{"id":36671,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sql-zanimatelnye-zadachki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:01","slug":"sql-zanimatelnye-zadachki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sql-zanimatelnye-zadachki","title":{"rendered":"SQL. Huvitavad \u00fclesanded","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tere, Habr!<\/p>\n

Olen \u00fcle kolme aasta \u00f5petanud SQL-i erinevates koolitus keskustes ja \u00fcks minu t\u00e4helepanekutest on see, et \u00f5pilased omandavad ja m\u00f5istavad SQL-i paremini, kui neile esitatakse \u00fclesanne, mitte lihtsalt ei r\u00e4\u00e4gita v\u00f5imalustest ja teoreetilistest alustest.<\/p>\n

Selles artiklis jagan teiega oma \u00fclesannete nimekirja, mida annan \u00f5pilastele kodut\u00f6\u00f6ks ja mille \u00fcle me korraldame erinevaid ajur\u00fcnnakuid, mis viib s\u00fcgava ja selge arusaamiseni SQL-ist.<\/p>\n

\"SQL.
\n
\nSQL (\u02c8\u025bs\u02c8kju\u02c8\u025bl; ingl. structured query language \u2014 'struktureeritud p\u00e4ringute keel') on deklaratiivne programmeerimiskeel, mida kasutatakse andmete loomisel, muutmisel ja haldamisel relatiivselt andmebaasis, mida haldab vastav andmebaasihalduss\u00fcsteem. Loe edasi... <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

SQList on v\u00f5imalik lugeda erinevatest allikatest<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nK\u00e4esoleva artikli eesm\u00e4rk ei ole \u00f5petada teid SQL-it nullist.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNii et, hakkame pihta.<\/p>\n

Kasutame k\u00f5igile tuntud HR skeemi<\/a><\/noindex> Oracle'is koos selle tabelitega (Loe l\u00e4hemalt<\/a><\/noindex>):<\/p>\n

\"SQL.
\nMainin, et vaatame ainult SELECT \u00fclesandeid. Siin pole DML ja DDL \u00fclesandeid.<\/p>\n

\u00dclesanded<\/h2>\n

\nAndmete filtreerimine ja sorteerimine<\/b><\/p>\n

Tabel Employees. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate teabega.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n

SELECT * FROM employees\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c ‘David’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE first_name = 'David';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 job_id \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c ‘IT_PROG’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle osakond on 50 (department_id) ja palk (salary) on suurem kui 4000
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE department_id = 50 AND salary > 4000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle osakonnad on 20 ja 30 (department_id)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE department_id = 20 OR department_id = 30;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 ‘a’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE first_name LIKE '%a';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle osakonnad on 50 ja 80 (department_id) ja kellel on boonuseid (veerg commission_pct ei ole t\u00fchi)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE     (department_id = 50 OR department_id = 80)\n       AND commission_pct IS NOT NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 2 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b ‘n’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE first_name LIKE '%n%n%';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle nime pikkus on \u00fcle 4 t\u00e4he
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE first_name LIKE '%_____%';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada k\u00f5ikide t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle palk on vahemikus 8000 kuni 9000 (sh).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE salary BETWEEN 8000 AND 9000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b ‘%’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE first_name LIKE '%%%' ESCAPE '';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada k\u00f5ikide juhtide ID-d.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT DISTINCT manager_id\n  FROM employees\n WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri nende ametikohtadega formaadis: Donald(sh_clerk).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name || '(' || LOWER (job_id) || ')' employee FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKasutades \u00fche rida funktsioone v\u00e4ljundi kohandamiseks.<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada k\u00f5ikide t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nime pikkus on \u00fcle 10 t\u00e4he.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE LENGTH (first_name) > 10;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 ‘b’ (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE INSTR (LOWER (first_name), 'b') > 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 2 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b ‘a’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE INSTR (LOWER (first_name),'a',1,2) > 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada need t\u00f6\u00f6tajad, kelle palk on 1000-ga jagatav.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE MOD (salary, 1000) = 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada esimene 3-kohaline number t\u00f6\u00f6taja telefoninumbrist, kui tema number on formaadis XXX.XXX.XXXX
