{"id":36393,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/failover-nas-gubit-perfektsionizm-i-len\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","slug":"failover-nas-gubit-perfektsionizm-i-len","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/failover-nas-gubit-perfektsionizm-i-len","title":{"rendered":"Failover: meid nuhtleb perfektsionism ja... laiskus","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Suvel v\u00e4heneb tavaliselt nii ostjate aktiivsus kui ka veebiprojektide infrastruktuuri muudatuste intensiivsus, \u00fctleb meile Kapten Ilmselge. Lihtsalt sellep\u00e4rast, et isegi IT- spetsialistid, juhtub, k\u00e4ivad puhkamas. Ja CTO ka. Mida raskem on neile, kes j\u00e4\u00e4vad ametisse, aga praegu ei ole sellest juttu: v\u00f5ib-olla on just sellep\u00e4rast suvi - parim aeg, et rahulikult m\u00f5elda olemasolevale broneerimise skeemile ja koostada plaan selle parendamiseks. Ja selles osas on teile kasulik Einar Andrejevi kogemus AdminDivision<\/a><\/noindex>, millest ta r\u00e4\u00e4kis konverentsil Uptime day<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/p>\n

Backup-platvormide loomisel ja broneerimisel on mitmeid l\u00f5kse, millesse v\u00f5ib sattuda. Ja nendesse sattuda ei tohi. Meid hukutab k\u00f5ikjal selles, nagu ka paljus muus, perfektsionism ja\u2026 laiskus. P\u00fc\u00fcame teha k\u00f5ike t\u00e4iesti t\u00e4iuslikult, kuigi t\u00e4iuslikult ei pea! Tuleb teha ainult teatud asju, aga teha need \u00f5igesti, l\u00f5puni viia, et need korralikult t\u00f6\u00f6taksid. <\/p>\n

Failover ei ole mingi l\u00f5bus m\u00e4nguasi, mis on lihtsalt olemas; see on asi, mis peab saavutama \u00fche eesm\u00e4rgi \u2014 v\u00e4hendada seisakuaega, et teenus ja ettev\u00f5te kaotaks v\u00e4hem raha. K\u00f5ikide varukoopiametodite puhul soovitan m\u00f5elda j\u00e4rgmistel ridadel: kus on raha?<\/p>\n

\"Failover:
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nEsimene l\u00f5ks<\/b>: kui me ehitame suurt ja usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rset s\u00fcsteemi ning tegeleme varukoopiate tegemisega \u2014 v\u00e4hendame \u00f5nnetuste arvu. See on kohutav eksitus. Varukoopia tegemisega suurendame t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt \u00f5nnetuste arvu. Kui teeme k\u00f5ik \u00f5igesti, v\u00e4hendame kombineeritult seisakuaega. \u00d5nnetusi tuleb rohkem, kuid need toimuvad v\u00e4iksemate kuludega. Mis on varukoopia tegemine? \u2014 see on s\u00fcsteemi keerukuse suurendamine. Iga keerukus on halb: meil on rohkem kruve, rohkem hammasrattasid, kokku rohkem komponente \u2014 seega on rike t\u00f5en\u00e4olisem. Ja nad murduvad t\u00f5epoolest. Ja nad murduvad sagedamini. N\u00e4iteks: \u00fctleme, et meil on mingi veebileht PHP ja MySQL abil. Ja see tuleb kiiresti varundada. <\/p>\n

Noh, v\u00f5tame teise platvormi, loome identse s\u00fcsteemi... keerukus kahekordistub \u2014 meil on kaks \u00fcksust. Ja lisaks rakendame me teatud andmete \u00fclekande loogikat \u00fchelt platvormilt teisele \u2014 see t\u00e4hendab andmete replikatsiooni, staatika kopeerimist ja nii edasi. Noh, replikatsiooni loogika on tavaliselt v\u00e4ga keeruline, mist\u00f5ttu s\u00fcsteemi kogune keerukus v\u00f5ib olla mitte 2, vaid 3, 5, 10 korda suurem. <\/p>\n

