{"id":35261,"date":"2019-10-31T22:03:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:03:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:19","slug":"samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Haruldasemad ja kallimad programmeerimiskeeled","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Levitakse, et programmeerimiskeeled nagu Rust, Erlang, Dart ning m\u00f5ned teised on maailma IT-s k\u00f5ige haruldasemad. Kuna ma valin IT-spetsialiste ettev\u00f5tetele, olles pidevas kontaktis IT-inimestega ja t\u00f6\u00f6andjatega, otsustasin l\u00e4bi viia isikliku uurimise, et selgitada v\u00e4lja, kas see t\u00f5epoolest on nii. Teave on asjakohane Venemaa IT-turule.<\/p>\n

Andmete kogumine<\/h2>\n

\nTeabe kogumiseks uurisin t\u00f6\u00f6kuulutuste arvu, mille n\u00f5udmistes oli vajalik oskus, samuti elulookirjade arvu, millel see oskus esines. Andmeid kogusin Linkedinist, HeadHunterist ja Amazing Hiring teenuse abil. Samuti on mul isiklik statistika oma agentuuri saabunud taotluste kohta. <\/p>\n

\u00dcldiselt puudutas minu uurimist\u00f6\u00f6d kokku kaheksa keelt. <\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Rustis <\/h3>\n

\nMaailmatuur statistika: Statistika kohaselt Stackoverflowis <\/a><\/noindex>2018. aastal saavutas Rust esikoha (kolmandat korda j\u00e4rjest) arendajate seas k\u00f5ige lemmikumate keelte nimekirjas ning kuuenda koha k\u00f5rgeima palgaga keelte seas (69 000 $ aastas).
\nKuigi keel on maailmas piisavalt populaarne, on see Venemaal praegu \u00fcks haruldasemaid programmeerimiskeeli. <\/p>\n

Peamistes oskustes leidub Rusti teadmisi 319 spetsialistil Headhunteris ja 360 Linkedinil. Siiski positsioneeris end Rusti arendajana vaid 24 arendajat Headhunteris. \u00dchest k\u00fcljest arvatakse, et Venemaal kirjutavad Rustis ainult kaks ettev\u00f5tet. Rusti arendajatele pakuvad t\u00f6\u00f6d 32 ettev\u00f5tet Headhunteris ja 17 Linkedinil. <\/p>\n

Minu agentuuri saab regulaarselt taotlusi Rusti arendajate ametikoha t\u00e4itmiseks. Kuid spetsialiste on nii v\u00e4he, et mul on juba tekkinud mulje, et tunnen k\u00f5iki Rusti arendusspetsialiste riigis. Seet\u00f5ttu, mis puudutab Rusti keelt, siis paljud kandidaadid, kes on huvitatud ametikohast, \u00f5pivad keelt \u00fclesande t\u00e4itmise k\u00e4igus. <\/p>\n

Erlang<\/h3>\n

\nSama statistika kohaselt Stackoverflowis<\/a><\/noindex> Erlang ei j\u00e4\u00e4 Rustiga kaugele maha ja on samuti saanud erinevatesse edetabeleisse. Arendajate seas k\u00f5ige lemmikumate keelte nimekirjas on Erlang kahek\u00fcmne esimese koha peal ja palgatase j\u00e4rgneb Rustile, olles seitsmendal kohal (67 000 $ aastas). <\/p>\n

Headhunteris on 67 job offers for developers with Erlang knowledge. On LinkedIn, there are 38. When it comes to resumes, direct proficiency in Erlang as a key language (mentioned in the title) was found among only 55 developers on Headhunter, and 38 specialists noted Erlang in their job titles on LinkedIn. <\/p>\n

Moreover, there is a tendency to hire developers who are proficient in Google's Go or Golang instead of Erlang developers, as they are more numerous and have lower salaries. However, my personal opinion (based on my agency's data) is that Go will not replace Erlang, because for truly high-load and complex projects, Erlang is an irreplaceable language.<\/p>\n

Haxe <\/h3>\n

\nIt is mainly used in game development. There are virtually no job offers (literally one on Headhunter). On LinkedIn, only two companies require knowledge of this language. In terms of supply, nearly two hundred developers indicated knowledge of this language on LinkedIn, while 109 did so on Headhunter, of which 10 made Haxe a key skill in their resume title. Thus, the programming language Haxe is under-demanded in the Russian market. Supply exceeds demand. <\/p>\n

Dart <\/h3>\n

\nInvented by Google. The language is becoming increasingly popular in the market. There are 10 job postings on Headhunter, and 8 on LinkedIn, however, employers do not require this language in their list of key skills. The main condition is a strong background in JavaScript and a competent approach to problem-solving. <\/p>\n

The number of developers familiar with the programming language is 275, but again, only 11 people consider Dart their primary skill. On LinkedIn, 124 individuals mentioned the language in their resumes in one way or another.<\/p>\n

My agency's personal experience and statistics indicate that this language is already being used by large IT companies. This suggests that it will soon be removed from the list of rare programming languages. Notably, specialists who are proficient in Dart command high prices in the market. <\/p>\n

