G) \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 DWDM | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 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