Teine l\u00f5ks<\/b>: kui me ehitame t\u00f5eliselt suuri ja keerulisi s\u00fcsteeme, fantaseerime, mida me l\u00f5ppkokkuv\u00f5ttes soovime. Voil\u00e0: me tahame superusaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rset s\u00fcsteemi, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab t\u00e4iesti katkestusteta, l\u00fclitub \u00fcle poole sekundi (veel parem, kui kohe), ja hakkame oma unistusi ellu viima. Kuid siin on \u00fcks n\u00fcanss: mida v\u00e4hem soovitud \u00fcmberl\u00fclitusaeg on, seda keerulisemaks muutub s\u00fcsteemi loogika. Mida keerukamaks me peame seda loogikat tegema, seda sagedamini s\u00fcsteem rikki l\u00e4heb. Ja v\u00f5ib juhtuda, et satume v\u00e4ga ebameeldivasse olukorda: me p\u00fc\u00fcame iga hinna eest katkestusaega v\u00e4hendada, aga tegelikult teeme k\u00f5ik keerukamaks, ja kui midagi l\u00e4heb valesti, on katkestusaeg l\u00f5ppkokkuv\u00f5ttes suurem. Tihti tabad ennast m\u00f5ttelt: oh\u2026 oleks parem, kui me ei oleks varunud. Oluliselt parem oleks, kui see \u00fcksnes t\u00f6\u00f6taks ja oleks arusaadav katkestusaeg. <\/p>\n

Kuidas sellise olukorraga v\u00f5idelda? Tuleb l\u00f5petada endale valetamist, l\u00f5petada endale meelitamine, et me hakkame siin ehitama kosmoselaeva, vaid m\u00f5ista adekvaatselt, kui kaua projekt v\u00f5ib seisma j\u00e4\u00e4da. Ja selle maksimaalse aja alusel valime, milliseid meetodeid kasutame meie s\u00fcsteemi usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsuse suurendamiseks. <\/p>\n

\"Failover:
\n
\n\u00d5ige aeg \u00abelust lugude\u00bb jaoks... muidugi elust. <\/p>\n

N\u00e4ide number \u00fcks<\/h4>\n

\nKujutage ette visiitkaardisaidi torutootmisettev\u00f5ttest nr 1 linnas N. Sellel on suured kirjad \u2014 TORUTOOTMISETTEV\u00d5TE NR 1. Natuke allpool on loosung: \u00abMeie torud on N linna k\u00f5ige \u00fcmaramad torud\u00bb. Ja all on peadirektori telefoninumber ja tema nimi. M\u00f5istame, et broneerimine on vajalik \u2014 see on v\u00e4ga oluline asjaolu! Alustame uurimisega, millest see koosneb. HTML-staatika \u2014 see t\u00e4hendab paar pilti, kus peadirektor koos oma partneriga arutavad mingit kokkulepet sauna lauas. Alustame m\u00f5tlema seiskamisaegadele. Tuleb meelde: seal peab olema viis minutit, mitte rohkem. Ja siis k\u00fcsimus: kui palju on meie saidilt tulnud m\u00fc\u00fcke? Kui palju-kui palju? Mis t\u00e4hendab \u00abnull\u00bb? Ja see t\u00e4hendab: sest k\u00f5ik neli tehingut eelmisel aastal tegi peadirektor sama laua taga, nende samade inimestega, kellega nad saunas laua taga istuvad. Ja m\u00f5istame, et isegi kui p\u00e4ev veedetakse saidiga \u2014 pole midagi hullu. <\/p>\n

Sissejuhatuse p\u00f5hjal on selle loo t\u00f5stmiseks aega p\u00e4ev. Alustame broneerimissemma m\u00f5tlemist. Valime parima broneerimisplaane antud n\u00e4ite jaoks: me ei kasuta broneerimist. K\u00f5ik see t\u00f5useb \u00fcles \u00fche administraatori poolt poole tunni jooksul, sealhulgas pauside jooksul. Paigaldada veebiserver, laadida failid \u2014 k\u00f5ik. See hakkab t\u00f6\u00f6le. Mingeid t\u00e4helepanusid ei ole vaja j\u00e4lgida, millelegi ei ole vaja erilist t\u00e4helepanu p\u00f6\u00f6rata. Seega on esimese n\u00e4ite j\u00e4reldus \u00fcsna ilmne: teenuseid, mida ei ole vaja broneerida \u2014 ei ole vaja broneerida.<\/p>\n

\"Failover:
\n<\/p>\n

Teine n\u00e4ide<\/h4>\n

\n\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 PHP \u0441 WordPress, \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c-\u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u2014 \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442!\u00bb, \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442? \u0422\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u042f\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0417\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e. \u0410 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b? \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e. \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e-\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, PHP, WordPress, MySQL, \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0412 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f mysql \u043d\u0430 50 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e failover’a. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e. <\/p>\n

