{"id":35905,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","slug":"kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas valmistada veebisaiti suurematele koormustele: 5 praktilist n\u00f5uannet ja kasulikke t\u00f6\u00f6riistu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kuidas<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kasutajad ei armasta \u00fcldse, kui soovitud veebiresurss \"t\u00f6\u00f6tab aeglaselt\". Andmed k\u00fcsitlustest<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00e4itavad, et 57% kasutajatest lahkuvad veebilehelt, kui see laadib kauem kui kolm sekundit, samas on 47% valmis ootama vaid kaks sekundit. \u00dche sekundi viivitus v\u00f5ib maksma minna 7% konversioonidest ja 16% rahulolu v\u00e4henemist.<\/p>\n

Seet\u00f5ttu tuleb koormuse ja liikluse t\u00f5usuks valmistuda. Ja t\u00e4na r\u00e4\u00e4gime, kuidas seda teha.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

M\u00e4rkus<\/b>: materjal on suunatud mitte s\u00fcsteemihalduri guru, vaid pigem \u00e4riveebi omanikele, seega on see pigem \u00fclevaatlik.<\/p>\n

1. Kasutage vahem\u00e4llu salvestamist<\/h2>\n

\nMida rohkem sisu veebisaidil saab vahem\u00e4llu salvestada, et mitte laadida seda iga kord, kui kasutaja lehele siseneb - seda parem. \u00dcldiselt on oluline osa sisust staatiline ja seda ei pea pidevalt uuesti laadima. Selle vahem\u00e4llu salvestamine on eriti oluline liikluse t\u00f5usude ajal ning v\u00f5ib mitte ainult aidata veebisaiti kiirendada, vaid ka kokku hoida.<\/p>\n

Kui teil on lihtsalt veebisait, n\u00e4iteks WordPressis, siis sobivad h\u00e4sti vahem\u00e4lus\u00fcsteemid, nagu Cache Enabler<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00f5i Cachify<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00f6\u00f6tle ainult kasulikku liiklust<\/h2>\n

\nAjal andmete<\/a><\/noindex> uurimuste kohaselt genereerib peaaegu 40% kogu liiklusest t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva internetis robotid. Robotid v\u00f5ivad olla nii head - n\u00e4iteks otsingumootori roomikud - kui ka halvad. Viimaste hulka kuuluvad n\u00e4iteks k\u00f5ikv\u00f5imalikud parsid, mis anal\u00fc\u00fcsivad ja koguvad andmeid. <\/p>\n

Ettev\u00f5tte sektoris on olukord veel hullem - siin v\u00f5ib halva boti liiklus \u00fcletada<\/a><\/noindex> 42%. Ettev\u00f5tetele on see halb kahel p\u00f5hjusel. Esiteks v\u00f5ivad halvad robotid olla konkurentide poolt k\u00e4ivitatud sisu varastamiseks v\u00f5i oluliste \u00e4riandmete kogumiseks, teiseks tekitab boti liiklus infrastruktuurile t\u00f5sise lisakoormuse.<\/p>\n

Probleemide k\u00f5rvaldamiseks ja veebisaidi koormuse v\u00e4hendamiseks aitavad filtreerimiss\u00fcsteemid, kuid nende korrektseks toimimiseks tuleb kalibreerida individuaalselt iga veebisaidi jaoks. Selleks saab simuleerida boti liiklust. Suurep\u00e4rane t\u00f6\u00f6riist sellise koormuse simuleerimiseks on teenuste kasutamine, nagu Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>, mis v\u00f5imaldavad rentida residentse proksi.<\/p>\n

Paljudes kaasaegsetes botides kasutatakse resident IP-aadresse, seega on kvaliteetse testimise jaoks vajalik suur hulk selliseid aadresse.<\/p>\n

3. Tasakaalustage koormust<\/h2>\n

\nUurige saadaval olevaid lahendusi koormuse tasakaalustamiseks. Olemas on kolm t\u00fc\u00fcpi selliseid lahendusi \u2013 riistvaralised, pilvep\u00f5hised ja tarkvaralised koormuse tasakaalustajad. <\/p>\n

Suure t\u00f5en\u00e4osusega on \"riistvaralised\" lahendused v\u00e4ikestele ettev\u00f5tetele v\u00f5i idufirmade loojatele v\u00e4ga kallid, seega keskendume rohkem kahte t\u00fc\u00fcpi lahendustele.<\/p>\n

Populaarsete pilvep\u00f5histe t\u00f6\u00f6riistade hulka kuuluvad Cloudflare<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 seda kasutavad sageli ettev\u00f5tted, kellel on probleeme liiklusett\u00f5usu t\u00f5ttu. Tarkvaratuludest v\u00f5ib nimetada Neutrino<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u00f5sised koormuse tasakaalustamise v\u00f5imalused on integreeritud veebiserverisse. Nginx<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

4. Optimeerige sisu edastamine<\/h2>\n

\nVeel \u00fcks samm, mis on kasulik v\u00f5rguaktiivsuse t\u00f5usude ajal, on CDN v\u00f5i sisu edastamise v\u00f5rgu kasutamine. See on p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt kogu maailmas asuvate serverite kogum, mida saab kasutada sisu edastamiseks kasutajale k\u00f5ige optimaalsemat rada m\u00f6\u00f6da.<\/p>\n

Tavaliselt asub saidi sisu \u00fchel peamisel serveril \u00fches asukohas, nii et erinevatest kohtadest tulenevate p\u00e4ringute korral v\u00f5ivad vastused kasutajateni j\u00f5uda eba\u00fchtlaselt \u2013 ja see n\u00e4eb v\u00e4lja nagu viivitus. Mida kaugemal kasutaja asub saidi serverist, seda kauem peab ta vastust ootama.<\/p>\n

CDN salvestab failid erinevatesse serveritesse ja \"toob\" need kasutajale edastamiseks k\u00f5ige l\u00e4hedasest serverist v\u00f5rgust. See v\u00f5imaldab iga kasutaja jaoks luua oma edastamisreisi ja kiirendab kogu s\u00fcsteemi t\u00f6\u00f6d m\u00e4rgatavalt. <\/p>\n

Ajal lingil<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00f5ib leida pika loendi CDN-idest, mis sobivad veebisaitide kasutamiseks.<\/p>\n

5. Kasutage surumist<\/h2>\n

\nFailide surumine on veel \u00fcks t\u00f6\u00f6riist, mis kiirendab saidi laadimist. Paljud k\u00f5rge koormusega ressursid sisaldavad Gzip-surumist<\/a><\/noindex> failide suuruse v\u00e4hendamiseks, et neid saata ja edastada.<\/p>\n

Gzip t\u00f6\u00f6tab nii \u2013 t\u00f6\u00f6riist otsib failis korduvaid ridu ja asendab teise viidatud rida eelmisele reale. Kui brauser lahti pakib saadud faili, l\u00e4bib ta selles olevaid ridu, loeb viidet ja kuvab \"eemaldatud\" sisu. Nii saab v\u00e4hendada failide \u00fcldmahtu kuni 70%. M\u00f5ned veebimajutusteenuse pakkujad sisaldavad Gzip-i tihendust vaikimisi, kuid parem on see seade k\u00e4sitsi \u00fcle kontrollida.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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