{"id":33718,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","slug":"optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","title":{"rendered":"Zimbra koost\u00f6\u00f6s\u00fcsteemi postihoiu optimeerimine","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dches meie eelnevas artiklis<\/a><\/noindex>, mis k\u00e4sitles infrastruktuuri planeerimist Zimbra Collaboration Suite'i rakendamisel ettev\u00f5ttes, mainiti, et peamine piirang selle lahenduse kasutamisel on ketas seadmete sisendi ja v\u00e4ljundi kiirus postihoidlates. T\u00f5epoolest, ajal, mil mitusada ettev\u00f5tte t\u00f6\u00f6tajat p\u00e4\u00e4seb korraga samasse postihoidlasse, v\u00f5ib k\u00f5vakettalt andmete lugemise ja kirjutamise kanali laius osutuda ebapiisavaks teenuse reageerimisv\u00f5ime tagamiseks. Kuigi v\u00e4iksemate Zimbra paigalduste puhul ei pruugi see olla suur probleem, v\u00f5ivad suured ettev\u00f5tted ja SaaS-teenusepakkujad silmitsi seista aeglustunud e-posti t\u00f6\u00f6 ja seel\u00e4bi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate efektiivsuse v\u00e4henemisega, mis v\u00f5iks p\u00f5hjustada ka SLA rikkumise. Just sellep\u00e4rast, et Zimbra suuremahuliste installatsioonide projekteerimisel ja haldamisel tuleks erilist t\u00e4helepanu p\u00f6\u00f6rata k\u00f5vakettaseadmete t\u00f6\u00f6 optimeerimisele postihoidlates. Uurime kahte juhtumit ja proovime v\u00e4lja selgitada, milliseid failihoidlate koormuse optimeerimise meetodeid saab igas neist rakendada.<\/p>\n

\"Zimbra<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

1. Suure Zimbra paigalduse optimeerimine projekteerimise etapis<\/b><\/p>\n

Suure koormusega Zimbra paigalduse projekteerimisetapis peab administraator otsustama, millist andmesalvestuss\u00fcsteemi kasutada. Selle k\u00fcsimuse lahendamiseks tuleb teada, et peamine koormus k\u00f5vakettale tuleneb Zimbra Collaboration Suite'i koostisosadest, sealhulgas andmebaasist MariaDB, otsingus\u00fcsteemist Apache Lucene ning BLOB-objektide hoidlast. Seet\u00f5ttu on nende tarkvaratoodete t\u00f5husaks toimimiseks k\u00f5rge koormuse tingimustes oluline kasutada kiireid ja usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rseid seadmeid. <\/p>\n

Tavap\u00e4rastes tingimustes saab Zimbra paigaldada nii RAID-k\u00f5vaketastele kui ka NFS-protokolli kaudu \u00fchendatud salvestusruumidesse. V\u00e4ga v\u00e4ikeste paigalduste puhul on Zimbra v\u00f5imalik paigaldada ka tavalisele SATA-kettale. Kuid suurte paigaldiste puhul n\u00e4itavad k\u00f5ik need tehnoloogiad erinevaid puudusi, nagu kirjutamiskiirus v\u00f5i madal usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsus, mis ei ole vastuv\u00f5etavad ei suurtele ettev\u00f5tetele ega veelgi v\u00e4hem SaaS-teenusepakkujatele.<\/p>\n

Seet\u00f5ttu on Zimbra suures infrastruktuuris k\u00f5ige parem kasutada SAN-i. Just see suudab praegu tagada k\u00f5rgeima andmeedastuskiirus s\u00e4ilitusseadmetele ja t\u00e4nu suure hulga vahem\u00e4lu\u00fchenduste v\u00f5imalusele on selle kasutamine praktiliselt vigadeta ettev\u00f5tte jaoks. Hea m\u00f5te on kasutada NVRAM-i, mida paljud SAN-id kasutavad kirjutamise kiirusel. Samas on parem keelata kirjutatavate andmete vahem\u00e4lu samadesse ketastese, kuna see v\u00f5ib p\u00f5hjustada andmed kahjustavad olukorrad ja andmete kaotuse toiteprobleemide korral.<\/p>\n

Mis puutub failis\u00fcsteemi valikusse, siis parim valik on kasutada Linuxi standardseid Ext3\/Ext4. Peamine n\u00fcanss, mis on seotud failis\u00fcsteemiga, on see, et seda tuleb mountida parameetriga -noatime<\/b>. See parameeter keelab failide viimase ligip\u00e4\u00e4su aja fikseerimise funktsiooni, mis v\u00e4hendab oluliselt lugemise ja kirjutamise koormust. \u00dcldiselt tuleks Zimbra jaoks ext3 v\u00f5i ext4 failis\u00fcsteemi loomisel kasutada j\u00e4rgmisi parameetreid utiliidile mke2fs<\/b>:<\/p>\n