\"Failover:
\n<\/p>\n

N\u00e4ide number kolm, keerulisem<\/h4>\n

\nVeebipood. PhP koos natuke muudetud open heartiga, mysql tugevate andmetega. \u00dcksjagu staatilist sisu (sest veebipoes on ilusad HD-pildid ja k\u00f5ik selline), Redis sessioonide jaoks ja Elasticsearch otsingu jaoks. Hakkame m\u00f5tlema seisakuajale. Siin on selge, et p\u00e4ev ilma probleemideta veebipoe olla ei saa. Mida kauem see seisab, seda rohkem raha me kaotame. Peame kiirendama. Ja kui palju? Arvan, et kui me tunni jooksul seisame, ei juhtu kellegagi midagi. Jah, me kaotame midagi, kuid kui hakkame liiga pingutama - see ainult halvendab olukorda. M\u00e4\u00e4ratleme seiskamise skeemi, mis on tunni jooksul lubatud.<\/p>\n

Kuidas k\u00f5ik see broneerida? Masin on igal juhul vajalik: tund aega on \u00fcsna v\u00e4he. Mysql: siin on juba vajalik replikatsioon, elav replikatsioon, sest tunniga 100 GB dump'i t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt ei mahuks. Statiika, pildid: taas, tunni jooksul v\u00f5ib 500 GB mitte sisse mahtuda. Seega on parem pildid kohe kopeerida. Redis: siin on huvitavam. Redis-asetsevad seansid \u2014 me ei saa seda lihtsalt \u00e4ra h\u00e4vitada. Sest see ei oleks just v\u00e4ga hea: k\u00f5ik kasutajad j\u00e4\u00e4vad v\u00e4lja logitud, ostukorvid j\u00e4\u00e4vad t\u00fchjaks ja nii edasi. Inimesed peavad uuesti oma login'i ja paroolid sisestama ning palju inimesi v\u00f5ib lahkuda ja ostu l\u00f5petada. Taas, konversioon langeb. Teiselt poolt, Redis on t\u00e4pselt sama aktiivne, viimane sisseloginud kasutajatega, ega ka see ei ole vajalik. Hea kompromiss on v\u00f5tta Redis ja taastada see varukoopiatest, eilsest, v\u00f5i kui teil on see iga tunni p\u00e4rast olemas, siis tunni vanusest. \u00d5nneks on selle taastamine varukoopiast \u00fche faili kopeerimine. Ja k\u00f5ige huvitavam lugu on Elasticsearch. Kes on kunagi k\u00e4ivitanud MySQL replikatsiooni? Kes on kunagi k\u00e4ivitanud Elasticsearch replikatsiooni? Ja kelle replikatsioon t\u00f6\u00f6tas p\u00e4rast tavaliselt normaalselt? Mida ma silmas pean: me n\u00e4eme meie s\u00fcsteemis mingit olemust. See n\u00e4ib olevat kasulik, kuid siiski keeruline.
\n\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0439. \u041b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442. \u041b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0414\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u2026 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u043d, elastic \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e elastic \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u0410 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d? \u0418\u0434\u0451\u043c \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u00ab90% \u0438\u0437 \u042f\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u00bb. \u0418 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d 10% \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0410 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e elastic’a, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u2014 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434? \u041c\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c elastic \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u043c\u044b, \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n

\"Failover:
\n<\/p>\n

N\u00e4ide number neli, veel keerulisem<\/h4>\n

\nIntegratsioon: lillede m\u00fc\u00fck, taksoteenuse v\u00e4ljakutse, kaupade m\u00fc\u00fck \u2013 sisuliselt \u00fcksk\u00f5ik, mida. T\u00f5sine asi, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab 24\/7 suure kasutajate arvu juures. T\u00e4is huvitavat tehnoloogiat, kus on huvitavad andmebaasid, lahendused, suur koormus, ja mis k\u00f5ige t\u00e4htsam, see ei saa olla nelja minuti jooksul v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitatud. Mitte ainult mitte selles osas, et inimesed ei osta, vaid sellep\u00e4rast, et inimesed n\u00e4evad, et see ei t\u00f6\u00f6ta, tunnevad pettumust ja v\u00f5ivad \u00fcldse mitte tagasi tulla. <\/p>\n

Olgu. Viis minutit. Mida me sellega teeme? Sellisel juhul ehitame t\u00f5siselt, kogu raha eest, tegeliku varukoha koos kogu ja k\u00f5igega replikeerimisega, ja v\u00f5ib-olla isegi automatiseerime selle varukoha vahetamise maksimaalselt. Ja lisaks ei tohi unustada teha \u00fchte olulist asja: kirjutada \u00fcmberl\u00fclitamise eeskiri. Eeskiri, isegi kui teil on k\u00f5ik automaatne, v\u00f5ib olla v\u00e4ga lihtne. N\u00e4iteks: \"k\u00e4ivitada selline ansible'i stsenaarium\", \"route 53-s vajuta sellele rukile\" jne \u2013 kuid see peab olema mingi t\u00e4pne tegevuste loetelu. <\/p>\n

