{"id":33888,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:15","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sluchajnye-chisla-i-detsentralizovannye-seti-implementatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:15","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:15","slug":"sluchajnye-chisla-i-detsentralizovannye-seti-implementatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sluchajnye-chisla-i-detsentralizovannye-seti-implementatsii","title":{"rendered":"Juhuslikud numbrid ja detsentraliseeritud v\u00f5rgud: rakendused","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sissejuhatus<\/h1>\n

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function getAbsoluutseltJuhuslikNumber() {\n        return 4; \/\/ tagastab t\u00e4iesti juhusliku numbri!\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Nagu ka t\u00e4iesti vastupidava kr\u00fcptograafia kontseptsiooni puhul, p\u00fc\u00fcavad reaalsed \"Avalikult Kontrollitavad Juhuslikku Tuli\" (edaspidi PVRB) protokollid v\u00f5imalikult l\u00e4hedale ideaalsetele skeemidele, kuna reaalsetes v\u00f5rkudes ei ole puhtal kujul see rakendatav: kokkulepped peavad puudutama rangelt \u00fcht bitti, ringe peab olema palju ning k\u00f5ik s\u00f5numid peavad olema ideaalselt kiired ja alati kohaletoimetatud. Loomulikult ei ole see reaalses elus nii. Seet\u00f5ttu, kui projekteerida PVRB konkreetsete \u00fclesannete jaoks kaasaegsetes plokiahelates, lisaks juhusliku arvu ja kr\u00fcptograafilise vastupidavuse kontrollimise v\u00f5imatusele, tekib palju puhtalt arhitektuurilisi ja tehnilisi probleeme.<\/p>\n
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Blockchain on PVRB essentially serves as a communication environment where messages represent transactions. This allows for partial abstraction from network issues, message delivery failures, and problems with intermediary software \u2014 all these risks are managed by the decentralized network. The primary value for PVRB lies in the impossibility of retracting or corrupting a transaction once it has been sent, which prevents participants from opting out of the protocol unless they have successfully executed an attack on consensus. This level of security is acceptable, thus PVRB must be resilient against collusion among participants to the same degree as the main blockchain. Furthermore, this implies that PVRB should be part of the consensus if the network has reached an agreement on the main block chain, and it should negotiate a single fair resulting randomness at the same time. Alternatively, PVRB can function as a standalone protocol, implemented through a smart contract, operating asynchronously in relation to the blockchain and the blocks. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and choosing between them is quite non-trivial. <\/p>\n
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Kaks v\u00f5imalust PVRB rakendamiseks<\/h2>\n
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Kirjeldame l\u00e4hemalt kahte PVRB rakenduse varianti \u2014 iseseisev versioon, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab s\u00f5ltumatult plokiahela nutilepinguga, ja konsensusintegratsiooni \u2014 s\u00fcsteemi, mille kohaselt n\u00f5ustub v\u00f5rk plokkide ahelate ja kaasatud tehingutega. K\u00f5igis nendes juhtudel m\u00f5tlen ma populaarsetele plokiahela mootoritele: Ethereum, EOS ja k\u00f5ik sellele sarnased nutilepingute paigutamise ja t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise viisid. <\/p>\n
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Iseseisev leping<\/h3>\n
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Selles PVRB variandis on tegemist nutilepinguga, mis v\u00f5tab vastu juhuslike tootjate (edaspidi RP) tehingud, t\u00f6\u00f6tleb neid, kombineerib tulemusi ning j\u00f5uab l\u00f5ppkokkuv\u00f5ttes teatud v\u00e4\u00e4rtuseni, mille igal kasutajal on v\u00f5imalik sellest lepingust saada. See v\u00e4\u00e4rtus ei pruugi lepingus otse olla salvestatud, vaid v\u00f5ib olla esindatud ainult andmetena, millest saab deterministlikult tuletada \u00fche ja ainsa tulemuse juhuslikkuse. Selles skeemis on RP plokiahela kasutajad, ja protsessi genereerimises v\u00f5ivad osaleda k\u00f5ik soovijad.<\/p>\n
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Iseseisva lepingu variant on hea:<\/p>\n
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