-j<\/b> \u2014 Failis\u00fcsteemi ajalugu loomise jaoksCreate the file system with an ext3\/ext4 journal.
\n-L NIMI<\/b> \u2014 Mahuni pealkirja loomiseks, et hiljem kasutada seda \/etc\/fstab-s
\n-O dir_index<\/b> \u2014 Otsingufailide kiirendamiseks suurtes kataloogides hashmuude puu kasutamiseks
\n-m 2<\/b> \u2014 2% reserveerimise reservi seadistamiseks suurtel failis\u00fcsteemidel juurkatalooge jaoks
\n-J size=400<\/b> \u2014 Suure ajalugu loomise jaoks
\n-b 4096<\/b> \u2014 Bloki suuruse m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks baitides
\n-i 10240<\/b> \u2014 S\u00f5numite salvestamiseks peab see parameeter vastama keskmisele s\u00f5numi suurusele. Tuleb sellele parameetrile t\u00e4helepanu p\u00f6\u00f6rata, kuna hiljem pole selle v\u00e4\u00e4rtust v\u00f5imalik muuta<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nLisaks soovitatakse sisse l\u00fclitada dirsync<\/b> BLOB-objektide talletamiseks, Lucene'i metaandmete otsingutalleteks ja MTA j\u00e4rjekordade talletamiseks. Seda peaks tegema sellep\u00e4rast, et tavaliselt kasutab Zimbra utiliiti fsync<\/b> andmete blobide tagamiseks kettale. Kuid kui Zimbra postikarp v\u00f5i MTA loob uusi faile s\u00f5numite edastamise ajal, tekib vajadus nende vastavate kaustade kettale tehtud muudatuste salvestamiseks. Just seet\u00f5ttu, et isegi olukordades, kus fail on juba kettale salvestatud, v\u00f5ib tema lisamisteave kaustades mitte j\u00f5uda kettale ning seet\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ib see ootamatu serveri rikke t\u00f5ttu kaduma minna. T\u00e4nu fsync<\/b>nende probleemide v\u00e4ltimisele on v\u00f5imalik. dirsync<\/b> 2. Optimeerimine t\u00f6\u00f6tava Zimbra infrastruktuuri korral<\/p>\n

Tihti juhtub, et p\u00e4rast Zimbra kasutamise mitmeid aastaid suureneb selle kasutajate arv m\u00e4rgatavalt ja teenuse t\u00f6\u00f6 muutub iga p\u00e4evaga j\u00e4rjest v\u00e4hem reageerivaks. V\u00e4lja p\u00e4\u00e4semine sellisest olukorrast on ilmne: tuleb lihtsalt lisada infrastruktuuri uusi servereid, et teenus t\u00f6\u00f6taks taas sama kiiresti kui varem. Samas ei ole alati v\u00f5imalik kohe lisada uusi servereid, et parandada selle j\u00f5udlust. Tihti peavad IT-juhid kaua kokku leppima<\/b><\/p>\n

uusserverites raamatupidamisega v\u00f5i turbosakonnaga, lisaks ei suuda sageli tarnijad, kes v\u00f5ivad uue serveri p\u00e4rast aega juurde tuua v\u00f5i toimetavad hoopis vale seadme.<\/a> Muidugi on k\u00f5ige parem ehitada oma Zimbra infrastruktuur varuga, et alati oleks ruumi selle laiendamiseks ja ei s\u00f5ltuks kellestki, kuid kui viga on juba tehtud, j\u00e4\u00e4b IT-juhile vaid tagaj\u00e4rgede leevendamisele keskenduda. N\u00e4iteks v\u00f5ib IT-juht saavutada v\u00e4ikese j\u00f5udluse kasvu ajal, kui ajutiselt v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitati Linuxi s\u00fcsteemiteenused, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tamise ajal pidevalt k\u00f5vakettale p\u00f6\u00f6rdusid ja seet\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ivad Zimbra t\u00f6\u00f6 kiirus m\u00f5jutada. N\u00e4iteks v\u00f5ib m\u00f5neks ajaks v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitada:<\/p>\n

autofs, netfs<\/p>\n

\u2014 Kaugfailis\u00fcsteemide avastamise teenused<\/b> cups
\n\u2014 Printimisteenus<\/b> xinetd, vsftpd
\n\u2014 Sisemised *NIX teenused, mis t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt ei ole vajalikud<\/b> portmap, rpcsvcgssd, rpcgssd, rpcidmapd
\n\u2014 Kaugprotseduuride teenused, mida tavaliselt kasutatakse koos v\u00f5rgufailis\u00fcsteemidega<\/b> dovecot, cyrus-imapd, sendmail, exim, postfix, ldap
\n\u2014 Zimbra Collaboration Suite'i p\u00f5hivahendite dubleerimine<\/b> slocate\/updatedb
\nslocate\/updatedb<\/b> Kuna Zimbra salvestab iga s\u00f5numi eraldi failina, v\u00f5ib igap\u00e4evane updatedb teenuse k\u00e4ivitamine tekitada probleeme, seet\u00f5ttu on soovitatav seda teha k\u00e4sitsi serverite k\u00f5ige v\u00e4iksema koormuse ajal.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nKuna teenuste v\u00e4ljal\u00fclitamise t\u00f5ttu saadav s\u00fcsteemsete ressursside kokkuhoid ei ole kuigi suur, v\u00f5ib isegi see olla m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rne kriitilistes olukordades. P\u00e4rast uue serveri lisamist Zimbra infrastruktuuri on soovitatav uuesti lubada varasemalt v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitatud teenused.<\/p>\n

Zimbra t\u00f6\u00f6d on v\u00f5imalik optimeerida, viies syslog teenuse eraldi serverisse, et see ei koormaks postide salvestusseadmeid t\u00f6\u00f6 ajal. Selle jaoks sobib praktiliselt \u00fcksk\u00f5ik milline arvuti, alates odavast \u00fcheinimesest Raspberry Pi-st.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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