{"id":32952,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-zavisit-perevod-termina-trunk-ot-vendora-kommutatorov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:55","slug":"kak-zavisit-perevod-termina-trunk-ot-vendora-kommutatorov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-zavisit-perevod-termina-trunk-ot-vendora-kommutatorov","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas s\u00f5ltub termini trunk t\u00f5lge seadme tarnijast?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sellele veale (v\u00f5i kui soovite, t\u00f5lgenduste erinevusele) p\u00f6\u00f6rasin t\u00e4helepanu NETGEARi l\u00fclitite t\u00f5lkimise kontrollimisel. Asi on selles, et termini t\u00f5lkimisel \u201etrunk\u201c<\/strong> tuleb tingimata arvestada, millise t\u00f5lgenduse poolest on tootja \u2014 Cisco<\/strong> v\u00f5i HP<\/strong>, sest nende vahel on tehniline t\u00e4hendus v\u00e4ga erinev.
\nHakkame m\u00f5tlema.<\/p>\n

Vaatame probleemi j\u00e4rgmiste n\u00e4idete p\u00f5hjal:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1. Cisco<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2. HP<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u00e4helepanelik lugeja m\u00e4rkab, et \u201etrunk\u201c<\/strong> nendel n\u00e4idetel on erinev t\u00e4hendus.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Alustame \u201ekaevamist\u201c.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Cisco versioon<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cisco<\/strong> m\u00f5istab \u201etrunk<\/strong>\u2018ina\u201c punkt-punkt t\u00fc\u00fcpi kanali<\/em> (sidekanal, mis \u00fchendab otse kahte seadet)<\/em>, mis \u00fchendab l\u00fclitit ja muud v\u00f5rguseadet, n\u00e4iteks veel \u00fchte l\u00fclitit v\u00f5i marsruuterit. Selle \u00fclesanne on edastada mitme VLAN\u2019i liiklust \u00fche kanali kaudu ja tagada neile juurdep\u00e4\u00e4s kogu v\u00f5rgule<\/em>. Rahvakeeles nimetatakse seda \u201etrunk\u2019iks\u201c<\/strong>, mis on m\u00f5istlik. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Toimimisp\u00f5him\u00f5te<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Alustame sellest, mis on VLAN?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

VLAN<\/strong> t\u00e4hendab Virtual local area network<\/em> v\u00f5i virtuaalne lokaalne v\u00f5rk. See on tehnoloogia, mis v\u00f5imaldab jagada \u00fchte f\u00fc\u00fcsilist v\u00f5rku mitmeks loogiliseks, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tavad \u00fcksteisest s\u00f5ltumatult. N\u00e4iteks on ettev\u00f5ttes personaliosakond<\/strong>, rahandusosakond<\/strong> ja IT-osakond<\/strong>. Neil on oma l\u00fclitid, mis on \u00fchendatud keskse l\u00fcliti kaudu \u00fchte v\u00f5rkku, ja nende osakondade v\u00f5rke tuleb \u00fcksteisest eraldada. Siis tulebki appi tehnoloogia VLAN. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nii n\u00e4eb v\u00e4lja v\u00f5rk, mis on jagatud VLAN-ideks (virtuaalsed v\u00f5rgud).<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sageli kasutatakse VLAN-i t\u00e4histamiseks erinevaid v\u00e4rve. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nii kuuluvad rohelise v\u00e4rviga t\u00e4histatud pordid \u00fchte VLAN-i, samas kui punase v\u00e4rviga t\u00e4histatud pordid kuuluvad teise. Nii saavad \u00fche VLAN-i all olevad arvutid suhelda ainult \u00fcksteisega<\/strong>, aga teise VLAN-i alla kuuluvate arvutitega nad suhelda ei saa. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Muutused VLAN-i l\u00fclitustabelis<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

