{"id":34887,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T17:51:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:51:22","slug":"voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","title":{"rendered":"Prioriteedi k\u00fcsimused: Nyquist, Shannon v\u00f5i Kotelnikov?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Infotehnoloogia edendamine on olnud prioriteet.<\/p>\n

Selles kaasaegses valdkonnas on teerajaja V.A. Kotelnikov. Tema doktorit\u00f6\u00f6d, mis avaldati 1932. aastal M\u042dI-s, k\u00e4sitlesid n\u00e4iteks \u201eEefiri\u201d ja juhtmete l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5imet elektroside alal ja neid esitleti I \u00dcksuses Liidu konverentsil tehnilise rekonstrueerimise ja madalpinge t\u00f6\u00f6stuse arenguteemadest. Konverents ei toimunud. Aastal 1933 avaldati see kui ettekande materjal (vastu v\u00f5etud tr\u00fckiks
\n1932. aasta novembris). <\/a><\/noindex>Mis on ametlik kinnitus prioriteedist. Doktorantuuri l\u00f5petades esitas Vladimir oma t\u00f6\u00f6d teadusn\u00f5ukogule. Ettekanne sai heakskiidu, aga t\u00f6\u00f6 \"L\u00e4bivuse kohta...\" ei olnud selge - \"... nagu oleks \u00f5ige, aga see on teadusliku fantaasia.\" <\/p>\n

Esiteks, see t\u00f6\u00f6 n\u00e4itas sideteenuse arengu perspektiivseid suundi ja v\u00e4hendas p\u00f6\u00f6rdumisi ummikusse. Teiseks, teabevahetuse aspektide probleeme k\u00e4sitleti matemaatiliselt p\u00f5hja digitaliseeritud teabe edastamist, kuulsat teoreemi
\nKotelnikova. Tegelikult sisaldas see t\u00f6\u00f6 7 teoreemi.<\/p>\n

See, mida Shannon ja tema kaaslased nimetavad \"n\u00e4idete teoreemiks\", mille ta avaldas 15 aastat hiljem, 1948. aastal. P\u00e4rast seda, 1970. aastatel elektronika arengu t\u00f5ttu, tekkis loomulik huvi digitaalsete andmete edastamise vastu. 1977. aastal t\u00f5statati prioriteetide seadmise k\u00fcsimus ja ettepanekuks sai WKS-teoreem, Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon.<\/p>\n

1999. aastal andis Eduard Reini fond XX sajandi silmapaistvate teaduslike saavutuste kokkuv\u00f5tmisel nominatsioonis \"fundamentaalsed uuringud\" auhinna vene teadlase Vladimir Kotelnikovi teoreemile, mis oli \"esmakordselt matemaatiliselt t\u00e4pselt s\u00f5nastatud ja avaldatud \u00e4\u00e4rte teoreem\".<\/p>\n

Veel \u00fcks huvitav punkt. <\/p>\n

K\u00e4ib l\u00e4bi Harry Nyquisti, kes t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt m\u00f5istis ja v\u00e4ljendas esimesena m\u00f5tet, et signaalide valikud peavad olema ajavahemikega, mis on v\u00f5rdsed.
\numbes vastupidises riba tema spektraalsest laiusest. See annab sageli aluse, eriti l\u00e4\u00e4ne teadlaste seas, kasutada m\u00f5istet \u201eNyquisti valikureegel\u201c. Kuid tema arutlused puudutasid telegr Herkunfti signaali moonutamata edastamise probleemi, kuigi nad olid l\u00e4hedased analoogsignaali moonutamata edastamise probleemile. Professor Luke D. oma artiklis valimise teoreemide p\u00e4ritolu kohta m\u00e4rgib: \"esimene teadlane, kes t\u00e4pselt formuleeris valimite teoreemi ja rakendas seda side teooria ja tehnikaga seotud probleemile, on t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt V.A. Kotelnikov.\"<\/p>\n

V\u00e4ike k\u00f5rvalep\u00f5ige ja samuti prioriteetide kohta.<\/p>\n

1939. aastal l\u00f5i Vladimir Aleksandrovit\u0161 \u00fche k\u00fclgmise riba side seadme ja l\u00f5i selle ise, loomulikult mitte \u00fcksi, kuna t\u00f6\u00f6stus keeldus: \"Keegi pole kunagi midagi sellist teinud\". See paigaldati, kuid ei saanud Moskvast Habarovskisse. Ei aktsepteeritud: \"Lihtne pealt kuulata\". Lugedes H. Dudley artiklit, l\u00f5i Kotelnikoff k\u00f5neside kr\u00fcpteerimise seadme ja
\ntegi\u00bb. Se oli asennettu, mutta ei hyv\u00e4ksytty Moskovan ja Habarovskin v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Hyv\u00e4ksyttiin: \u00abHelppo salakuunnella\u00bb. Lukemalla artikkelin H. Dudleyst\u00e4, Kotelnikov kehitti puhesalauslaitteen ja
\nesitas tema aruandes \"Automaatse kr\u00fcpteerimise p\u00f5hialused\" 19. juunil 1941. Selles dokumendis s\u00f5nastati esmakordselt n\u00f5uded matemaatiliselt lahendamatu kr\u00fcpteerimise s\u00fcsteemidele.
\nAvalikus publikatsioonis ei olnud (v\u00f5ib-olla on juba?).<\/p>\n

C. Shannon esitas 1. septembril 1945 kr\u00fcpteerimisse s\u00fcsteemide loomise l\u00e4henemisviise, avatud v\u00e4ljapanek toimus 1949. aastal.<\/p>\n

L\u00fchike \u00fclevaade \"F\u00fc\u00fcsika edusammudest\", konverentsid ja s\u00fcmpoosionid, juuli 2006, k\u00f6ide 176, nr 7.<\/p>\n

\u00dcksikasjalikku materjali matemaatiliste arvestustega saab alla laadida lingilt.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5tteks v\u00f5in \u00f6elda, et sageli teaduslikus ja praktilises kirjanduses v\u00e4listavad v\u00e4lismaised autorid, omistavad endale v\u00f5i v\u00e4hendavad Venemaa-sovetliku ja Venemaa saavutusi ja eeliseid. <\/p>\n

J\u00e4rgnev publikatsioon k\u00e4sitleb teemat \"Kes on raadio leiutaja, Popov v\u00f5i Marconi?\", juhul kui mul tekib selline tulekahju nagu t\u00e4na laevapere salongis.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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