{"id":36393,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/failover-nas-gubit-perfektsionizm-i-len\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","slug":"failover-nas-gubit-perfektsionizm-i-len","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/failover-nas-gubit-perfektsionizm-i-len","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcleminek: meid tapab perfektsionism ja\u2026 laiskus","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Suvel t\u00f5useb traditsiooniliselt nii ostjate aktiivsus kui ka veebiprojektide infrastruktuuri muutumise intensiivsus, \u00fctleb meile Kapten Ilmselgus. Lihtsalt sellep\u00e4rast, et isegi IT-ala spetsialistid l\u00e4hevad vahetevahel puhkusele. Ja CTO-d samuti. Sellega on raskem neil, kes j\u00e4\u00e4vad ametisse, kuid praegu sellest ei r\u00e4\u00e4gi: v\u00f5ib-olla on just seet\u00f5ttu suvi parim aeg rahulikult \u00fcle vaadata olemasolev varukoopiate skeem ja koostada plaan selle t\u00e4iustamiseks. Ja selles aitab teid Egor Andreevi kogemus, AdminDivision<\/a><\/noindex>, millest ta r\u00e4\u00e4kis konverentsil Uptime day<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/p>\n

Varupindade ehitamisel ja varukoopiate tegemisel on mitmeid l\u00f5kse, millesse on lihtne sattuda. Ja nendesse ei tohi kindlasti sattuda. Selle k\u00f5ik h\u00e4vitab meid, nagu ka paljus muus, perfektsionism ja\u2026 laiskus. Me p\u00fc\u00fcame teha k\u00f5ike v\u00f5imalikult ideaalselt, aga ideaalselt tegema tegelikult ei pea! Tuleb teha ainult teatud asju, kuid \u00f5igesti, viia need l\u00f5pule, et nad korralikult t\u00f6\u00f6taksid. <\/p>\n

Failover ei ole mingi l\u00f5bus ja m\u00e4nguline asi, \"et oleks\"; see on asi, mis peab tegema t\u00e4pselt \u00fchte asja \u2014 v\u00e4hendama seisaku aega, et teenus, ettev\u00f5te kaotaks v\u00e4hem raha. Ja k\u00f5igis varukoopiate meetodites soovitan m\u00f5elda j\u00e4rgmises kontekstis: kus on raha?<\/p>\n

\"\u00dcleminek:
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nEsimene l\u00f5ks<\/b>: kui me ehitame suuri usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rseid s\u00fcsteeme ja tegeleme varukoopiate tegemisega \u2014 v\u00e4hendame \u00f5nnetuste arvu. See on hirmus eksiarvamus. Kui me tegeleme varukoopiate tegemisega, suurendab see t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt \u00f5nnetuste arvu. Ja kui me teeme k\u00f5ik \u00f5igesti, siis kokkuv\u00f5ttes v\u00e4hendame me seisaku aega. \u00d5nnetusi on rohkem, kuid need juhtuvad v\u00e4iksemate kuludega. Mis on varukoopia? \u2014 see on s\u00fcsteemi keerukuse suurendamine. Iga keerukus on halb: meil on rohkem kruvikeerajaid, rohkem hammasrattaid, s\u00f5naga, rohkem komponente \u2014 ja seega suurem t\u00f5en\u00e4osus rikete tekkeks. Ja nad t\u00f5epoolest purunevad. Ja purunevad tihedamini. Lihtne n\u00e4ide: \u00fctleme, et meil on mingi veebileht PHP ja MySQL. Ja see tuleb kiiresti varundada. <\/p>\n

Noh, v\u00f5tame teise platvormi ja ehitame sarnase s\u00fcsteemi\u2026 Raskusaste kahekordistub \u2013 meil on kaks \u00fcksust. Lisaks sellele rakendame teatud loogikat andmete \u00fclekandmiseks \u00fchelt platvormilt teisele \u2013 see t\u00e4hendab andmete replikatsiooni, staatika kopeerimist ja nii edasi. Noh, replikatsiooni loogika on tavaliselt v\u00e4ga keeruline, mist\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ib s\u00fcsteemi koguraskus olla mitte 2, vaid 3, 5 v\u00f5i isegi 10 korda suurem. <\/p>\n

