{"id":34006,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","slug":"printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","title":{"rendered":"VRRP protokolli t\u00f6\u00f6princip","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol)<\/b> \u2014 protokollide perekond, mis on m\u00f5eldud vaikev\u00e4ravate \u00fcleliia loomiseks. \u00dchise ideena on nende protokollide eesm\u00e4rgiks \u00fchendamine mitmeid ruutereid \u00fcheks virtuaalseks ruuteriks, millel on \u00fchine IP-aadress. See IP-aadress m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse hostidele vaikev\u00e4rava aadressina. Vaba lahendus sellele ideele on protokoll VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). Selles artiklis k\u00e4sitleme VRRP protokolli aluseid.<\/p>\n

\"VRRP<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVRRP ruuterid \u00fchendatakse \u00fcheks virtuaalseks ruuteriks. K\u00f5igil r\u00fchma ruuteritel on \u00fchine virtuaalne IP (VIP) aadress ja \u00fchine grupi number ehk VRID (Virtual Router Identifier). \u00dcks ruuter v\u00f5ib olla mitmes grupis samal ajal, millest igal peab olema oma unikaalne VIP\/VRID paar.<\/p>\n

Cisco puhul m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse virtuaalne ruuter huvipakkuval liidesel k\u00e4suga:<\/p>\n

