{"id":35905,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","slug":"kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas ette valmistada veebilehte suurte koormuste jaoks: 5 praktilist n\u00f5uannet ja kasulikke t\u00f6\u00f6riistu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kuidas<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kasutajad ei armasta, kui vajalik veebiteenus \"t\u00f6\u00f6tleb\" aeglaselt. Andmed k\u00fcsitlustest<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00e4itavad, et 57% kasutajatest lahkub veebilehelt, kui see laadib kauem kui kolm sekundit, samal ajal kui 47% on valmis ootama vaid kaks sekundit. \u00dche sekundi viivitus v\u00f5ib maksma minna 7% konversioonist ja 16% kasutajate rahulolust.<\/p>\n

Seet\u00f5ttu tuleb valmistuda koormuse kasvamiseks ja liikluse puhanguteks. T\u00e4na r\u00e4\u00e4gime, kuidas seda teha.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

M\u00e4rkus<\/b>: materjal on suunatud mitte s\u00fcsteemiadministreerimise guruile, vaid pigem \u00e4ride omanikele, seet\u00f5ttu on see pigem \u00fclevaatlik.<\/p>\n

1. Kasutage vahem\u00e4lu<\/h2>\n

\nMida rohkem sisu saab saidil vahem\u00e4llu salvestada, et mitte iga kord, kui kasutaja lehte siseneb, uuesti laadida \u2013 seda parem. Tavaline osa sisust on staatiline ning seda pole pidevalt vaja uuesti laadida. Selle vahem\u00e4llu salvestamine on eriti oluline liikluse puhangute ajal ja v\u00f5ib aidata mitte ainult kiirendada saidi laadimist, vaid ka s\u00e4\u00e4sta.<\/p>\n

Kui teil on lihtsalt sait, n\u00e4iteks WordPressis, siis sobivad h\u00e4sti vahem\u00e4lus\u00fcsteemid, nagu Cache Enabler<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00f5i Cachify<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00f6\u00f6tlege ainult kasulikku liiklust<\/h2>\n

\nKohal andmetele<\/a><\/noindex> Uuringud n\u00e4itavad, et kaasaegses internetis genereerivad robotid peaaegu 40% kogu liiklusest. Robotid v\u00f5ivad olla nii head \u2013 n\u00e4iteks otsingumootorite kraapid \u2013 kui ka halvad. Halvade hulka kuuluvad n\u00e4iteks erinevad parsers, mis anal\u00fc\u00fcsivad ja koguvad andmeid. <\/p>\n

Ettev\u00f5tete interneti segment on veel halvem \u2013 siin v\u00f5ib halva boti liiklus \u00fcletada 42%. See on ettev\u00f5tetele halbadest p\u00f5hjustest kahjulik. Esiteks v\u00f5ivad halvad robotid k\u00e4ivitada konkurendid, et varastada sisu v\u00f5i koguda olulisi \u00e4rilisi andmeid; teiseks tekitab boti liiklus infrastruktuurile t\u00f5sise lisakoormuse.<\/a><\/noindex> 42%. See on ettev\u00f5tete jaoks halb kahes osas. Esiteks v\u00f5ivad halvad robotid olla konkurentide poolt k\u00e4ivitatud, et varastada sisu v\u00f5i koguda olulisi \u00e4rilisi andmeid. Teiseks tekitab robotite liiklus t\u00f5sise lisakoormuse infrastruktuurile.<\/p>\n

Probleemist vabanemine ja koormuse v\u00e4hendamine veebisaidil aitab filtratsioonis\u00fcsteemid, kuid nende korrektseks toimimiseks tuleb iga saidi jaoks individuaalselt kalibreerida. Selleks saab robotliiklust simuleerida. Suurep\u00e4rane t\u00f6\u00f6riist sellise koormuse simuleerimiseks on teenuste kasutamine, nagu Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>, mis v\u00f5imaldab rentida resident-proxy.<\/p>\n