Teine l\u00f5ks<\/b>: kui ehitame t\u00f5eliselt suuri ja keerulisi s\u00fcsteeme, fantaseerime, mida me l\u00f5puks soovime saada. Voil\u00e0: me tahame superusaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rset s\u00fcsteemi, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab t\u00e4iesti katkestusteta, vahetub poolsesekundi jooksul (v\u00f5i veel parem \u2013 koheselt) ja hakkame oma unistusi ellu viima. Kuid siin on ka n\u00fcanss: mida v\u00e4hem on soovitud vahetus aega, seda keerulisemaks muutub s\u00fcsteemi loogika. Mida keerulisemad on meie s\u00fcsteemilogika n\u00f5uded, seda sagedamini see t\u00f5rkuda v\u00f5ib. Ja v\u00f5ime sattuda t\u00f5eliselt ebamugavasse olukorda: me p\u00fc\u00fcame igati katkestus aega v\u00e4hendada, kuid tegelikult keerustame asju, ja kui midagi l\u00e4heb valesti, on katkestus aeg l\u00f5puks suurem. Tihti tabad end m\u00f5ttelt: noh\u2026 parem ei oleks me reserveerinud. Paremini oleks \u00fcks n\u00f5udmist t\u00e4itnud ja m\u00f5istetava katkestus ajaga. <\/p>\n

Kuidas selle vastu v\u00f5idelda? Tuleb l\u00f5petada endale vale \u00fctlemine, l\u00f5petada endale kiitmine, et me hakkame siin kosmoselaeva ehitama, ja m\u00f5ista adekvaatselt, kui kaua projekt tegelikult kestab. Ja selle maksimaalse aja p\u00f5hjal valime, milliseid meetodeid usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsuse suurendamiseks rakendame. <\/p>\n

\"\u00dcleminek:
\n
\nOn just \u00f5ige aeg \u00abjutustusteks elust\u00bb\u2026 elu, muidugi. <\/p>\n

N\u00e4ide number \u00fcks<\/h4>\n

\nKujutage ette visiitkaarti torutootmisettev\u00f5ttest N. linnas. Sellel on suurte t\u00e4htedega kirjutatud \u2013 TORUTOOTMINE \u21161. Veidi madalamal on slogan: \u00abMeie torud on k\u00f5ige \u00fcmmargused torud N-s\u00bb. Ja allpool on ettev\u00f5tte direktori telefoninumber ja tema nimi. M\u00f5istame, et broneerimine on vajalik \u2013 see on v\u00e4ga oluline asi! Alustame v\u00e4lja selgitamist, millest see koosneb. Html-staatika \u2013 see t\u00e4hendab paar pilti, kus direktor, tegelikult, istub laua taga saunas oma partneriga, arutades m\u00f5nda j\u00e4rjekordset tehingut. Alustame m\u00f5tlema seisakule. Tuleb p\u00e4he: seal peab olema umbes viis minutit, mitte rohkem. Ja n\u00fc\u00fcd k\u00fcsimus: kui palju meie saidilt on \u00fcldse m\u00fc\u00fcke olnud? Kui palju-kui palju? Mida t\u00e4hendab \u00abnull\u00bb? Ameerika selgub: kuna k\u00f5ik neli tehingut eelmise aasta jooksul tegi direktor just seal laua taga, samade inimestega, kellega nad koos saunas on. Ja m\u00f5istame, et isegi kui sait lebab p\u00e4eva, pole seal midagi kohutavat. <\/p>\n

L\u00e4htudes sisendist, on \u00fchte p\u00e4eva selle asja \u00fcles t\u00f5stmiseks. Alustame m\u00f5tlema broneerimisskeemile. Ja valime selle n\u00e4ite jaoks k\u00f5ige ideaalsema broneerimisskeemi: me ei kasuta broneerimist. K\u00f5ik see t\u00f5stetakse \u00fcles igasuguse administraatori poolt poole tunni jooksul koos pausidega. Veebiserveri seadistamine, failide \u00fcleslaadimine \u2013 k\u00f5ik. See hakkab t\u00f6\u00f6le. Ei pea millegi j\u00e4lgimisega vaeva n\u00e4gema, millelegi erilist t\u00e4helepanu p\u00f6\u00f6rama. Seega on esimese n\u00e4ite j\u00e4reldus \u00fcsna ilmselge: teenuseid, mida broneerida ei ole vaja \u2013 broneerida ei ole vaja.<\/p>\n