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT phone_number, SUBSTR (phone_number, 1, 3) new_phone_number\n  FROM employees\n WHERE phone_number LIKE '___.___.____';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Osakondade tabel. Saada esimene s\u00f5na osakonna nimest nende jaoks, kellel on nimes rohkem kui \u00fcks s\u00f5na
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT department_name,\n       SUBSTR (department_name, 1, INSTR (department_name, ' ')-1)\n           first_word\n  FROM departments\n WHERE INSTR (department_name, ' ') > 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimed, eemaldades esimesed ja viimased t\u00e4hed nimest
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, SUBSTR (first_name, 2, LENGTH (first_name) - 2) new_name\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 ‘m’ \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 5\u0442\u0438
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE SUBSTR (first_name, -1) = 'm' AND LENGTH(first_name) > 5;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dual tabel. Saada j\u00e4rgmise reede kuup\u00e4ev
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT NEXT_DAY (SYSDATE, 'FRIDAY') next_friday FROM DUAL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada k\u00f5ikide t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kes on ettev\u00f5ttes t\u00f6\u00f6tanud rohkem kui 17 aastat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE MONTHS_BETWEEN (SYSDATE, hire_date) \/ 12 > 17;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada k\u00f5ikide t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle telefoninumbri viimane number on paaritu ja koosneb kolmest numbrist, mis on eraldatud punktiga
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE     MOD (SUBSTR (phone_number, -1), 2) != 0\n       AND INSTR (phone_number,'.',1,3) = 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 job_id \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430 ‘_’ \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 3 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 ‘_’ \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e ‘CLERK’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE     LENGTH (SUBSTR (job_id, INSTR (job_id, '_') + 1)) > 3\n       AND SUBSTR (job_id, INSTR (job_id, '_') + 1) != 'CLERK';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 PHONE_NUMBER \u0432\u0441\u0435 ‘.’ \u043d\u0430 ‘-‘
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT phone_number, REPLACE (phone_number, '.', '-') new_phone_number\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nFunktsioonide ja tingimuslike v\u00e4ljendite kasutamine<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d kuu esimesel p\u00e4eval (\u00fcksk\u00f5ik milline).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'DD') = '01';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d 2008. aastal.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'YYYY') = '2008';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
DUAL. N\u00e4ita homset kuup\u00e4eva formaadis: Homme on kuu teine p\u00e4ev.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'fm\"\"Homme on \"\"Ddspth \"\"p\u00e4ev\"\" Kuu')     info\n  FROM DUAL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest ja iga\u00fche t\u00f6\u00f6le tuleku kuup\u00e4ev formaadis: 21. juuni, 2007.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'fmddth \"\"kuul\"\" Kuu, YYYY') hire_date\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Employees tabel. Saada t\u00f6\u00f6tajate loetelu, kelle palk t\u00f5useb 20%. N\u00e4ita palka dollarim\u00e4rgiga.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, TO_CHAR (salary + salary * 0.20, 'fm$999,999.00') new_salary\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Employees tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate loetelu, kes alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d 2007. aasta veebruaris.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE hire_date BETWEEN TO_DATE ('01.02.2007', 'DD.MM.YYYY')\n                     AND LAST_DAY (TO_DATE ('01.02.2007', 'DD.MM.YYYY'));\n\nSELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE to_char(hire_date,'MM.YYYY') = '02.2007'; \n<\/code><\/pre>\n
