{"id":36394,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","slug":"podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","title":{"rendered":"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00f5rgus on palju materjale RSTP protokolli kohta. K\u00e4esolevas artiklis soovitan v\u00f5rrelda RSTP protokolli patenteeritud protokolliga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phoenixcontactpro.ru\">Phoenix Contact <\/a><\/noindex>\u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>RSTP rakendamise \u00fcksikasjad<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00dclevaade<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Koonduv aeg<\/i> \u2013 1-10 c<br \/>\n<i>V\u00f5imalikud topoloogiad<\/i> \u2013 \u00fcksk\u00f5ik milline<\/p>\n<p>Levinud on arvamus, et RSTP v\u00f5imaldab l\u00fclitite \u00fchendamist ainult ringina:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6cc708e397d6fbfd3d3ff0bd67dab9dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nKuid RSTP v\u00f5imaldab l\u00fcliteid \u00fchendada vabalt. N\u00e4iteks sellise topoloogia korral suudab RSTP toime tulla.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f204b8915afaae5183a0be55c660385d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Toimimisp\u00f5him\u00f5te<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP muudab iga topoloogia puuks. \u00dcks l\u00fclititest muutub topoloogia keskuseks \u2013 juurl\u00fclitiks. Juurl\u00fcliti laseb l\u00e4bi k\u00f5ige rohkem andmeid.<\/p>\n<p>RSTP toimimisp\u00f5him\u00f5te on j\u00e4rgmine:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>l\u00fclititele antakse toide;<\/li>\n<li>valitakse juurl\u00fcliti;<\/li>\n<li>teised l\u00fclitid m\u00e4\u00e4ravad k\u00f5ige kiirema tee juurl\u00fclitini;<\/li>\n<li>j\u00e4ljmiseks j\u00e4\u00e4vad kanalid blokeerituks ja muutuvad reserviks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<i>Juurl\u00fcliti valimine<\/i><\/p>\n<p>RSTP l\u00fclitid vahetavad BPDU pakette. BPDU on teenusepakett, mis sisaldab RSTP teavet. BPDU on kahte t\u00fc\u00fcpi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Configuration BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>Topology Change Notification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nConfiguration BPDU-d kasutatakse topoloogia ehitamiseks. Seda saadab ainult juurl\u00fcliti. Configuration BPDU sisaldab:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>saatja identifikaator (Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>juurl\u00fcliti identifikaator (Root Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>sadula identifikaator, mille kaudu see pakk saadeti (Port ID);<\/li>\n<li>marsruudi maksumus juurl\u00fclitini (Root Path Cost).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTopology Change Notification'i v\u00f5ib saata \u00fcksk\u00f5ik milline l\u00fcliti. Need saadetakse topoloogia muutumisel.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e4rast sisse l\u00fclitamist peavad k\u00f5ik l\u00fclitid end juurl\u00fclititeks. Nad alustavad BPDU pakettide edastamist. Kui l\u00fcliti saab BPDU, mille Bridge ID on v\u00e4iksem kui tema enda, l\u00f5petab ta end juurl\u00fclitina lugemise.<\/p>\n<p>Bridge ID koosneb kahest v\u00e4\u00e4rtusest \u2013 MAC-aadressist ja Bridge Priority'st. MAC-aadressi me muuta ei saa. Bridge Priority vaikimisi on 32768. Kui Bridge Priority't ei muuda, saab juurika l\u00fcliti, millel on v\u00e4ikseim MAC-aadress. L\u00fcliti, millel on v\u00e4ikseim MAC-aadress, on k\u00f5ige vanem ja v\u00f5ib-olla mitte k\u00f5ige tootlikum. Soovitatav on k\u00e4sitsi m\u00e4\u00e4rata juurika l\u00fcliti topoloogias. Selleks peab juurika l\u00fclitil olema seadistatud madal Bridge Priority (n\u00e4iteks 0). Samuti saab m\u00e4\u00e4rata varul\u00fc\u00fctise juurika l\u00fcliti, andes sellele pisut suurema Bridge Priority (n\u00e4iteks 4096).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f5142141d67a8d8704b8caa5c4f20109.