\"\u00dcleminek:
\n<\/p>\n

Teine n\u00e4ide<\/h4>\n

\n\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 PHP \u0441 WordPress, \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c-\u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u2014 \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442!\u00bb, \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442? \u0422\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u042f\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0417\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e. \u0410 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b? \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e. \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e-\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, PHP, WordPress, MySQL, \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0412 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f mysql \u043d\u0430 50 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e failover’a. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e. <\/p>\n

\"\u00dcleminek:
\n<\/p>\n

N\u00e4ide number kolm, keerulisem<\/h4>\n

\nInternetipood. PHP koos pisut kohandatud open heart'iga, MySQL korraliku andmebaasiga. Suur hulk staatikat (sest internetipoes on ilusad HD-pildid ja muud sellist), Redis sessioonide jaoks ja Elasticsearch otsinguks. Hakkame m\u00f5tlema seisaku ajale. Ja siin on loomulikult ilmne, et p\u00e4ev ilma probleemideta internetipood ei saa olla. Mida kauem see seisab, seda rohkem raha me kaotame. Tuleb kiirendada. Aga kui palju? Arvan, et kui me tunni seisame, siis keegi ei l\u00e4he segaseks. Jah, me kaotame midagi, aga kui hakkame liiga agaralt pingutama \u2014 l\u00e4heb vaid hullemaks. M\u00e4\u00e4rame tunni jooksul lubatava seisaku skeemi.<\/p>\n

Kuidas seda k\u00f5ike reserveerida? Masin on igal juhul vajalik: tund aega on \u00fcsna v\u00e4he. Mysql: siin on juba vajalik replikatsioon, elav replikatsioon, sest tunni jooksul 100 GB dumpi t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt ei mahu. Statiika, pildid: taas, tunni jooksul 500 GB ei pruugi j\u00f5uda. Seega on parem kohe pildid kopeerida. Redis: siin on asi huvitavam. Redis'e seansid on seal \u2014 lihtsalt v\u00f5tta ja h\u00e4vitada me ei saa. Sest see ei oleks v\u00e4ga hea: k\u00f5ik kasutajad logivad v\u00e4lja, ostukorvid on t\u00fchjad ja nii edasi. Inimesed peavad uuesti sisestama oma sisselogimise ja parooli, ja palju inimesi v\u00f5ib loobuda ning ostu mitte l\u00f5petada. J\u00e4lle, konversioon langeb. Teiselt poolt, Redis on siiski t\u00e4pselt nagu viimasena sisse logitud kasutajad, ilmselt ei ole ka see vajalik. Hea kompromiss oleks v\u00f5tta Redis ja taastada see varukoopiast, eilsetest, v\u00f5i kui see toimub iga tunni j\u00e4rel, \u2014 tunni vanusest. \u00d5nneks on selle taastamine varukoopiast \u00fche faili kopeerimine. Ja k\u00f5ige huvitavam lugu on Elasticsearch. Kes on kunagi seadistanud MySQL replikatsiooni? Kes on kunagi seadistanud Elasticsearch'i replikatsiooni? Ja kellel see on p\u00e4rast normaalselt t\u00f6\u00f6tanud? Mida ma m\u00f5tlen: n\u00e4eme meie s\u00fcsteemis mingit olemust. See tundub olevat kasulik \u2014 aga see on keeruline.
\n\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0439. \u041b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442. \u041b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0414\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u2026 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u043d, elastic \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e elastic \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u0410 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d? \u0418\u0434\u0451\u043c \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u00ab90% \u0438\u0437 \u042f\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u00bb. \u0418 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d 10% \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0410 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e elastic’a, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u2014 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434? \u041c\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c elastic \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u043c\u044b, \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n