DUAL tabel. Kuvage praegune kuup\u00e4ev, + sekund, + minut, + tund, + p\u00e4ev, + kuu, + aasta.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT SYSDATE                          now,\n       SYSDATE + 1 \/ (24 * 60 * 60)     plus_second,\n       SYSDATE + 1 \/ (24 * 60)          plus_minute,\n       SYSDATE + 1 \/ 24                 plus_hour,\n       SYSDATE + 1                      plus_day,\n       ADD_MONTHS (SYSDATE, 1)          plus_month,\n       ADD_MONTHS (SYSDATE, 12)         plus_year\n  FROM DUAL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Employees tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate loetelu t\u00e4ispalga (salary + commission_pct(%)) vormingus: $24,000.00
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, salary, TO_CHAR (salary + salary * NVL (commission_pct, 0), 'fm$99,999.00') full_salary\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Employees tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate loetelu ja teave palgabonuste (Jah\/Ei) olemasolu kohta.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, commission_pct, NVL2 (commission_pct, 'Yes', 'No') has_bonus\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada iga t\u00f6\u00f6taja palk: Alla 5000 loetakse madalaks tasemeks, 5000 ja 10000 vahel loetakse normaalseks tasemeks, 10000 ja rohkem loetakse k\u00f5rgeks tasemeks.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name,\n       salary,\n       CASE\n           WHEN salary = 5000 AND salary < 10000 THEN 'Normaalne'\n           ELSE 'K\u00f5rge'\n       END salary_level\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Riikide tabel. N\u00e4idata iga riigi piirkonda, kus see asub: 1-Euroopa, 2-Ameerika, 3-Aasia, 4-Aafrika (ilma Join-ta)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT country_name country,\n       DECODE(region_id,\n               1, 'Euroopa',\n               2, 'Ameerika',\n               3, 'Aasia',\n               4, 'Aafrika',\n               'Tundmatu')\n           region\n  FROM countries;\n\nSELECT country_name\n           country,\n       CASE region_id\n           WHEN 1 THEN 'Euroopa'\n           WHEN 2 THEN 'Ameerika'\n           WHEN 3 THEN 'Aasia'\n           WHEN 4 THEN 'Aafrika'\n           ELSE 'Tundmatu'\n       END\n           region\n  FROM countries;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRaporteerimine kogutud andmete kasutamise kaudu grupifunktsioonide abil.<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada raport department_id kohta, mis sisaldab minimaalset ja maksimaalset palka, varasemate ja hilisemate t\u00f6\u00f6le asumise kuup\u00e4evade ning t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arvu. Sorteeri t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arvu j\u00e4rgi (kahanevas j\u00e4rjekorras).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT department_id,\n         MIN(salary) min_salary,\n         MAX(salary) max_salary,\n         MIN(hire_date) min_hire_date,\n         MAX(hire_date) max_hire_Date,\n         COUNT(*) count\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id\nORDER BY count(*) DESC;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid on nimedega, mis algavad sama t\u00e4hega? Sorteeri arvu j\u00e4rgi. N\u00e4ita ainult neid, kus arv on suurem kui 1
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT SUBSTR (first_name, 1, 1) first_char, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY SUBSTR (first_name, 1, 1)\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 1\nORDER BY 2 DESC;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid t\u00f6\u00f6tab samas osakonnas ja saab sama palka?
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT department_id, salary, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id, salary\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 1;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada raport, kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid on seotud igal n\u00e4dalap\u00e4eval. Sorteeri arvu j\u00e4rgi
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT TO_CHAR (hire_Date, 'Day') day, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY TO_CHAR (hire_Date, 'Day')\nORDER BY 2 DESC;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada raport, kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid on palgatud aastate kaupa. Sorteeri arvu j\u00e4rgi
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'YYYY') year, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'YYYY');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Selgita, kui palju osakondi on, kus on t\u00f6\u00f6tajad
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT COUNT (COUNT (*)) department_count\n    FROM employees\n   WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL\nGROUP BY department_id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada loetelu department_id, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tab rohkem kui 30 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT department_id\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 30;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Hankige department_id ja \u00fcmmargune keskmine palk t\u00f6\u00f6tajate kaupa igas osakonnas. 