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Teekonna valimine juurika l\u00fclitini<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Juurika l\u00fcliti edastab k\u00f5ikidesse aktiivsetesse portidesse BPDU pakette. BPDU-l on Path Cost v\u00e4li. Path Cost t\u00e4histab teekonna maksumust. Mida k\u00f5rgem on teekonna maksumus, seda kauem kulub paketi edastamiseks. Kui BPDU l\u00e4bib porti, lisatakse Path Cost v\u00e4li maksumus. Lisatud arvu nimetatakse Port Cost'iks.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/99a7fa4cd3eec220285a4c83545d8bb4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPath Cost'ile lisatakse kindel v\u00e4\u00e4rtus, kui BPDU l\u00e4bib m\u00f5nda porti. See v\u00e4\u00e4rtus, mida lisatakse, nimetatakse portide maksumuseks (Port Cost) ja selle v\u00f5ib m\u00e4\u00e4rata nii k\u00e4sitsi kui automaatselt. Port Cost'i saab m\u00e4\u00e4rata nii k\u00e4sitsi kui automaatselt.<\/p>\n<p>Kui mitte-juurika l\u00fclitil on mitu alternatiivset teed juurika l\u00fclitini, valib ta kiireima. Ta v\u00f5rdleb nende teede Path Cost'e. See port, mille kaudu saabus BPDU, millel on k\u00f5ige madalam Path Cost, muutub juureka (Root Port).<\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/49817c79ddadb0019986b67568123739.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c4bd719750839a627771aeee41b45ae5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/861e37223cc924163d9e71e9ff06bdb2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nAutomaatsete portide maksumused saadakse tabelist:<\/p>\n<p>Pordi edastuskiirus<br \/>\nPordi maksumus<\/p>\n<p>10 Mb\/s<br \/>\n2 000 000<\/p>\n<p>100 Mb\/s<br \/>\n200 000<\/p>\n<p>1 Gb\/s<br \/>\n20 000<\/p>\n<p>10 Gb\/s<br \/>\n2 000<\/p>\n<p>\n<i>Portide rollid ja staatuse<\/i><\/p>\n<p>L\u00fcliti portidel on mitu staatust ja rolli.<\/p>\n<p><i>Portide staatused (STP jaoks):<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Disabled \u2013 mitteaktiivne.<\/li>\n<li>Blocking \u2013 kuulab BPDU, kuid ei edasta. Andmeid ei edasta.<\/li>\n<li>Listening \u2013 kuulab ja edastab BPDU. Andmeid ei edasta.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 kuulab ja edastab BPDU. Valmistub andmete edastamiseks \u2013 t\u00e4idab MAC-aadresside tabelit.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 edastab andmeid, kuulab ja edastab BPDU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSTP konvergentsiaeg \u2013 30-50 sekundit. P\u00e4rast l\u00fcliti sissel\u00fclitamist l\u00e4bivad k\u00f5ik portid k\u00f5ik staatused. Igas staatuses viibib port paar sekundit. Selle tegevusprintsi t\u00f5ttu on STP-l nii pikk konvergentsiaeg. RSTP-l on v\u00e4hem portide staatuseid.<\/p>\n<p>Portide staatused (RSTP jaoks):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 mitteaktiivne.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 kuulab BPDU-d, kuid ei edasta. Andmeid ei edastata.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 kuulab ja edastab BPDU-d. Andmeid ei edastata.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 kuulab ja edastab BPDU. Valmistub andmete edastamiseks \u2013 t\u00e4idab MAC-aadresside tabelit.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 edastab andmeid, kuulab ja edastab BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>RSTP-s on staatused Disabled, Blocking ja Listening \u00fchendatud \u00fcheks \u2013 Discarding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPortide rollid:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Root port \u2013 port, mille kaudu andmeid edastatakse. See on k\u00f5ige kiireim tee juurkommutaatorini.<\/li>\n<li>Designated port \u2013 port, mille kaudu andmeid edastatakse. M\u00e4\u00e4ratud iga LAN-segmendi jaoks.<\/li>\n<li>Alternate port \u2013 port, mille kaudu andmeid ei edastata. See on alternatiivne tee juurkommutaatorini.<\/li>\n<li>Backup port \u2013 port, mille kaudu andmeid ei edastata. See on reserveeritud tee segmendile, kus on juba \u00fcks RSTP-toega port. Backup porti kasutatakse, kui kaks kommutaatori kanalit on \u00fchendatud sama segmendiga (loe: hubiga).<\/li>\n<li>Disabled port \u2013 RSTP on sellel porti v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitatud.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRoot Porti valik on eespool kirjeldatud. Kuidas valitakse Designated port?