{"id":34006,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","slug":"printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","title":{"rendered":"VRRP protokolli t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

FHRP (Esimese h\u00fcppe \u00fclekande protokoll)<\/b> \u2014 protokollide perekond, mis on m\u00f5eldud vaikimisi v\u00e4rava \u00fclekande loomiseks. \u00dcks \u00fchine idee nende protokollide jaoks on mitme ruuteri \u00fchendamine \u00fcheks virtuaalseks ruuteriks, millel on \u00fchine IP-aadress. See IP-aadress m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse hostidele vaikimisi v\u00e4rava aadressina. Selle idee vaba teostus on protokoll VRRP (Virtuaalne ruuteri \u00fclekande protokoll). Selles artiklis k\u00e4sitleme VRRP protokolli aluseid.<\/p>\n

\"VRRP<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVRRP ruuterid \u00fchenduvad \u00fcheks virtuaalseks ruuteriks. K\u00f5ik grupi ruuterid omavad \u00fchte ja sama virtuaalset IP (VIP) aadressi ja \u00fchte ja sama grupi numbrit ehk VRID (Virtuaalne ruuteri identifikaator). \u00dcks ruuter v\u00f5ib kuuluda mitmesse gruppi, millest iga\u00fchel peab olema oma ainulaadne VIP\/VRID paar.<\/p>\n

Cisco puhul m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse virtuaalne ruuter huvipakkuval liidese kaudu j\u00e4rgmise k\u00e4suga:<\/p>\n