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT department_id, ROUND (AVG (salary)) avg_salary\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Riikide tabel. Hankige region_id, kus country_name'i t\u00e4hem\u00e4rkide kogus on rohkem kui 60.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT region_id\n    FROM countries\nGROUP BY region_id\n  HAVING SUM (LENGTH (country_name)) > 60;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Hankige department_id, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tavad t\u00f6\u00f6tajad mitmete (>1) job_id-dega.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT department_id\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id\n  HAVING COUNT (DISTINCT job_id) > 1;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Hankige manager_id, kelle alluvate arv on \u00fcle 5 ja kelle alluvate palkade summa on \u00fcle 50000.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT manager_id\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY manager_id\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 5 AND SUM (salary) > 50000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Hankige manager_id, kelle alluvate keskmine palk on vahemikus 6000\u20139000 ja kes ei saa boonuseid (commission_pct on t\u00fchi).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT manager_id, AVG (salary) avg_salary\n    FROM employees\n   WHERE commission_pct IS NULL\nGROUP BY manager_id\n  HAVING AVG (salary) BETWEEN 6000 AND 9000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 Employees. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 job_id \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e ‘CLERK’
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT MAX (salary) max_salary\n  FROM employees\n WHERE job_id LIKE '%CLERK';\n\nSELECT MAX (salary) max_salary\n  FROM employees\n WHERE SUBSTR (job_id, -5) = 'CLERK';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Employees tabel. Saada suurim palk keskmiste palkade seast osakonnas.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT MAX (AVG (salary))\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Employees tabel. Saada t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arv, kellel on nime pikkuse j\u00e4rgi sama palju t\u00e4hti. N\u00e4idata ainult neid, kelle nime pikkus \u00fcletab 5 ja kellel on sellise nimega t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid rohkem kui 20. Sorteerida nime pikkuse j\u00e4rgi.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT LENGTH (first_name), COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY LENGTH (first_name)\n  HAVING LENGTH (first_name) > 5 AND COUNT (*) > 20\nORDER BY LENGTH (first_name);\n\n  SELECT LENGTH (first_name), COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\n   WHERE LENGTH (first_name) > 5\nGROUP BY LENGTH (first_name)\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 20\nORDER BY LENGTH (first_name);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAndmete kuvamine mitmest tabelist kasutades JOIN'e.<\/b><\/p>\n
Employees, Departments, Locations, Countries, Regions tabel. Saada piirkondade loetelu ja t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arvu igas piirkonnas.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT region_name, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees e\n         JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n         JOIN locations l ON (d.location_id = l.location_id)\n         JOIN countries c ON (l.country_id = c.country_id)\n         JOIN regions r ON (c.region_id = r.region_id)\nGROUP BY region_name;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Employees, Departments, Locations, Countries, Regions tabel. Saada iga t\u00f6\u00f6taja kohta p\u00f5hjalik teave:
\nFirst_name, Last_name, Department, Job, Street, Country, Region
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI Esimene_nimi,\n       Perekonnanimi,\n       Osakonna_nimi,\n       T\u00f6\u00f6_id,\n       t\u00e4nava_aadress,\n       Riigi_nimi,\n       Piirkonna_nimi\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD  e\n       LIITU osakondadega d ON (e.osakonna_id = d.osakonna_id)\n       LIITU asukohtadega l ON (d.asukoha_id = l.asukoha_id)\n       LIITU riikidega c ON (l.riigi_id = c.riigi_id)\n       LIITU piirkondadega r ON (c.piirkonna_id = r.piirkonna_id);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki juhte, kelle alluvuses on rohkem kui 6 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI man.esimene_nimi, LOEND (*)\n    T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD emp LIITU T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD man ON (emp.juhataja_id = man.t\u00f6\u00f6taja_id)\nR\u00dcHMITA man.esimene_nimi\n  KUIDAS LOEND (*) > 6;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kellele ei allu kedagi.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI emp.esimene_nimi\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD  emp\n       VASAKLIIT T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD man ON (emp.juhataja_id = man.t\u00f6\u00f6taja_id)\n KUS man.ESIMENE_NIMI ON NULL;\n\nVALI esimene_nimi\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD\n KUS juhataja_id ON NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD, T\u00f6\u00f6_ajalugu. Tabelis T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD on k\u00f5ik t\u00f6\u00f6tajad. Tabelis T\u00f6\u00f6_ajalugu on t\u00f6\u00f6tajad, kes on ettev\u00f5ttest lahkunud. Saada raport k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest ja nende staatuse kohta ettev\u00f5ttes (T\u00f6\u00f6tavad v\u00f5i lahkunud koos lahkumise kuup\u00e4evaga).