\"\u00dcleminek:
\n<\/p>\n

Example number four, even more complicated.<\/h4>\n

\nIntegrator: flower sales, taxi calls, product sales, in general, anything. A serious setup that operates 24\/7 for a large number of users. With a fully featured interesting stack, containing intriguing databases, solutions, high loads, and most importantly, being down for more than 5 minutes is painful. Not just because people won\u2019t buy, but because they will see that this thing isn\u2019t working, get upset, and might not come back at all. <\/p>\n

Okay. Five minutes. What are we going to do about this? In this case, we seriously build a real backup site with replication of everything and possibly even automate the switch to this site to the maximum. And in addition to that, one important thing should not be forgotten: to actually write a switching procedure. The procedure, even if everything is automated, can be very simple. Like \"run this ansible scenario,\" \"check this box in Route 53,\" and so on \u2014 but it should be a precise list of actions. <\/p>\n

Ja k\u00f5ik tundub olevat selge. Replikatsiooni aktiveerimine on triviaalne \u00fclesanne, v\u00f5i siis aktiveerub see ise. Domeeninime m\u00f5ttevahetus DNS-is kuulub sama kategooriasse. Probleem on selles, et kui sarnane projekt eba\u00f5nnestub, tekib paanika, ja isegi k\u00f5ige tugevamad, kogenud administraatorid v\u00f5ivad selle all murduda. Ilma selgete juhisteta \"ava terminal, mine siia, meie serveri aadress on endiselt selline\" on raske pidada 5-minutilist t\u00e4htaega elustamiseks. Lisaks, kui me seda korda kasutame, on lihtne fikseerida mingeid muudatusi infrastruktuuris, n\u00e4iteks \u2014 ja vastavalt sellele muuta korda.
\nKuid, kui broneerimiss\u00fcsteem on v\u00e4ga keeruline ja mingil hetkel teeme vea, v\u00f5ime me l\u00fckata alla ka meie varukoha, ning lisaks muuta andmed m\u00f5lemas kohas peaaegu kasutuks \u2014 see oleks t\u00f5eliselt kurb. <\/p>\n

\"\u00dcleminek:
\n<\/p>\n

N\u00e4ide number viis, t\u00e4ielik hardcore.<\/h4>\n

\nRahvusvaheline teenus, millel on sadu milioneid kasutajaid \u00fcle kogu maailma. K\u00f5ik ajav\u00f6\u00f6ndid, mis ainult olemas on, k\u00f5rge koormus maksimaalselt, ei tohi \u00fcldse olla h\u00e4ired. \u00dcks minut \u2014 ja olukord muutub kurvaks. Mida teha? Broneerida, j\u00e4lle t\u00e4ielikult. Tehtud on k\u00f5ik, millest eelnevas n\u00e4ites r\u00e4\u00e4kisin, ja veel natuke rohkem. Ideaalne maailm, ja meie infrastruktuur \u2013 see on k\u00f5igis DevOps'i m\u00f5istes IaaC. See t\u00e4hendab, et k\u00f5ik on git'is, ja vajuta lihtsalt nuppu. <\/p>\n

Mida puudu j\u00e4\u00e4b? \u00dcht \u2014 harjutusi. Ilma nendeta ei saa. Tundub, et meil on k\u00f5ik ideaalne, meil on t\u00f5eliselt k\u00f5ik kontrolli all. Vaatame nuppu, k\u00f5ik juhtub. Isegi kui see nii on \u2014 ja me m\u00f5istame, et see ei ole t\u00f5si \u2014 meie s\u00fcsteem suhtleb mingite teiste s\u00fcsteemidega. N\u00e4iteks, see on DNS Route 53-lt, S3 salvestamiseks, integreerimine mingite API-dega. K\u00f5ike ette n\u00e4ha selle h\u00fcpoteetilise eksperimendi raames me ei suuda. Ja kuni me reaalsetl l\u00fclitit ei t\u00f5mba \u2014 ei saa me teada, kas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab v\u00f5i mitte. <\/p>\n

\"\u00dcleminek:
\n
\nSellega on vist k\u00f5ik. \u00c4rge olge laisk ja \u00e4rge \u00fcle pingutage. Ja las uptime olgu teiega!
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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