VLAN-ide loomisel lisatakse l\u00fclitite l\u00fclitustabelisse veel \u00fcks v\u00e4li, kuhu kantakse VLAN-i identifikaatorid. Lihtsustatult n\u00e4eb see v\u00e4lja nii: <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Siin n\u00e4eme, et pordid 1 ja 2 kuuluvad VLAN-ile 2, samas kui pordid 3 ja 4 kuuluvad VLAN-ile 10.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Liigume edasi. Andmed edastatakse kanalitasemel raamidena (freamid<\/em>). And when transferring frames from one switch to another, information is needed about which VLAN a particular frame belongs to. This information is added to the transmitted frame. Currently, an open standard is used for this purpose. IEEE 802.1Q<\/strong>. Step-by-step evolution of frames in a VLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The computer generates and sends a regular frame (frame, which is also a data link layer packet, i.e., level of switches)<\/em>, without adding anything. This frame looks like this:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \"Kuidas<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The switch receives the frame. According to the switching table, it understands which computer the frame came from and to which VLAN this computer belongs. Then the switch adds control information to the frame, known as a tag.<\/em> A tag is a field after the MAC address of the sender, which contains, roughly speaking, the VLAN number. This is how a frame with a tag looks:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \"Kuidas<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Then the switch sends this frame to another switch. <\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        The switch that receives the frame extracts the VLAN information from it, meaning it understands which computer the frame needs to be sent to, removes all control information from the frame, and forwards it to the recipient computer.<\/p>\n

        \n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        The recipient computer receives the frame without any control information.<\/p>\n

        \n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Now let's return to our \u201ctrunk<\/strong>'\u201d. The switch ports supporting VLAN can be divided into two groups:<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Tagged ports (or trunk ports<\/em> on Cisco<\/strong>)<\/li>\n
        2. Untagged ports (or access ports<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          <\/p>\n

          We are interested in tagged ports or trunk ports. They are intended for sending data belonging to one port<\/strong> through various VLANs and receiving data from several VLANs on one port<\/strong> (we remember that usually ports from different VLANs do not see each other) In this diagram, the tagged ports are numbers<\/em>. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Kuidas<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          , which connect two switches. It is through them that frames will pass, for example, from computer 21<\/strong> ja 22<\/strong>E to computer<\/strong> , which are in the same VLAN, according to the scheme described above. A<\/strong>Thus, the communication channel between these ports is called \u201c <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          '\u201c. Cisco<\/strong> Versiontrunk<\/strong>How does the company interpret this term? <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Here, the conversation is not about VLAN at all. In the case of HP<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          <\/p>\n

          we are talking about channel aggregation technology. They have<\/strong> <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Kuidas<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \u2013 this is HP<\/strong> a logical channel \u201etrunk\u201c<\/strong> , which combines several physical channels.<\/em>, which unites several physical channels<\/em>. Selline \u00fchendamine suurendab kanali l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5imet ja usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsust. Vaatame n\u00e4itena. Oletame, et meil on kaks l\u00fclitit, igal neist on neli.porti ja need portid on omavahel \u00fchendatud nelja kaabliga. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Kuidas<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Kui j\u00e4tta k\u00f5ik nagu on \u2014 lihtsalt \u00fchendused l\u00fclitite vahel, \u2014 siis need \u00fchendused edastavad raame \u00fcksteisele ringis, st. tekib silmus<\/em> (kuid \u00fclekande raame kopeeritakse taas ja taas, viies l\u00fclitid edastusrahaga \u00fclekoormusesse)<\/em>. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Selliseid dubleeritud \u00fchendusi peetakse \u00fclem\u00e4\u00e4rasteks<\/em>, ja need tuleb eemaldada, selleks on olemas STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) protokoll. Siis l\u00fclitab STP v\u00e4lja kolm meie neljast \u00fchendusest, kuna peab neid \u00fclem\u00e4\u00e4rasteks, ja j\u00e4\u00e4b ainult \u00fcks \u00fchendus. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Nii et kui me \u00fchendame need neli f\u00fc\u00fcsilist kanalit, on l\u00fclitite vahel \u00fcks loogiline kanal, millel on suurenenud l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5ime (maksimaalne andmeedastuskiirus sidekanalis aja\u00fchikus<\/em>). See t\u00e4hendab, et neli kanalit on samaaegselt kasutuses ja \u00fclem\u00e4\u00e4raste \u00fchenduste probleem on lahendatud. Just seda loogilist (aggregeeritud) kanalit nimetatakse HP<\/strong> \u201ctrunk<\/strong>How does the company interpret this term? <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Kuidas<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Kanaleid saab aggregeerida kahe l\u00fcliti, l\u00fcliti ja marsruuteri vahel. \u00dchte loogilist kanalit saab \u00fchendada kuni kaheksa f\u00fc\u00fcsilist. Oluline on, et k\u00f5ik portid, mis on \u00fchendatud aggregeeritud kanalisse, oleksid sama parametritega:<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n