\nN\u00e4ide:
\nesimene_nimi | staatus
\nJennifer | Lahkus ettev\u00f5ttest 31. detsembril 2006.
\nClara | Praegu t\u00f6\u00f6tab
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI esimene_nimi,\n       NVL2 (\n           l\u00f5ppkuup\u00e4ev,\n           TO_CHAR (l\u00f5ppkuup\u00e4ev, 'fm\"\"Lahkus ettev\u00f5ttest\"\" DD \"\"kuup\u00e4eval\"\" Kuu, YYYY'),\n           'Praegu t\u00f6\u00f6tab')\n           staatus\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD e VASAKLIIT t\u00f6\u00f6ajalooga j ON (e.t\u00f6\u00f6taja_id = j.t\u00f6\u00f6taja_id);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad, osakonnad, asukohad, riigid, piirkonnad. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes elavad Euroopas (region_name)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
 SELECT first_name\n  FROM employees\n       JOIN departments USING (department_id)\n       JOIN locations USING (location_id)\n       JOIN countries USING (country_id)\n       JOIN regions USING (region_id)\n WHERE region_name = 'Europe';\n \n SELECT first_name\n  FROM employees  e\n       JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n       JOIN locations l ON (d.location_id = l.location_id)\n       JOIN countries c ON (l.country_id = c.country_id)\n       JOIN regions r ON (c.region_id = r.region_id)\n WHERE region_name = 'Europe';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad, osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki osakondi, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tab rohkem kui 30 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT department_name, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees e JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\nGROUP BY department_name\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 30;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad, osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kes ei kuulu \u00fchtegi osakonda
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name\n  FROM employees  e\n       LEFT JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n WHERE d.department_name IS NULL;\n\nSELECT first_name\n  FROM employees\n WHERE department_id IS NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad, osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki osakondi, kus ei ole \u00fchtegi t\u00f6\u00f6tajat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT department_name\n  FROM employees  e\n       RIGHT JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n WHERE first_name IS NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kellel ei ole kedagi alluvuses
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI man.first_name\n  FROM employees emp\n       \u00d5IGE LIITUMINE employees man ON (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\n WHERE emp.FIRST_NAME IS NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees, Jobs, Departaments. N\u00e4ita t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid kujul: First_name, Job_title, Department_name.
\nN\u00e4ide:
\nFirst_name | Job_title | Department_name
\nDonald | Shipping | Clerk Shipping
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI first_name, job_title, department_name\n  FROM employees e\n       LIITU jobs j ON (e.job_id = j.job_id)\n       LIITU departments d ON (d.department_id = e.department_id);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Hangi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle juhendajad asusid t\u00f6\u00f6le 2005. aastal, kuid need t\u00f6\u00f6tajad ise asusid t\u00f6\u00f6le enne 2005. aastat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI emp.*\n  FROM employees emp LIITU employees man ON (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\n WHERE     TO_CHAR (man.hire_date, 'YYYY') = '2005'\n       AND emp.hire_date < TO_DATE ('01012005', 'DDMMYYYY');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Hangi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle juhendajad asusid t\u00f6\u00f6le jaanuari kuus mistahes aastal ja nende t\u00f6\u00f6tajate job_title pikkus on \u00fcle 15 t\u00e4hte.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI emp.*\n  FROM employees emp\n       LIITU employees man ON (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\n       LIITU jobs j ON (emp.job_id = j.job_id)\n WHERE TO_CHAR (man.hire_date, 'MM') = '01' AND LENGTH(j.job_title) > 15;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAlusp\u00e4ringute kasutamine p\u00e4ringute lahendamiseks<\/b><\/p>\n
