{"id":36425,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/konsensus-na-reputatsii-nody-nuzhen-li\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:34","slug":"konsensus-na-reputatsii-nody-nuzhen-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/konsensus-na-reputatsii-nody-nuzhen-li","title":{"rendered":"Node'i maine konsensus. Kas seda on vajalik?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0417\u043d\u0430\u044e-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u044c\u043c\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0443\u0447\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432: \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u0430-\u0434\u0430). \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 «\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439» \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 *\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0435 (Constellation<\/a><\/noindex>). \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u044c\u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e «\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c» \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c «\u0444\u0443, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0435», \u0442\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P.S. Ma ei ole tehnoloogia autor, ei saa lubada t\u00e4ielikku m\u00f5tte edastamist, seega ootan hea meelega kommentaare paranduste kohta, kui selliseid on.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Evolutsioon s\u00fcnkroonsetest konsensustest as\u00fcnkroonsete suunas<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u00f5lmed valitakse kindla protsessi abil (sama, mida kasutatakse DHT-s, n\u00e4iteks bittorrent), mis reguleerib d\u00fcnaamiliselt s\u00f5lmede kohustusi, et \u201ekergendada\u201c valideerimist v\u00f5i, mis on veelgi arusaadavam, saavutada konsensus. Valime 3 s\u00f5lmest koosnevad grupid ja viime l\u00e4bi konsensusvoorud paralleelselt, et \u00fcks s\u00f5lm saaks olla mitmes plokis vahendaja. See v\u00f5imaldab meil hallata tehinguid as\u00fcnkroonselt, mis p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt t\u00e4hendab, et meil moodustub samaaegselt mitu plokiahelat. Protsess sarnaneb v\u00f5rku, mille moodustavad paljud kiud, erinevalt s\u00f5lmedest, mis moodustavad aja jooksul \u00fche ahela. As\u00fcnkroonne v\u00f5i paralleelne t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine on skaleeritava programmeerimise aluseks, kuna see v\u00f5imaldab kasutada k\u00f5iki arvuti ressursse, kiirendades \u00fcldisi arvutusi. Seda v\u00f5rku nimetatakse suunatud akts\u00fckliliseks graafiks v\u00f5i DAG-iks arvutiteadustes.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nLineaarse plokiahela ribalaius versus DAG-i multiplicatiivne efekt, kus meil on mitu paralleelset plokiahela. <\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nGeomeetriline teostus lineaarse plokiahela vs DAG. Mustad punktid on plokid, valged punktid on s\u00f5lmed.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kasutame igas konsensuse voorus 3 s\u00f5lme, kuna see annab meile huvitavaid matemaatilisi protsesse andmete oleku arutamiseks, kujundades \"pinna tasapinna\" andmete kaudu kolmnurkadega, millel on sidemed. Seej\u00e4rel kasutab protokoll kolmnurki, et \"\u00f5mmelda\" optimaalse pinna, mis ei sisalda liigseid ega vastuolulisi andmeid ning millel on v\u00f5imalikult v\u00e4he kolmnurki. Algselt on see sarnane graafi \"minimaalsetele l\u00f5ikedele\", kuid matemaatiliselt on see tuletis v\u00f5i optimeerimisfunktsioon (mille kaudu funktsioon leiab l\u00fchima tee, mida ta saab pinna kaudu \u00fcletada). See l\u00fchim tee vastab optimaalsele andmete (tehingute) ladustamisele andmebaaside kergendamise grupis. Vastuolulised kolmnurksed \"plaatidel\" tagavad, et s\u00fcndmuste pind on tasane ja konfliktideta.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nGeomeetriline konfliktide tuvastamise \/ t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise rakendus. Konfliktne blokk loob t\u00e4iendava pinna plaadi. Eemaldame t\u00e4iendava pinna plaadi, et hoida s\u00fcndmuste pind tasase (= konfliktivaba). <\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Reputatsioonip\u00f5hine konsensus<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Optimaalses detsentraliseeritud p2p reputatsioonis\u00fcsteemis peab iga s\u00f5lm olema v\u00f5imeline iseseisvalt m\u00e4\u00e4rama oma usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsust teiste s\u00f5lmede suhtes. Meie s\u00fcsteem kasutab spetsiaalset mudelit, mis h\u00f5lmab transitiivseid suhteid v\u00f5i suhteid, mis s\u00f5lmel on teiste s\u00f5lmedega, globaalse hinnangu m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks. 'Oled nii hea kui sinu ettev\u00f5te.' L\u00f5pptulemus on 'moonutus' v\u00f5i gradient, mis p\u00f5hineb transitiivsel usaldusel v\u00f5i reputatsioonil k\u00f5ikides s\u00f5lmedes $DAGis v\u00f5i nende p\u00f5hikanalis. Seda v\u00f5ib pidada juustuh\u00f6\u00f6vel v\u00f5i harjaks, mis silub 'pinna tasandit' ja valib, milliseid 'kolmnurkseid plaate' siluda ja milliseid j\u00e4tta. Nii eemaldab konfliktiloogika tegelikult 'kolmnurgad'.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nDAG konfliktse fliseeriga, mis l\u00e4bib \"kaardus\" ruumi, mis on riivakujuline gradient ja on kavandatud konfliktse flise eemaldamiseks v\u00f5i \"kustutamiseks\".