{"id":33494,"date":"2019-10-31T21:52:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sem-neozhidannyh-peremennyh-bash\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:52:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:52","slug":"sem-neozhidannyh-peremennyh-bash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sem-neozhidannyh-peremennyh-bash","title":{"rendered":"Seitsme ootamatu Bash muutujaga.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

J\u00e4tkates m\u00e4rkmeid v\u00e4hem tuntud funktsioonidest<\/a><\/noindex> bashis, n\u00e4itan teile seitset muutujat, millest te v\u00f5isite mitte teada.<\/a><\/noindex> PROMPT_COMMAND<\/p>\n

1) V\u00f5ib-olla olete juba teadlik, kuidas manipuleerida prompt'i, et n\u00e4idata erinevat kasulikku teavet, kuid mitte k\u00f5ik ei tea, et iga kord, kui prompt'i kuvatakse, saab k\u00e4ivitada shelli k\u00e4su.<\/code><\/h4>\n

\nT\u00f5epoolest, paljud keerulised prompt'i manipulaatorid kasutavad seda muutujat, et t\u00e4ita k\u00e4ske, mis koguvad teavet, mis kuvatakse prompt'is.<\/p>\n

Proovige k\u00e4ivitada see uues shellis ja n\u00e4ete, mis teie sessiooniga juhtub:<\/p>\n

$ PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -n \"writing the prompt at \" && date'<\/p>\n

HISTTIMEFORMAT<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
2) Kui k\u00e4ivitate<\/code><\/h4>\n
\nhistory konsolis, saate nimekirja k\u00e4skudest, mis on varem teie kontoga t\u00e4idetud.<\/code> $ HISTTIMEFORMAT='I ran this at: %d\/%m\/%y %T '<\/p>\n
Kui see muutuja on seadistatud, salvestatakse uued kirjed koos ajaga koos k\u00e4suga, seega n\u00e4eb v\u00e4ljund v\u00e4lja j\u00e4rgmiselt:<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n1871  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:38:07 cat \/etc\/resolv.conf\n1872  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:38:19 curl bbc.co.uk\n1873  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:38:41 sudo vi \/etc\/resolv.conf\n1874  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:39:18 curl -vvv bbc.co.uk\n1876  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:39:25 sudo su -<\/p>\n
Formaat vastab s\u00fcmbolitele, mis on<\/pre>\n
\nman date CDPATH<\/code>.<\/p>\n
3) K\u00e4skude real aja hoidmiseks saate seda muutujat kasutada kataloogide muutmiseks sama lihtsalt kui k\u00e4skude kutsumine.<\/code><\/h4>\n
\n, muutuja<\/p>\n
Nagu ka PATH<\/code>koosneb teede loendist, mis on eraldatud kooloniga. Kui k\u00e4ivitate k\u00e4su K\u00e4skude real aja hoidmiseks saate seda muutujat kasutada kataloogide muutmiseks sama lihtsalt kui k\u00e4skude kutsumine.<\/code> suhtelise tee (st ilma kaldkriipsuta alguses), siis otsib shell vaikimisi sobivaid nimesid teie kohalikust kaustast. cd<\/code> otsib teed, mida olete andnud katalooge, kuhu soovite minna. K\u00e4skude real aja hoidmiseks saate seda muutujat kasutada kataloogide muutmiseks sama lihtsalt kui k\u00e4skude kutsumine.<\/code> Kui seadistate<\/p>\n
niimoodi: K\u00e4skude real aja hoidmiseks saate seda muutujat kasutada kataloogide muutmiseks sama lihtsalt kui k\u00e4skude kutsumine.<\/code> $ CDPATH=\/:\/lib<\/p>\n
ja seej\u00e4rel sisestate:<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n$ cd \/home\n$ cd tmp<\/p>\n
siis j\u00f5uate alati<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nolenevalt sellest, kus te olete. \/tmp<\/code> Aga olge ettevaatlik, sest kui te ei m\u00e4\u00e4ra kohalikku kausta (<\/p>\n
) loendisse, ei saa te luua \u00fchtegi muud kausta.<\/code>tmp ja minna sellele nagu tavaliselt:<\/code> $ cd \/home\n$ mkdir tmp\n$ cd tmp\n$ pwd\n\/tmp<\/p>\n
Oops!<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSee n\u00e4ib olevat segadus, mida tundsin, kui sain aru, et kohaliku kausta ei olnud kaasatud tuttavasse muutuja<\/p>\n
\u2026 kuid see tuleb teha muutuja PATH-s, sest teid v\u00f5ib petta vale k\u00e4su k\u00e4ivitamine m\u00f5nest allalaaditud koodist. PATH<\/code>Minu seade on alguspunkt:<\/p>\n
CDPATH=.:\/space:\/etc:\/var\/lib:\/usr\/share:\/opt<\/p>\n
SHLVL<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
4) Olete kunagi m\u00f5elnud, kui sisestate<\/code><\/h4>\n
\nOlete kunagi m\u00f5elnud, et sisestate exit<\/code> kas teid viib praegusest bash-shellist v\u00e4lja teise \"vanema\" shelli v\u00f5i lihtsalt sulgeb konsooli akna t\u00e4ielikult?<\/p>\n
See muutuja j\u00e4lgib, kui s\u00fcgavale olete bash-shellis sisse l\u00e4inud. Uue terminali loomisel on see seatud 1-le:<\/p>\n
$ echo $SHLVL\n1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSeej\u00e4rel, kui k\u00e4ivitate teise shelliprotsessi, suureneb number:<\/p>\n
$ bash\n$ echo $SHLVL\n2<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSee v\u00f5ib olla v\u00e4ga kasulik skriptides, kus te pole kindel, kas peaksite v\u00e4lja minema v\u00f5i mitte, v\u00f5i j\u00e4lgida, kus te asute s\u00fcgavuselt.<\/p>\n
5) LINENO<\/code><\/h4>\n
\nSamuti on kasulik muutuja anal\u00fc\u00fcsimiseks ja silumiseks LINENO<\/code>, mis n\u00e4itab, kui palju k\u00e4ske on seansi jooksul praeguseks t\u00e4idetud:<\/p>\n
$ bash\n$ echo $LINENO\n1\n$ echo $LINENO\n2<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSeda kasutatakse k\u00f5ige sagedamini skriptide silumisel. Selliste ridade lisamine nagu echo DEBUG:$LINENO<\/code>, saate kiiresti tuvastada, kus te skriptis viibite (v\u00f5i ei viibi).<\/p>\n
6) REPLY<\/code><\/h4>\n
\nKui te, nagu mina, kirjutate tavaliselt sellist koodi:<\/p>\n
$ read input\necho do something with $input<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nsiis v\u00f5ib olla \u00fcllatav, et ei pea muutuja loomise p\u00e4rast \u00fcldse muretsema:<\/p>\n
$ read\necho do something with $REPLY<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSee teeb sama.<\/p>\n
7) TMOUT<\/code><\/h4>\n
\nKuna te ei viibiks tootmisserverites liiga kaua turvakaalutlustel v\u00f5i ei k\u00e4ivitaks midagi ohtlikku vale terminalis, siis selle muutuja seadmine toimib kaitsemehhanismina.<\/p>\n
Kui mingit sisendit ei saadud kindlaksm\u00e4\u00e4ratud sekundite jooksul, toimub shellist lahkumine.<\/p>\n
See t\u00e4hendab, et see on alternatiiv sleep 1 && exit<\/code>:<\/p>\n
$ TMOUT=1<\/code><\/pre>\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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