Paljud kaasaegsed robotid kasutavad resident IP-aadresse, mist\u00f5ttu on kvaliteetse testimise jaoks vajalik suur hulk selliseid aadresse.<\/p>\n

3. Tasakaalustage koormust<\/h2>\n

\nUurige saadaolevaid koormuse tasakaalustamise t\u00f6\u00f6riistu. On kolm t\u00fc\u00fcpi lahendusi \u2013 riistvara tasemel, pilves ja tarkvara koormuse tasakaalustajad. <\/p>\n

Suure t\u00f5en\u00e4osusega on \"riistvara\" lahendused v\u00e4ikestele ettev\u00f5tetele v\u00f5i idufirmadele v\u00e4ga kallid, seega keskendume rohkem \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud kahele v\u00f5imalusele.<\/p>\n

Populaarsete pilvep\u00f5histe t\u00f6\u00f6riistade hulka kuuluvad Cloudflare<\/a><\/noindex> - neid kasutavad sageli ettev\u00f5tted, kes kogevad liikluse laine t\u00f5ttu probleeme. Tarkvarap\u00f5histest variantidest v\u00f5ib mainida Neutrino<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u00f5sised koormuse tasakaalustamise v\u00f5imalused on integreeritud veebiserverisse Nginx<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

4. Optimeerige sisu kohaletoimetamist<\/h2>\n

\nVeel \u00fcks samm, mis on kasulik suurenenud v\u00f5rgutegevuse ajal, on CDN v\u00f5i sisu kohaletoimetamise v\u00f5rgustiku kasutamine. Sisuliselt on see serverite kogum \u00fcle maailma, mida saab kasutada sisu kohaletoimetamiseks kasutajale k\u00f5ige optimaalsema marsruudi kaudu.<\/p>\n

Tavaliselt asub veebisaidi sisu \u00fchel peamisel serveril \u00fches asukohas, mist\u00f5ttu erinevatest kohtadest tulevad p\u00e4ringud v\u00f5ivad j\u00f5uda kasutajateni eba\u00fchtlaselt \u2013 ja see n\u00e4eb v\u00e4lja nagu viivitus. Mida kaugemal on kasutaja veebisaidi serverist, seda kauem peab ta vastuse ootama.<\/p>\n

CDN salvestab faile erinevatesse serveritesse ja toob need kasutajale edastamiseks k\u00f5ige l\u00e4hemalt asuvast serverist. See v\u00f5imaldab iga kasutaja jaoks luua individuaalse edastusmarsruudi ja kiirendab oluliselt kogu s\u00fcsteemi t\u00f6\u00f6d. <\/p>\n

Kohal lingi kaudu<\/a><\/noindex> saab leida terve nimekirja CDN-idest, mis sobivad veebisaitide kasutamiseks.<\/p>\n

5. Kasutage kokkusurumist<\/h2>\n

\nFailide kokkusurumine on veel \u00fcks t\u00f6\u00f6riist veebisaidi laadimise kiirendamiseks. Paljud k\u00f5rgelt koormatud ressursid sisaldavad Gzip-kokkusurumist<\/a><\/noindex> failide suuruse v\u00e4hendamiseks, et neid oleks lihtsam laadida ja edastada.<\/p>\n

Gzip t\u00f6\u00f6tab nii \u2013 t\u00f6\u00f6riist otsib failis korduvaid ridu ja asendab neist teise viitamisega eelnevale reale. Kui brauser lahti pakendab saadud faili, l\u00e4bib ta selles read, loeb viidatud ja kuvab \"eemaldatud\" sisu. Nii on v\u00f5imalik v\u00e4hendada failide kogukaalu kuni 70%. M\u00f5ned hostimisteenuse pakkujad lubavad Gzip-i kokkusurumise vaikimisi, kuid parem on see seadistus k\u00e4sitsi \u00fcle vaadata.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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