<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Osaline\/t\u00e4ielik s\u00f5lme skaleerimine<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u00f5rgu teoorias tuntakse optimaalse jaotuse tavaliselt kui \"ilma skaleerimiseta\", mida saab kirjeldada kui hierarhilist paigutust, kus suured keskused juhivad paljusid v\u00e4iksemaid perifeerseid s\u00f5lmi. See jaotus on n\u00e4htav looduses ja eesk\u00e4tt Internetis. Constellation kasutab seda arhitektuuri skaleerimise, st meie Graphi l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5ime v\u00f5i laiuse suurendamise jaoks.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nHierarhilise jaotuse efekt. Me saame lisada rohkem s\u00f5lmi, suurendades l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5imet.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hylochain \u2014 Kanali p\u00f5histe rakenduste tugi<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Meie l\u00e4henemist rakenduste toele v\u00f5ib pidada \u201edetsentraliseeritud nutilepingute platvormiks\u201d. Selle asemel, et keskne v\u00f5rk teeks kogu loogika ja t\u00f6\u00f6tleks k\u00f5iki rakenduse andmeid, koordineerib Constellation rakenduse andmeid \u201estandardsed kanalid\u201d, mida v\u00f5ib pidada televisioonijaamaks, mis edastab k\u00f5iki andmeid standards\u00fcsteemist. Iga standardne kanal v\u00f5ib rakendada oma kontrolliloogikat, mis lahendab oraaklite problemaatika, v\u00f5imaldades andmeproducentide ja transitiivsete standardsete s\u00fcsteemide autentsuse t\u00f5estamist. Standardsete kanalite v\u00f5rgud tagavad rakenduste paralleelse toe, kiirendades vastuv\u00f5tuaega, mis nutilepingute v\u00f5rgus on piiratud traditsioonilise s\u00fcnkroonse konsensusega.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nKaks standardset kanalit, mis on \u201e\u00fchilduvad\u201d $DAG v\u00f5rgus. Need v\u00f5ivad omavahel suhestuda v\u00f5i t\u00f5lgendada, kuna m\u00f5lemad on \u201eintegreeritud\u201d $DAG-iga, kasutades h\u00fcbriidseid s\u00f5lmi $DAG + Kanal.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hylochaini nimetatakse selle t\u00f5ttu, et meie rakendustoe l\u00e4henemisviisis on kasutatud funktsionaalset programmeerimisfunktsiooni, Recursion Schemes, MapReduce'i liidese loomiseks. Eelk\u00f5ige v\u00f5ivad Hylomorphismi (hylomorfsed) ja Metamorphismi (metamorfsed) rekursiooniskeemid olla integreeritud kontrollitavate p\u00e4ringute ja voogedastuse loomiseks staatilistes kanalites, kontrollides algebraatilisi andmet\u00fc\u00fcpe, nagu kontrollitakse ka op-kode nutikate lepingute jaoks. L\u00f5pptulemus on funktsionaalne MapReduce'i liides, mis on tuttav andmeinseneridele ja \u00fchilduv olemasoleva suurandmete tehnoloogiaga.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nHylomorfsed ja metamorfsed staatilised kanalid kontrasti jaoks. Metamorfses olekus saadetakse kahe staatilise kanali andmed metakanalisse plokki. Hylos kasutame kanali eelmist olekut, et k\u00fcsida (esitada konkreetne k\u00fcsimus) kahte muud kanalit ja seej\u00e4rel salvestame p\u00e4ringu tulemuse plokki.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tokenoomika ja selle seos Hylochainiga<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Kui ametlik kanal on loodud, saab seda integreerida $DAG kanalisse, kasutades ACI (Application Chain Interface) liidest. See liides on lihtsalt JSON objekt konfiguratsiooni teabe ja kanali avatud v\u00f5tmega. Avatud v\u00f5tme sidumine ametliku kanaliga on vajalik, et luua andmevahetuse mehhanism saidi ametlikku kanalisse. Kui ametlik kanal on juurutatud, saavad arendajad ise m\u00e4\u00e4rata, kuidas maksed $DAG v\u00f5rgustikus jaotatakse s\u00f5lmede ja operaatorite vahel.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Node'i
\nVoog teave juurdeostmiseks v\u00f5i teabe muutmiseks. Taotlus saadetakse $DAG-sse, vahendid saadetakse kanali kontole, tulemus saadetakse ostjale ja tehingu kontrollsumma saadetakse $DAG v\u00f5rku, mis seej\u00e4rel vabastab vahendid ametlikule kanalile.<\/em><\/p>\n

Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0417\u043d\u0430\u044e-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u044c\u043c\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0443\u0447\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432: \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u0430-\u0434\u0430). \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 «\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439» \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 *\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0435 (Constellation). \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u044c\u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e «\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c» \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0443 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Node'i maine konsensus. Kas see on vajalik? | ProHoster","description":"Tean, tean. Kr\u00fcptoprojekte on palju, erinevaid konsensuseid, nagu t\u00f6\u00f6 ja omandi, kuld, nafta ja isegi k\u00fcpsetatud pirukate p\u00f5hjal (jah, selline on ka olemas). Mis siis \u00fchtedest veel? Seda tahaksin arutada p\u00e4rast projekti *Constellation* \"kergendatud\" tehnilise dokumentatsiooni t\u00f5lke lugemist. 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