{"id":33661,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","slug":"kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas m\u00f5ista, millal proksid valetavad: v\u00f5rguprokside f\u00fc\u00fcsiliste asukohtade verifitseerimine aktiivse geolokatsiooni algoritmiga","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kuidas<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Inimesed \u00fcle kogu maailma kasutavad kommertspoolseid proksiservereid, et varjata oma t\u00f5elist asukohta v\u00f5i identiteeti. Seda tehakse erinevate \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmiseks, sealhulgas juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su tagamiseks blokeeritud teabele v\u00f5i privaatsuse kaitsmiseks. <\/p>\n

Aga kui usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsed on selliste prokside pakkujad, kui nad v\u00e4idavad, et nende serverid asuvad teatud riigis? See on \u00fclioluline k\u00fcsimus, millele vastamine m\u00f5jutab seda, kas teatud teenust saavad kasutada kliendid, kes on mures isikuandmete kaitse p\u00e4rast.<\/p>\n

R\u00fchm Ameerika teadlasi Massachusettsi, Carnegie Melloni ja Stony Brooki \u00fclikoolist avaldas uurimus<\/a><\/noindex>, uurimist\u00f6\u00f6, kus kontrolliti seitsme populaarses proksiserverite pakkuja tegelikku serverite asukohta. Oleme koostanud l\u00fchikese kokkuv\u00f5tte peamistest tulemustest.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sissejuhatus<\/h2>\n

\nProksiserverite operaatorid ei anna sageli mingeid andmeid, mis v\u00f5iksid kinnitada nende v\u00e4idete t\u00e4psust serverite asukoha kohta. IP-asukoha andmebaasid kinnitavad tavaliselt selliste ettev\u00f5tete reklaamiteese, kuid nendes andmebaasides esineb palju vigu.<\/p>\n

Uuringu k\u00e4igus hindasid Ameerika teadlased 2269 proksiserveri asukohta, mida haldas seitse proksiettev\u00f5tet ja mis asusid kokku 222 riigis ja territooriumil. Anal\u00fc\u00fcs n\u00e4itas, et v\u00e4hemalt kolmandik k\u00f5igist serveritest ei asu nendes riikides, mida ettev\u00f5tted oma turundusmaterjalides deklareerivad. Selle asemel asuvad need riikides, kus on odav ja usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne hostimine: T\u0161ehhis, Saksamaal, Madalmaades, Suurbritannias ja Ameerika \u00dchendriikides.<\/p>\n

Serverite asukoha anal\u00fc\u00fcs<\/h2>\n

\nKaubanduslikud VPN- ja proksipakkujad v\u00f5ivad m\u00f5jutada IP-asukoha andmebaaside t\u00e4psust \u2013 ettev\u00f5tetel on v\u00f5imalus manipuleerida, n\u00e4iteks muuta asukoha koode ruuteri nimedes. Tulemuseks v\u00f5ivad turundusmaterjalid v\u00e4ita, et kasutajatele on saadaval palju asukohti, samas kui tegelikult on serverid, et s\u00e4\u00e4sta kulusid ja suurendada t\u00f6\u00f6h\u00f5ive usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsust, f\u00fc\u00fcsiliselt piiratud arvudes riikides, kuigi IP-asukoha andmebaasid v\u00e4idavad vastupidist.<\/p>\n

Serverite reaalsete asukohtade kontrollimiseks kasutasid teadlased aktiivse geolokatsioonialgoritmi. Selle abil hinnati paketi roundtrip-aega, mis saadeti serveri ja teiste tuntud hostide suunas internetis. <\/p>\n

Ainult v\u00e4hem kui 10% testitud proksidest reageeris pingile, ja teadlased ei saanud selges\u00f5naliselt serveris tarkvara k\u00e4ivitada. Neil oli vaid v\u00f5imalus saata pakette prokside kaudu, seega roundtrip mis tahes punkti ruumis on summa ajast, mille jooksul paketid j\u00f5uavad testhostist proksi ja proksi sihtkohta.<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nUuringu k\u00e4igus arendati v\u00e4lja spetsialiseeritud tarkvara nelja aktiivse geolokatsioonialgoritmi p\u00f5hjal: CBG, Octant, Spotter ja h\u00fcbriidne Octant\/Spotter. Lahenduse kood saadaval<\/a><\/noindex> on GitHub.<\/p>\n

Kuna IP-asukoha andmebaasidele toetuda ei saanud, kasutasid teadlased katsetes RIPE Atlase ankurserverite nimekirja \u2013 teave selles andmebaasis on veebis pidevalt saadaval, uuendatakse regulaarselt ning dokumenteeritud asukohad on \u00f5iged. \u00dchtlasi saadavad nimekirja kuuluvad serverid pidevalt \u00fcksteisele ping-signaale ja v\u00e4rskendavad andmeid roundtrip ehk edasi-tagasi reisi kohta avalikus andmebaasis.<\/p>\n

Teadlaste v\u00e4ljat\u00f6\u00f6tatud lahendus on veebirakendus, mis loob turvatud (HTTPS) TCP-\u00fchendusi kaitsmata HTTP 80 pordi kaudu. Kui server sellele porti ei kuula, eba\u00f5nnestub p\u00e4rast \u00fcht p\u00e4ringut; kui server kuuleb seda porti, saadetakse brauserile SYN-ACK vastus koos TLS ClientHello paketiga. See p\u00f5hjustab protokolli t\u00f5rke ja brauser kuvab vea, kuid alles p\u00e4rast teist roundtrip'i. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nNii saab veebirakendus m\u00f5\u00f5ta \u00fche v\u00f5i kahe roundtrip'i aega. Sarnane teenus on rakendatud ka k\u00e4surealt k\u00e4ivitatava programmiga.<\/p>\n

\u00dckski testitud teenusepakkuja ei maini t\u00e4pset asukohta oma proksiserverite jaoks. Parimal juhul nimetatakse linnu, kuid sagedamini on teadetetahvlil ainult riigid. Ieven kui linn on mainitud, v\u00f5ivad juhtuda segadused \u2013 n\u00e4iteks uurijad anal\u00fc\u00fcsisid \u00fche serveri konfiguratsioonifaili nimega usa.new-york-city.cfg, kus oli juhised \u00fchendamiseks serveriga nimega chicago.vpn-provider.example. Seega on vaid umbkaudselt v\u00f5imalik kinnitada serveri kuuluvust konkreetsele riigile.<\/p>\n

Tulemused<\/h2>\n

\nTestide tulemusena aktiivse geolokatsiooni algoritmiga \u00f5nnestus uurijatel kinnitada 989 2269 IP-aadressi asukohta. 642 puhul ei \u00f5nnestunud seda teha, ja 638 asub kindlasti mitte seal, kus nad peaksid olema vastavalt proksiteenuste kinnitustele. \u00dcle 400 sellisest valeadressist asub tegelikult samal mandril v\u00e4idetava riigiga. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Korrektsed aadressid asuvad riikides, mis on k\u00f5ige sagedamini kasutatud serverite majutamiseks (kl\u00f5psates avatakse pilt t\u00e4ism\u00f5\u00f5dus).<\/i><\/p>\n

Kahtlased hostid avastati k\u00f5ikide seitsme testitud pakkuja juures. Uurijad k\u00fcsisid ettev\u00f5tetelt kommentaare, kuid k\u00f5ik keeldusid suhtlemast.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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