Tabel Employees. Hangi nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle nimi on k\u00f5ige pikem.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE LENGTH(first_name) =\n       (VALI MAX(LENGTH(first_name)) FROM employees);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle palk on k\u00f5rgem kui k\u00f5ikide t\u00f6\u00f6tajate keskmine palk.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG (salary) FROM employees);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate, osakondade ja asukohtade tabel. Saada linn, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tajad teenivad kokku v\u00e4hem kui k\u00f5ik teised.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT city\n    FROM employees e\n         JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n         JOIN locations l ON (d.location_id = l.location_id)\nGROUP BY city\n  HAVING SUM (salary) =\n         (  SELECT MIN (SUM (salary))\n              FROM employees e\n                   JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n                   JOIN locations l ON (d.location_id = l.location_id)\n          GROUP BY city);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle juhi palk on \u00fcle 15000.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE manager_id IN (SELECT employee_id\n                        FROM employees\n                       WHERE salary > 15000)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad, osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki osakondi, kus ei ole \u00fchtegi t\u00f6\u00f6tajat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM departments\n WHERE department_id NOT IN (SELECT department_id\n                               FROM employees\n                              WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kes ei ole juhid.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE employee_id NOT IN (SELECT manager_id\n                             FROM employees\n                            WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki juhte, kelle alluvuses on rohkem kui 6 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees e\n WHERE (SELECT COUNT (*)\n          FROM employees\n         WHERE manager_id = e.employee_id) > 6;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate ja osakondade tabel. N\u00e4ita t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kes t\u00f6\u00f6tavad IT osakonnas.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD\n KUS osakond_id = (VALI osakond_id\n                          T\u00d6\u00d6TAD\n                         KUS osakonna_nimi = 'IT');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees, Jobs, Departaments. N\u00e4ita t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid kujul: First_name, Job_title, Department_name.
\nN\u00e4ide:
\nFirst_name | Job_title | Department_name
\nDonald | Shipping | Clerk Shipping
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI eesnimi,\n       (VALI ametinimetus\n          T\u00d6\u00d6TAD\n         KUS amet_id = e.amet_id)\n           ametinimetus,\n       (VALI osakonna_nimi\n          T\u00d6\u00d6TAD\n         KUS osakond_id = e.osakond_id)\n           osakonna_nimi\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD e;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Hangi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle juhendajad asusid t\u00f6\u00f6le 2005. aastal, kuid need t\u00f6\u00f6tajad ise asusid t\u00f6\u00f6le enne 2005. aastat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD\n KUS     juhataja_id IN (VALI t\u00f6\u00f6taja_id\n                            T\u00d6\u00d6TAD\n                           KUS TO_CHAR (t\u00f6\u00f6le asumise_date, 'YYYY') = '2005')\n       JA t\u00f6\u00f6le_asumise_date < TO_DATE ('01012005', 'DDMMYYYY');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Hangi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle juhendajad asusid t\u00f6\u00f6le jaanuari kuus mistahes aastal ja nende t\u00f6\u00f6tajate job_title pikkus on \u00fcle 15 t\u00e4hte.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  T\u00d6\u00d6TAJAD e\n KUS     juhataja_id IN (VALI t\u00f6\u00f6taja_id\n                            T\u00d6\u00d6TAD\n                           KUS TO_CHAR (t\u00f6\u00f6le_asumise_date, 'MM') = '01')\n       JA (VALI LENGTH (ametinimetus)\n              T\u00d6\u00d6TAD\n             KUS amet_id = e.amet_id) > 15;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSellega on k\u00f5ik.<\/b><\/p>\n
Loodan, et \u00fclesanded olid huvitavad ja kaasahaaravad. 
\nP\u00fc\u00fcan seda \u00fclesannete nimekirja v\u00f5imalusel t\u00e4iendada.
\nOlen ka igasuguste m\u00e4rkuste ja ettepanekute eest t\u00e4nulik.<\/p>\n
P.S.: Kui kellelgi tuleb p\u00e4he huvitav SELECT \u00fclesanne, kirjutage kommentaaridesse, lisan nimekirja.<\/p>\n
Ait\u00e4h.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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