Ja, see on arusaadav. Replikatsiooni vahetamine on triviaalne \u00fclesanne, v\u00f5i siis vahetub see iseenesest. Domeeninime muutmine DNS-is on sama lihtne. Probleem on aga selles, et kui selline projekt kokku kukub, algab paanika, ja isegi k\u00f5ige tugevamad, kogenud adminnid v\u00f5ivad selle ees n\u00f5rkena tunduda. Ilma selgete juhisteta \"ava terminal, mine siia, meie serveri aadress on endiselt see\" on raske \u00fclesande viie minuti jooksul ellu viia. Lisaks, kui me seda regulatsiooni j\u00e4rgime, on lihtne fikseerida igasuguseid muudatusi infrastruktuuris, n\u00e4iteks \u2013 ja vastavalt regulatsiooni muuta.
\nAga kui varunduss\u00fcsteem on v\u00e4ga keeruline ja mingil hetkel teeme vea, siis v\u00f5ime ka meie varukoha maapinda j\u00e4tta, ning lisaks muuta andmed m\u00f5lemal platvormil k\u00f5ikeks, see oleks v\u00e4ga kurb. <\/p>\n

\"Failover:
\n<\/p>\n

N\u00e4ide number viis, t\u00e4ielik hardcore<\/h4>\n

\nRahvusvaheline teenus, mis omab sadu miljoneid kasutajaid \u00fcle kogu maailma. K\u00f5ik ajav\u00f6\u00f6ndid, mis vaid olemas, k\u00f5rge koormusega, ei tohi mingil juhul v\u00e4lja kukkuda. \u00dcks minut \u2014 ja juba on kurb. Mida teha? Reserveerige, uuesti t\u00e4ieliku programmiga. Oleme teinud k\u00f5ik, millest r\u00e4\u00e4kis eelnevas n\u00e4ites, ja isegi natuke rohkem. T\u00e4iuslik maailm ja meie infrastruktuur \u2014 see on k\u00f5ik IaaC DevOps m\u00f5istes. See t\u00e4hendab, et k\u00f5ik on git'is, ja vajutage lihtsalt nuppu. <\/p>\n

Mida puudu j\u00e4\u00e4b? \u00dchte \u2014 harjutustest. Ilma nendeta ei saa. Tundub, et meil on k\u00f5ik ideaalne, meil on k\u00f5ik t\u00e4iesti kontrolli all. Vajutame nuppu, k\u00f5ik toimub. Isegi kui see nii on \u2014 ja me m\u00f5istame, et nii ei juhtu \u2014 meie s\u00fcsteem suhtleb m\u00f5ne muu s\u00fcsteemiga. N\u00e4iteks DNS Route 53-lt, S3 salvestusruum, integratsioon erinevate API-dega. Me ei suuda k\u00f5ike ette n\u00e4ha selles h\u00fcpoteetilises eksperimendis. Ja seni, kuni me t\u00f5esti l\u00fclitit ei l\u00fckka \u2014 ei saa me teada, kas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab v\u00f5i mitte. <\/p>\n

\"Failover:
\n
\nK\u00fcllap see ongi k\u00f5ik. \u00c4rge laiskuge ja \u00e4rge liialdage. Ja olgu uptime teiega!
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u041a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a. \u0418 C\u0422\u041e \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Failover: meid tapab perfektsionism ja\u2026 laiskus | ProHoster","description":"Suvel on traditsiooniliselt nii ostuj\u00f5ud kui ka veebiprojektide infrastruktuuri muutmise intensiivsus madalam, \u00fctleb meile Kapten Ilmselgus. Lihtsalt seet\u00f5ttu, et isegi IT-spetsialistid, juhtub, l\u00e4hevad puhkusele. Ja CTO ka. Seda raskem on neile, kes j\u00e4\u00e4vad kohale, kuid praegu ei ole sellest juttu: v\u00f5ib-olla just seet\u00f5ttu on suvi parim aeg, et rahulikult \u00fcle vaadata olemasolev reserveerimisskeem.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/failover-nas-gubit-perfektsionizm-i-len","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Failover: \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0438\u2026 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c | 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