{"id":36671,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sql-zanimatelnye-zadachki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:01","slug":"sql-zanimatelnye-zadachki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/sql-zanimatelnye-zadachki","title":{"rendered":"SQL. Huvitavad \u00fclesanded.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tere, Habr!<\/p>\n

Juba rohkem kui 3 aastat olen \u00f5petanud SQL-i erinevates koolituskeskustes ning \u00fcks minu t\u00e4helepanekutest on see, et \u00f5pilased omandavad ja m\u00f5istavad SQL-i paremini, kui seada neile \u00fclesanne, mitte lihtsalt r\u00e4\u00e4kida v\u00f5imalustest ja teoreetilistest alustest.<\/p>\n

Selles artiklis jagan teiega oma nimekirja \u00fclesannetest, mida ma \u00f5pilastele kodut\u00f6\u00f6ks annan ja mille \u00fcle me erinevaid ajur\u00fcnnakuid peame, mis viib s\u00fcgava ja selge SQL-i m\u00f5istmiseni.<\/p>\n

\"SQL.
\n
\nSQL (\u02c8\u025bs\u02c8kju\u02c8\u025bl; inglise keeles structured query language \u2014 \u2018struktureeritud p\u00e4ringute keel\u2019) on deklaratiivne programmeerimiskeel, mida kasutatakse andmete loomisel, muutmisel ja haldamisel r\u00e4latsioonilises andmebaasis, mida haldab vastav andmebaasi halduss\u00fcsteem. Loe rohkem\u2026 <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

SQL-i kohta saab lugeda erinevatest allikatest<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nSelle artikli eesm\u00e4rk ei ole \u00f5petada teid SQL-i nullist.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNii et, l\u00e4hme!<\/p>\n

Kasutame k\u00f5igile tuntud HR skeemi<\/a><\/noindex> Oracle'is koos selle tabelitega (Lisateave<\/a><\/noindex>):<\/p>\n

\"SQL.
\nTahan m\u00e4rkida, et vaatame ainult SELECT \u00fclesandeid. Siin pole DML ja DDL \u00fclesandeid.<\/p>\n

\u00dclesanded<\/h2>\n

\nAndmete piiramine ja j\u00e4rjestamine<\/b><\/p>\n

Tabel Employees. Saage teave k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate kohta.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n