F#<\/h3>\n

\nA rather rare programming language. Developed by Microsoft. In Russia, only a few companies (12 on HH and 7 on LinkedIn) are looking for F# developers. In other cases, knowledge of the language is optional. Interestingly, the number of developers with F# knowledge is gradually increasing. The language has even appeared in a recent ranking. Stackoverflowis<\/a><\/noindex>. Ta on arendajate seas \u00fcheksas lemmik keel ja palga osas saavutas ta esikoha (74 000 $ aastas). <\/p>\n

Hea k\u00fcsida, et Headhunteris on avaldatud 253 CV-d, kuid v\u00e4ga v\u00e4hesed spetsialistid peavad F#-t oma peamiseks keeleks. Ainult kolm inimest on nimetanud oma CV-s F# oskuse. Linkedin'is on olukord sarnane: 272 arendajat on maininud F# oma portfoolios, neist vaid kuuel on F# olnud ametinimes. <\/p>\n

Statistika on j\u00e4rgmine:<\/h2>\n

\nT\u00f6\u00f6pakkumiste koguarv on 122 Headhunteris ja 72 Linkedin'is. K\u00f5ige n\u00f5utum keel uuritavate seas on Erlang. \u00dcle 50% ettev\u00f5tetest k\u00fcsib Erlang'i oskust. K\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem n\u00f5utud keel on Haxe. Spetsialiste, kes tunnevad Haxe't, otsib 1% ja 3% ettev\u00f5tetest Headhunteris ja Linkedin'is vastavalt.
\n\"Haruldasemad
\n
\n\"Haruldasemad
\n
\nAvaldatud CV-de arvu osas on olukord peaaegu sama. 1644 avaldatud CV-st Headhunteris kuulub \u00fcle neljak\u00fcmne protsendi (688) Erlangile, k\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem CV-sid (7%) esitasid Haxe arendamise oskustega spetsialistid. Linkedin'i andmed on m\u00f5nev\u00f5rra erinevad. K\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem CV-sid avaldasid Dart'i valdajad. 1894 portfooliodest kuulub vaid 124 Dart'i arendusele. <\/p>\n

\"Haruldasemad
\n
\n\"Haruldasemad
\n<\/p>\n

Opa, Fantom, Zimbu<\/h3>\n

\nOtsustasin need kolm keelt \u00fcheks punktiks kokku liita \u00fche lihtsa p\u00f5hjuse t\u00f5ttu \u2014 need on t\u00f5eliselt haruldased keeled. T\u00f6\u00f6pakkumisi ei ole ja CV-sid praktiliselt ei esine. Arendajaid, kes on nimetanud m\u00f5nda neist keeltest oma oskustes, saab s\u00f5rmedel kokku lugeda. <\/p>\n

Kuna need keeled ei kuulu aastaaruande Stackoverflow'sse ega esine t\u00f6\u00f6kuulutustes, annan mitu s\u00f5na selle kohta, millega on tegu. <\/p>\n

Opa<\/b> \u2014 veebiprogrammeerimise keel, mis p\u00fc\u00fcab asendada HTML'i, CSS'i, JavaScript'i ja PHP-d. Arendatud 2011. aastal. Opa on tasuta ja on praegu saadaval ainult 64-bitiste Linuxi ja Mac OS X platvormide jaoks.<\/p>\n

Fantom<\/b> \u2014 \u00fcldotstarbeline keel, mis kompileerib Java Runtime Environment'i, JavaScript'i ja .NET Common Language Runtime'i. Arendatud 2005. aastal.<\/p>\n

Zimbu<\/b> \u2014 ainulaadne ja spetsiifiline keel, mis v\u00f5ib olla kasutusel praktiliselt igasuguste rakenduste arendamiseks: GUI-rakendustest kuni operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi kernalini. Peetakse praegu eksperimentaalseks keelega, mille k\u00f5ik funktsioonid ei ole veel v\u00e4lja arendatud. <\/p>\n

Lisaks programmeerimiskeeltele lisasin nimekirja ka ametikoha k\u00fcberjulgeoleku spetsialisti.<\/b> T\u00f6\u00f6kohtade arv v\u00f5rreldes CV-de arvuga on v\u00e4ike (umbes 20). See t\u00e4hendab, et pakkumine \u00fcletab n\u00f5udlust (nagu Haxe'i puhul), mis on IT-sektori jaoks \u00fcsna ebatavaline. Infotehnoloogia spetsialistide palgad ei ole k\u00f5rged. N\u00e4iteks Peterburis pakuvad kogenud k\u00fcberjulgeoleku spetsialistidele 80-100 tuhat rubla.<\/p>\n

Minu v\u00e4ike uurimus n\u00e4itas, et \u201etipptasemel\u201d programmeerimiskeeled, mida tasub \u00f5ppida, on: Rust, Erlang, Dart \u2014 on n\u00f5udlus ja k\u00f5rged palgad. V\u00e4hem n\u00f5utud keeltest osutusid Haxe, Opa, Fantom, Zimbu. F# on populaarne v\u00e4lismaal, kuid Venemaa IT-turul pole see veel jalgu saanud.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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