{"id":34887,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T17:51:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:51:22","slug":"voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","title":{"rendered":"Prioriteetide k\u00fcsimused: Nyquista, Shannon v\u00f5i Kotelnikovi?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Teave teabe edastamise t\u00f6\u00f6de prioriteedist.<\/p>\n

Selle kaasaegse teema rajatikaks on V.A. Kotelnikovi. Tema M\u042d\u0418 doktorit\u00f6\u00f6 jooksul avaldati 1932. aastal t\u00f6id, mille seas oli ka \"Eetri ja juhe edastusv\u00f5ime kohta elektrisides\", mis kanti ette I Liidu tehnikareformi ja madalpinget\u00f6\u00f6stuse arendamise kongressil. Kongress ei toimunud. See avaldati 1933. aastal ettekande materjalina (tulnud tr\u00fckki.
\nnovembris 1932). <\/a><\/noindex>Mis on ametlik kinnitus prioriteedi kohta. Kui Vladimir l\u00f5petas aspirantuuri, esitas ta oma t\u00f6\u00f6d teaduslikus n\u00f5ukogus. Ettekannet kiideti heaks, kuid t\u00f6\u00f6 \u201eL\u00e4bivuse kohta\u2026\u201d ei saanud aru - \u201e\u2026nagu oleks \u00f5ige, aga teaduslik fantaasia.\u201d <\/p>\n

Esiteks n\u00e4itas see t\u00f6\u00f6 perspektiivseid suundi side arengus ja eemaldas vahepealsed suunad. Teiseks, teabe aspektis side probleemide juures oli matemaatiliselt p\u00f5hjendatud digitaalne teabe edastamine, kuulus teoreem.
\nKotelnikovi teoreem. Tegelikult sisaldas see t\u00f6\u00f6 7 teoreemi.<\/p>\n

See, mida Shannon ja teised nimetavad \"proovide teoreemiks\", mille ta avaldas 15 aastat hiljem 1948. aastal. Hiljem, 1970. aastatel, koos elektroonika arenguga tekkis loomulik huvi digitaalsete edastusmeetodite vastu. 1977. aastal t\u00f5status prioriteetide seadmisel k\u00fcsimus ja pakuti v\u00e4lja nimetus WKS-teoreem, Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon.<\/p>\n

1999. aastal andis Eduard Reyni fond XX sajandi silmapaistvate teaduslike saavutuste kokkuv\u00f5tte tegemisel Vladimir Aleksandrovit\u0161 Kotelnikovi n\u00f5ukogude teadlasele auhinna \"fundamentaalsete uurimiste eest\" teoreemi kohta, mis oli esmakordselt matemaatiliselt t\u00e4pselt s\u00f5nastatud ja avaldatud.<\/p>\n

Veel \u00fcks huvitav punkt. <\/p>\n

Tuleb esile Harry Nyquisti nimi, kes t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt m\u00f5istis ja v\u00e4ljendas esimesena m\u00f5tet, et signaali proovid peavad olema eristuvad ajaintervallidega, mis on v\u00f5rdsed.
\nligikaudu vastupidise ribana tema spektraalsest laiusest. See annab sageli p\u00f5hjuse, eriti l\u00e4\u00e4ne teadlaste seas, kasutada terminit \u201eNyquist'i valikureeglid\u201d. Kuid tema arutlused puudutasid telegrapi signaali moonutamata edastamise probleemi, kuigi nad olid l\u00e4hedased moonutamata analoogsignaali edastamise probleemile. Professor Luke D. oma artiklis valikuteoreemi tekkimisest osutab sellele: \u201eesimene teadlane, kes t\u00e4pselt s\u00f5nastas valikureegli ja rakendas seda side teooria ja tehnika probleemile, on t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt V.A.Kotelnikov.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00e4ike k\u00f5rvalep\u00f5ige ja ka prioriteetide kohta.<\/p>\n

1939. aastal l\u00f5i Vladimir Aleksandrovich \u00fche k\u00fclgmise sageduse suhtlusseadme ja kogus selle oma j\u00f5ududega, loomulikult mitte \u00fcksi, kuna t\u00f6\u00f6stus keeldus: \"Keedagi pole kunagi midagi sellist teinud.\" Seade paigaldati, kuid ei v\u00f5etud vastu Moskva-Habarovsk liinil. Ei v\u00f5etud vastu: \"Lihtne on nuhata.\" Lugedes H. Dudley artiklit, l\u00f5i Kotelnikov h\u00e4\u00e4l\u0161ifreerimisseadmest ja
\nesitas selle idee raportis \"Automaatse kr\u00fcpteerimise p\u00f5him\u00f5tted\" 19. juunil 1941. Aastal. Selles dokumendis s\u00f5nastati esmakordselt n\u00f5uded matemaatiliselt lahtikr\u00fcpteerimatu.
\ns\u00fcsteemide jaoks koos t\u00f5estusega dekodeerimise v\u00f5imatuse kohta. Avalikus v\u00e4ljaandes ei olnud (v\u00f5ib-olla on n\u00fc\u00fcd?).
\nK. Shannon 1. septembril 1945 esitas l\u00e4henemisviise vastupidavate kr\u00fcpteerimiss\u00fcsteemide loomiseks, avalikustamine toimus 1949. aastal.<\/p>\n

L\u00fchike \u00fcmbert\u00f6\u00f6tamine \"F\u00fc\u00fcsikaliste teaduste edusammud\", konverentsid ja seminarid, juuli 2006, k\u00f6ide 176, nr 7.<\/p>\n

\u00dcksikasjalikku materjali koos matemaatiliste arvutustega saab alla laadida lingilt.<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5tteks v\u00f5in \u00f6elda, et sageli rahvusvahelises teaduslikus-praktilises kirjanduses hoopis v\u00e4lisautoreid varjavad, omistavad endale v\u00f5i minimaalsetel juhtudel \u00fcletavad Venemaa-sovetlikud saavutused ja prioriteedid.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

J\u00e4rgmine v\u00e4ljaanne k\u00e4sitleb k\u00fcsimust \"Kes on raadio leiutaja, Popov v\u00f5i Marconi?\", kui mul peaks tekkima sama tulekahju nagu t\u00e4na. <\/p>\n

Infotehnoloogia edastamise aluste prioriteedi kohta. Esimene selles kaasaegses k\u00fcsimuses on V.A. Kotelnikov. Vastuv\u00f5tuks oli avaldatud 1932. aastal.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0412.\u0410.\u041a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u041c\u042d\u0418 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 1932\u0433. \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u00ab\u041e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u201e\u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u201c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438\u00bb \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 I \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434 \u043d\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Priority Questions: Nyquist, Shannon or Kotelnikov? | ProHoster","description":"\ud83e\udd47Prioriteedik\u00fcsimused: Nyquist, Shannon v\u00f5i Kotelnikov? | ProHoster","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430: \u041d\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0428\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432? | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0412.\u0410.\u041a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u041c\u042d\u0418 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 1932\u0433.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/voprosy-prioriteta-najkvist-shennon-ili-kotelnikov","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:01:05+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-05-20T15:51:22+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"34887","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 20:58:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 02:13:27","updated":"2026-01-21 20:58:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34887","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34887"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34887\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":173269,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34887\/revisions\/173269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}