R1(config-if)# vrrp  ip<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nK\u00f5ik ruuterid jagunevad kaheks t\u00fc\u00fcbiks: VRRP Master ja VRRP Backup. <\/p>\n
VRRP Master<\/b> \u2014 see on ruuter, mis tegeleb pakettide edastamisega selle virtuaalse grupi jaoks. <\/p>\n
VRRP Backup<\/b> \u2014 see on ruuter, mis ootab Master'ilt pakette. Kui Master'ilt saadetavad paketid enam ei saabu, p\u00fc\u00fcab Backup minna Master'i olekusse. <\/p>\n
Ruuterist saab Master, kui tal on k\u00f5rgeim prioriteet. Master saadab pidevalt teateid laiaulatuslikule aadressile 224.0.0.18, et teavitada Backup ruutereid, et ta t\u00f6\u00f6tab. Master saadab teateid vastavalt Adver Timer'i ajastusele, mille vaikimisi v\u00e4\u00e4rtus on 1 sekund. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nSelle juures kasutatakse saatja MAC-aadressina grupi aadressi 00:00:5E:00:01:xx, kus xx on VRID kuhexandel. K\u00e4esoleval juhul kasutatakse esimest gruppi. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nKui Backup ruuterid ei saa kolme Adver Timer'i jooksul s\u00f5numeid (Master Down Timer), siis muutub uueks Master'iks ruuter, kellel on k\u00f5rgeim prioriteet, v\u00f5i ruuter, millel on k\u00f5rgeim IP. Samal ajal Backup ruuter, millel on k\u00f5rgem prioriteet, haarab Master'i rolli, millel on madalam prioriteet. Kui Backup'il ei ole lubatud re\u017eiimi preempt, ei saa Backup Master'ilt rolli haarata. <\/p>\n
R1(config-if)# no vrrp  preempt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKui VRRP ruuter on VIP aadressi omanik, siis haarab ta alati Master'i rolli. <\/p>\n
VRRP prioriteet on m\u00e4\u00e4ratud v\u00e4\u00e4rtustes vahemikus 1 kuni 254. V\u00e4\u00e4rtus 0 on reserveeritud juhtudeks, kui Master peab keelama<\/i> vastutab marsruutimise eest. VIP-marsruutija omanikule m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse v\u00e4\u00e4rtus 255. Vaikimisi prioriteet on 100, kuid seda saab m\u00e4\u00e4rata administratiivselt:<\/p>\n
R1(config-if)#vrrp  priority<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSiin saame n\u00e4ha marsruutija prioriteeti, kui see on m\u00e4\u00e4ratud administratiivselt:<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nJa siin on n\u00e4idatud juhtum, kui marsruutija on VIP-omanik:<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nVRRP-marsruutijal v\u00f5ib olla kolm olekut: Initialize, Backup, Master. Need olekud muutuvad j\u00e4rjestikku. <\/p>\n
Olekus Initialize ootab marsruutija t\u00f6\u00f6 algust. Kui see marsruutija on VIP-aadressi omanik (prioriteet on 255), siis saadab marsruutija s\u00f5numeid, et saada Masteriks. Ta saadab samuti gratuitous ARP-p\u00e4ringu<\/a><\/noindex>, mille allika MAC-aadress on virtuaalse marsruutija aadress. Seej\u00e4rel liigub ta olekusse Master. Kui marsruutija ei ole VIP-omanik, siis l\u00e4heb ta olekusse Backup. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nOlekus Backup ootab marsruutija pakette Master'ilt. See marsruutija ei vasta VIP-aadressi ARP-p\u00e4ringutele. Samuti ei aktsepteeri ta pakette, mille sihtaadressiks on virtuaalse marsruutija MAC-aadress. <\/p>\n
Kui Backup ei saa Master'ilt s\u00f5numeid Master Down Timer'i jooksul, siis saadab ta VRRP-s\u00f5numi, et kavatseb saada Masteriks. Seej\u00e4rel saadab ta levitatud VRRP s\u00f5numi, mille allika MAC-aadress on antud virtuaalse marsruutija aadress. Selles s\u00f5numis n\u00e4itab marsruutija oma prioriteeti.<\/p>\n
Olekus Master t\u00f6\u00f6tleb marsruutija pakette, mis on adresseeritud virtuaalsele marsruutijale. Ta vastab samuti VIP-i ARP-p\u00e4ringutele. Master saadab VRRP-s\u00f5numeid iga Adver Timer'i l\u00f5ikes, et kinnitada, et ta t\u00f6\u00f6tab. <\/p>\n
*May 13 19:52:18.531: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 state Init -> Backup\n*May 13 19:52:21.751: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 state Backup -> Master<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVRRP v\u00f5imaldab ka koormuse tasakaalustamist mitme marsruutija vahel. Selleks luuakse \u00fchel liidesel kaks VRRP-gruppi. \u00dchele gruppi m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse k\u00f5rgem prioriteet kui teisele. Teisel marsruutijal m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse prioriteet vastupidiselt. St kui \u00fchel marsruutijal on esimese grupi prioriteet 100 ja teise grupi \u2013 200, siis teisel marsruutijal on esimese grupi prioriteet 200 ja teise 100. <\/p>\n
Nagu varem \u00f6eldud, peab igal grupil olema oma ainulaadne VIP. Tulemusena saame kaks IP-aadressi, mida haldab kaks marsruuterit, millest iga\u00fcht saab kasutada vaikev\u00e4ravana. <\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nPooltele arvutitele m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse \u00fcks vaikev\u00e4rava aadress, teisele poole teine. Nii suundub pool liiklust \u00fchte marsruuterisse ja pool teise. Kui \u00fcks marsruuteritest peaks rikki minema, v\u00f5tab teine enda alla m\u00f5lema VIP-i t\u00f6\u00f6.<\/p>\n
\"VRRP
\nSeega v\u00f5imaldab VRRP luua vaikev\u00e4rava \u00fcleliigsuse, suurendades v\u00f5rgu usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsust. Mitme virtuaalse marsruuteri kasutamise korral saab ka koormust reaalsete marsruuteri vahel tasakaalustada. Rikketeavituse reaktsiooniaega saab l\u00fchendada, v\u00e4hendades taimerite aega.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47VRRP protokolli t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te | ProHoster","description":"FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) on protokollide perekond, mis on ette n\u00e4htud vaikev\u00e4rava \u00fcleliigsuse 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