<\/p>\n<p>Esiteks m\u00e4\u00e4ratleme, mis on LAN-segment. LAN-segment on kokkup\u00f5rked <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/domain\/\"   title=\"domeen\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4076\">domeen<\/a>. Iga kommutaatori v\u00f5i marsruuteri port moodustab eraldi kokkup\u00f5rke domeeni. LAN-segment on kanal kommutaatorite v\u00f5i marsruuteri vahel. Hubi kohta r\u00e4\u00e4kides on k\u00f5ik hubi portid \u00fches kokkup\u00f5rke domeenis.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dchele segmendile m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse ainult \u00fcks Designated Port.<\/p>\n<p>Segmente, kus on juba Root Port'id, on lihtne m\u00f5ista. Teine port segmendis saab Designated Port-iks.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1699b684ba6d856905782ff8de3b90ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKuid j\u00e4\u00e4vad reserveerimiskanaleid, kus on \u00fcks Designated Port ja \u00fcks Alternate Port. Kuidas need valitakse? Designated Port saab port, millel on v\u00e4ikseim Path Cost juurkommutaatorini. Kui Path Cost on v\u00f5rdsed, siis on Designated Port see port, mis asub kommutaatoril, millel on v\u00e4ikseim Bridge ID. Kui ka Bridge ID on v\u00f5rdsed, siis saab Designated Port port, millel on k\u00f5ige v\u00e4iksem number. Teine port on Alternate.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/da1304c9922f1e2d738d66e543b3818e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/341ea14a428914bd0d86c7c79ad6dbcb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nJ\u00e4\u00e4nud on viimane punkt: millal m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse porti roll Backup? Nagu eespool \u00f6eldi, kasutatakse Backup port'i ainult juhul, kui kaks kommutaatori kanalit on \u00fchendatud sama segmendi, st hubiga. Sellisel juhul valitakse Designated Port t\u00e4pselt sama kriteeriumi j\u00e4rgi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00e4ikseim Path Cost juurkommutaatorini.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e4ikseim Bridge ID.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e4ikseim Port ID.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Maksimaalne seadmete arv v\u00f5rgus.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>IEEE 802.1D standard does not impose strict requirements on the number of devices in a LAN with RSTP. However, the standard recommends using no more than 7 switches in one branch (no more than 7 hops), i.e., no more than 15 in a ring. Exceeding this value starts to increase the convergence time of the network.<\/p>\n<p><b>Implementation details of ERR.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00dclevaade<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Koonduv aeg<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The convergence time of ERR is 15 ms. With the maximum number of switches in the ring and the presence of ring coupling, it is 18 ms.<\/p>\n<p><i>V\u00f5imalikud topoloogiad<\/i><\/p>\n<p>ERR does not allow free combination of devices like RSTP. ERR has specific topologies that can be used:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ring<\/li>\n<li>Duplicated Ring<\/li>\n<li>Coupling up to three rings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a54a8f3717948eb9066e6940f064962d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ring<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f905a0d6a789fc16fb0fbaea5f47e861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nWhen all switches are combined into one ring in ERR, it is necessary to configure the ports on each switch that will participate in building the ring.<\/p>\n<p><i>Double Ring<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c578e1191b924f81d6cae1392f6b5fd5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nSwitches can be combined into a double ring, which significantly increases the reliability of the ring.<\/p>\n<p>Double ring limitations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A double ring cannot be used to couple switches with other rings. For this, it is necessary to use Ring Coupling.