R1(config-if)# vrrp  ip<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nK\u00f5ik ruuterid jagunevad kaheks t\u00fc\u00fcbiks: VRRP Master ja VRRP Backup. <\/p>\n
VRRP Master<\/b> \u2014 see on ruuter, mis vastutab pakettide edastamise eest antud virtuaalses grupis. <\/p>\n
VRRP Backup<\/b> \u2014 see on ruuter, mis ootab paketti Masterilt. Kui Masterilt pakettide saamine l\u00f5petatakse, proovib Backup minna Masteri seisu. <\/p>\n
Ruuter muutub Masteriks, kui tal on k\u00f5rgeim prioriteet. Master saadab pidevalt s\u00f5numeid laiaulatuslikule aadressile 224.0.0.18, et teavitada Backup ruutereid, et ta t\u00f6\u00f6tab. Master saadab s\u00f5numeid vastavalt Adver Timer'ile, mille vaikev\u00e4\u00e4rtus on 1 sekund. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nSaatja MAC-aadressina kasutatakse grupiaadressi 00:00:5E:00:01:xx, kus xx on VRID kuhexakoodina. Antud n\u00e4ites kasutatakse esimest gruppi. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nKui Backup ruuterid ei saa s\u00f5numeid kolme Adver Timer'i (Master Down Timer) jooksul, siis saab uueks Masteriks ruuter, millel on k\u00f5rgeim prioriteet, v\u00f5i ruuter, millel on k\u00f5rgeim IP. Samuti haarab Backup ruuter, millel on k\u00f5rgem prioriteet, Master'i rolli, kui Masteril on madalam prioriteet. Kuid kui Backup'i re\u017eiim on v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitatud preempt, ei p\u00fc\u00fca Backup Master'i rolli haarata. <\/p>\n
R1(config-if)# no vrrp  preempt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKui VRRP ruuter on VIP aadressi omanik, haarab ta alati Master'i rolli. <\/p>\n
VRRP prioriteet m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse vahemikus 1 kuni 254. V\u00e4\u00e4rtus 0 on reserveeritud juhtudeks, kui Master peab end vabastama<\/i> marsruutimise eest. V\u00e4\u00e4rtus 255 m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse VIP-i omaniku ruuteri jaoks. Vaikeprioriteet on 100, kuid seda saab m\u00e4\u00e4rata haldaja:<\/p>\n
R1(config-if)#vrrp  priority<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSiin n\u00e4eme ruuteri prioriteeti, kui see on haldamise kaudu m\u00e4\u00e4ratud:<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nJa siin on n\u00e4idatud juhtum, kui ruuter on VIP-i omanik:<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nVRRP ruuter v\u00f5ib olla kolmes olekus: Initialize, Backup, Master. Need olekud vahetuvad j\u00e4rjestikku. <\/p>\n
Olekus Initialize ootab ruuter t\u00f6\u00f6 algust. Kui see ruuter on VIP-aadressi omanik (prioriteet on 255), siis saadab ruuter s\u00f5numeid, et muutuda Master'iks. Ta saadab samuti gratuitous ARP-p\u00e4ringu<\/a><\/noindex>, mille puhul allika MAC-aadress on virtuaalse ruuteri aadress. Seej\u00e4rel l\u00e4heb ta olekusse Master. Kui ruuter ei ole VIP-i omanik, siis l\u00e4heb ta olekusse Backup. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nBackup-re\u017eiimis ootab ruuter Masterilt pakette. Ruuter ei vasta selles olekus VIP-aadressilt tulnud ARP-p\u00e4ringutele. Samuti ei aktsepteeri ta pakette, mille sihtaadressiks on virtuaalse ruuteri MAC-aadress. <\/p>\n
Kui Backup ei saa Masterilt s\u00f5numeid Master Down Timer'i jooksul, saadab see VRRP s\u00f5numi, et kavatseb saada Masteriks. Seej\u00e4rel saadab see laiali VRRP s\u00f5numi, mille allika MAC-aadress on selle virtuaalse ruuteri aadress. Selles s\u00f5numis teatab ruuter oma prioriteedist.<\/p>\n
Master-re\u017eiimis t\u00f6\u00f6tab ruuter pakettide t\u00f6\u00f6tlemisega, mis on adresseeritud virtuaalsele ruuterile. Ta vastab ka VIP-i ARP-p\u00e4ringutele. Master saadab VRRP s\u00f5numeid iga Adver Timer'i j\u00e4rel, et kinnitada, et ta t\u00f6\u00f6tab. <\/p>\n
*May 13 19:52:18.531: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 olek Init -> Backup\n*May 13 19:52:21.751: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 olek Backup -> Master<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVRRP v\u00f5imaldab ka koormuse tasakaalustamist mitme ruuteri vahel. Selleks luuakse \u00fchel liidese kahte VRRP gruppi. \u00dchele grupile antakse k\u00f5rgem prioriteet kui teisele. Teise ruuteri puhul m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse prioriteet vastupidiselt. Ehk kui \u00fche ruuteri esimese grupi prioriteet on 100 ja teise grupi prioriteet 200, siis teisel ruuteril on esimese grupi prioriteet 200 ja teise 100. <\/p>\n
Kuidas mainitud, peab igal grupil olema oma ainulaadne VIP. L\u00f5puks saame kaks IP-aadressi, mida teenindavad kaks ruuteri, millest iga\u00fcks v\u00f5ib olla vaikimisi v\u00e4rav. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nPooltele arvutitele m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse \u00fcks vaikimisi v\u00e4rava aadress, teisele poolele teine. Nii l\u00e4heb pool liiklust l\u00e4bi \u00fche ruuteri ja pool l\u00e4bi teise. \u00dche ruuteri rikke korral v\u00f5tab teine enda kanda m\u00f5lema VIP-i t\u00f6\u00f6.<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nSeel\u00e4bi v\u00f5imaldab VRRP korraldada vaikev\u00e4rava talitlush\u00e4iret, suurendades v\u00f5rgu usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsust. Ja mitme virtuaalse ruuteriga kasutamisel saab ka koormust tasakaalustada reaalsed ruuterid. Vea p\u00f5hjendamise reageerimiskiirus v\u00f5ib l\u00fcheneda, v\u00e4hendades taimerite aega.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47VRRP protokolli t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te | ProHoster","description":"FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 protokollide perekond, mis on kavandatud vaikev\u00e4rava \u00fclek\u00fclluse loomiseks. Nende protokollide \u00fchine idee on mitme ruuteri \u00fchendamine \u00fcheks virtuaalseks ruuteriks, millel on \u00fchine IP-aadress. See IP-aadress m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse hostidele vaikev\u00e4rava aadressina. Selle idee tasuta teostuseks on protokoll VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol).","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 VRRP | ProHoster","og:description":"FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy 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