<\/li>\n<li>A double ring cannot be used for coupling rings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/53ac9708e0cb2bf015022a0b419fb0eb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0cb44b8e9256304cb9d75a98e9a43ec1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ring Coupling<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3a140cd59223bd91d3871dd7d2b1710a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nWhen coupling, there can be no more than 200 devices in the network.<\/p>\n<p>Ring coupling implies combining other rings into another ring.<\/p>\n<p>If a ring is connected to the coupling ring through one switch, it is called <b>ring coupling through one switch<\/b>. If two switches from the local ring connect to the coupling ring, it will be <b>coupling through two switches<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>In coupling through one switch, both ports on the device are used. The convergence time in this case will be approximately 15-17 ms. With this type of coupling, the coupling switch will be a single point of failure, as losing this switch means losing the entire ring. Coupling through two switches allows to avoid this issue.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0b92b7b888a08794e21d3d2e061fd23e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/46121d428a21674a437544be007ed00a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nIt is possible to couple duplicated rings.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3864138dcc5e82b9e12753eef2292bbd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<i>Path Control<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/177a49f38e69c754de7af0b36d0c62e0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nThe Path Control function allows you to configure the ports through which data will be transmitted in normal operating mode. If the channel fails and the network restructures to a backup topology, then after the channel is restored, the network will revert back to the specified topology.<\/p>\n<p>See funktsioon aitab s\u00e4\u00e4sta varure\u017eiimi kaablil. Lisaks on alati teada, millist topoloogiat kasutatakse t\u00f5rkeotsinguks.<\/p>\n<p>Peamine topoloogia vahetatakse varure\u017eiimi 15 ms jooksul. Tagasivahetamine v\u00f5rgu taastumisel v\u00f5tab aega umbes 30 ms.<\/p>\n<p>Piirangud:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ei saa kasutada koos Dual Ringiga.<\/li>\n<li>Funktsioon peab olema aktiveeritud k\u00f5igis v\u00f5rgus olevates l\u00fclitites.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dcks l\u00fclititest seadistatakse p\u00f5hikanali juhtimiseks.<\/li>\n<li>Automaatne \u00fcleminek peamisele topoloogiale p\u00e4rast taastumist toimub vaikimisi 1 sekundi jooksul (seda parameetrit saab muuta SNMP abil vahemikus 0\u201399 sekundit).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Toimimisp\u00f5him\u00f5te<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/15b569669736d2cf9c6b0c0598b843fe.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nERR t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te<\/p>\n<p>V\u00f5tame n\u00e4iteks kuus l\u00fclitit \u2013 1-6. L\u00fclitid on \u00fchendatud ringina. Iga l\u00fcliti kasutab kaht porti ringiga \u00fchendamiseks ja salvestab nende olekud. L\u00fclitid edastavad \u00fcksteisele portide olekuteavet. Need andmed v\u00f5imaldavad seadmetel m\u00e4\u00e4rata portide algseisundi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/930fe8518756e8cf9acab76087c81198.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPortide ainus kaks rolli \u2013 <b>Blokeeritud<\/b> ja <b>Edelis<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fcliti, millel on suurim MAC-aadress, blokeerib oma porti. K\u00f5ik \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud portid ringis edastavad andmeid.<\/p>\n<p>Kui Blokeeritud port l\u00f5petab t\u00f6\u00f6, siis j\u00e4rgmine port, millel on suurim MAC-aadress, muutub Blokeerituks.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e4rast k\u00e4ivitamist hakkavad l\u00fclitid saatma Ring Protocol Data Unit (R-PDU). R-PDU edastatakse multicasti kaudu. R-PDU on teenusteade, just nagu BPDU RSTP-s. R-PDU sisaldab l\u00fcliti portide olekuid ja selle MAC-aadressi. <\/p>\n<p><i>K\u00e4itumisalgoritm kanalite t\u00f5rke korral<\/i><br \/>\nKui kanal t\u00f5rkeb, saadavad l\u00fclitid R-PDU, et teavitada portide oleku muutumisest.<\/p>\n<p><i>K\u00e4itumisalgoritm kanalite taastamise korral<\/i><br \/>\nKui t\u00f5rkunud kanal pannakse t\u00f6\u00f6le, saadavad l\u00fclitid R-PDU, et teavitada portide oleku muutumisest.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fcliti, millel on suurim MAC-aadress, saab uuesti juurel\u00fc\u00fctiks.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f5rkunud kanal muutub varure\u017eiimiks.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/863a98f53a8792935ef492b2a798b8ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e0972cdee89606adec01a2924f907a8e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3e873198ff0a68bd09627408ff465722.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dff04828d8778263c4808ccd7594eefb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dfdb2a89ce223f0fa0eda950d411aaba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00e4rast taastumist j\u00e4\u00e4b \u00fcks kanali portidest blokeerituks, samal ajal kui teine muudetakse edeliseks. Blokeerituks muutub port, millel on k\u00f5rgeim kiirus. Kui kiirus on sama, muutub blokeerituks l\u00fcliti port, millel on suurim MAC-aadress. See p\u00f5him\u00f5te v\u00f5imaldab blokeerida porti, mis l\u00e4heb olekust blokeeritud olekusse edelis maksimaalse kiirusena.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/911468a4eb3902af9ffc3bdc51958604.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Maksimaalne seadmete arv v\u00f5rgus.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ERR ringis v\u00f5ib olla maksimaalselt 200 l\u00fclitit. <\/p>\n<p><b>ERR ja RSTP koost\u00f6\u00f6<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP-d saab kasutada koos ERR-iga. Kuid RSTP-s\u00f5lm ja ERR-s\u00f5lm peaksid olema \u00fchendatud ainult \u00fche l\u00fcliti kaudu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ae522f0abf9c406542210fb8bce900fa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Elulookirjeldus<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ERR sobib suurep\u00e4raselt t\u00fc\u00fcpiliste topoloogiate loomiseks. N\u00e4iteks r\u00f5ngas v\u00f5i dubleeritud r\u00f5ngas.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5924f05c3395ac6e220b8d70a6dba79d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a2172fb28d3b37d01aea94d6673cc921.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSelliseid topoloogiaid kasutatakse sageli t\u00f6\u00f6stuslikes objektides varuplaneerimiseks.<\/p>\n<p>Lisaks saab ERR-i abil teise topoloogia ellu viia v\u00e4hem usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rselt, kuid odavamalt. Selleks saab kasutada dubleeritud r\u00f5ngast.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/08441dd845733c46b7d0e00d7e6de37b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKuid ERR-i ei saa alati rakendada. On piisavalt eksootilisi skeeme. \u00dche meie kliendiga testisime j\u00e4rgmist topoloogiat.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rakenduse \u00fcksikasjad RSTP ja patenteeritud Extended Ring Redundancy protokollide kohta\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e55fa8e688e2a66a44f36f854a2e4ad6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nAntud juhul ei olnud ERR-i rakendamine v\u00f5imalik. Selle skeemi jaoks kasutasime RSTP-d. Kliendi jaoks oli rangelt n\u00f5utud konvergentsiaeg \u2013 alla 3 sekundi. Selle ajavahemiku saavutamiseks tuli t\u00e4pselt m\u00e4\u00e4ratleda juur-l\u00fclitid (peamine ja reserv) ning k\u00e4sitsi portide maksumused.<\/p>\n<p>Kokkuv\u00f5ttes saavutab ERR konvergentsiaja osas m\u00e4rgatava eelise, kuid ei paku sellist paindlikkust, mida RSTP pakub.<br \/>\n<br \/>Allikas: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/phoenix_contact\/blog\/460633\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 Phoenix Contact \u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RSTP \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2013 1-10 c \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e: \u041d\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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