SELECT * FROM employees\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nimi on 'David'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name = 'David';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle job_id on 'IT_PROG'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage nimekirja k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest 50. osakonnast (department_id) koos palgaga (salary), mis on \u00fcle 4000.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = 50 AND salary > 4000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage nimekirja k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest 20. ja 30. osakonnast (department_id).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = 20 OR department_id = 30;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nime viimane t\u00e4ht on 'a'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE '%a';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage nimekirja k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest 50. ja 80. osakonnast (department_id), kellel on boonus (komisjoniprotsendi veerus ei ole v\u00e4\u00e4rtus t\u00fchi).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE (department_id = 50 OR department_id = 80) AND commission_pct IS NOT NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nimes on v\u00e4hemalt 2 t\u00e4hte 'n'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE '%n%n%';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage nimekirja k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle nime pikkus on \u00fcle 4 t\u00e4he.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE '%_____%';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle palk on vahemikus 8000 kuni 9000 (kaasa arvatud)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE salary BETWEEN 8000 AND 9000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nimes on s\u00fcmbol '%'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE first_name LIKE '%%%' ESCAPE '';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist juhtide ID-dest
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT DISTINCT manager_id\n  FROM employees\n WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest koos nende ametikohtadega formaadis: Donald(sh_clerk)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name || '(' || LOWER (job_id) || ')' employee FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKasutades \u00fchekordseid funktsioone v\u00e4ljundi kohandamiseks<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle nime pikkus on \u00fcle 10 t\u00e4he
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE LENGTH (first_name) > 10;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nimes on t\u00e4ht 'b' (uurimisel pole t\u00e4htede suurusel vahet)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE INSTR (LOWER (first_name), 'b') > 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nimes on v\u00e4hemalt 2 t\u00e4hte 'a'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE INSTR (LOWER (first_name),'a',1,2) > 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle palk on 1000 v\u00f5rra jaotatav
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE MOD (salary, 1000) = 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada kontakttelefoni numbrist t\u00f6\u00f6taja esimene 3-numbriline number, kui tema number on formaadis XXX.XXX.XXXX
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT phone_number, SUBSTR (phone_number, 1, 3) new_phone_number\n  FROM employees\n WHERE phone_number LIKE '___.___.____';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Osakondade tabel. Saada osakonna nime esimeses s\u00f5nast need, kelle nimedes on rohkem kui \u00fcks s\u00f5na
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT department_name,\n       SUBSTR (department_name, 1, INSTR (department_name, ' ')-1)\n           first_word\n  FROM departments\n WHERE INSTR (department_name, ' ') > 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimed, eemaldades esimesed ja viimased t\u00e4hed nimest
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, SUBSTR (first_name, 2, LENGTH (first_name) - 2) new_name\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle nime viimane t\u00e4ht on 'm' ja nime pikkus on suurem kui 5
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE SUBSTR (first_name, -1) = 'm' AND LENGTH(first_name) > 5;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dual tabel. Saada j\u00e4rgmise reede kuup\u00e4ev
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT NEXT_DAY (SYSDATE, 'FRIDAY') next_friday FROM DUAL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes on ettev\u00f5ttes t\u00f6\u00f6tanud \u00fcle 17 aasta
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE MONTHS_BETWEEN (SYSDATE, hire_date) \/ 12 > 17;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle telefoninumbri viimane number on paaritu ja koosneb 3 numbrist, mis on eraldatud punktiga
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE     MOD (SUBSTR (phone_number, -1), 2) != 0\n       AND INSTR (phone_number,'.',1,3) = 0;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kelle job_id v\u00e4\u00e4rtuses p\u00e4rast s\u00fcmbolit '_' on v\u00e4hemalt 3 t\u00e4hte, kuid see v\u00e4\u00e4rtus p\u00e4rast '_' ei tohi olla 'CLERK'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE     LENGTH (SUBSTR (job_id, INSTR (job_id, '_') + 1)) > 3\n       AND SUBSTR (job_id, INSTR (job_id, '_') + 1) != 'CLERK';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate nimekiri, kus PHONE_NUMBER v\u00e4\u00e4rtuses asendatakse k\u00f5ik '.' s\u00fcmbolid '-' s\u00fcmbolitega
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT phone_number, REPLACE (phone_number, '.', '-') new_phone_number\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKasutades konversioonifunktsioone ja tingimuslikke v\u00e4ljendeid<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d kuu esimesel p\u00e4eval (\u00fcksk\u00f5ik millisel)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'DD') = '01';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d 2008. aastal
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'YYYY') = '2008';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
DUAL tabel. Kuvage homne kuup\u00e4ev formaadis: Homme on kuu teine p\u00e4ev jaanuaris
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'fm\"\"Homme on \"\"Ddspth \"\"p\u00e4ev \"\"Kuu') info\n  FROM DUAL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest ja iga\u00fche t\u00f6\u00f6le asumise kuup\u00e4ev formaadis: 21. juuni 2007
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'fmddth \"\"p\u00e4ev \"\"Kuu, YYYY') hire_date\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle palka on suurendatud 20%. Palga kuvamine dollarim\u00e4rgis
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, TO_CHAR (salary + salary * 0.20, 'fm$999,999.00') new_salary\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d 2007. aasta veebruaris.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE hire_date BETWEEN TO_DATE ('01.02.2007', 'DD.MM.YYYY')\n                     AND LAST_DAY (TO_DATE ('01.02.2007', 'DD.MM.YYYY'));\n\nSELECT *\n  FROM employees\n WHERE to_char(hire_date,'MM.YYYY') = '02.2007'; \n<\/code><\/pre>\n
DUAL tabel. Kuvage praegune kuup\u00e4ev + sekund, + minut, + tund, + p\u00e4ev, + kuu, + aasta
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT SYSDATE now,\n       SYSDATE + 1 \/ (24 * 60 * 60)     plus_second,\n       SYSDATE + 1 \/ (24 * 60)          plus_minute,\n       SYSDATE + 1 \/ 24                 plus_hour,\n       SYSDATE + 1                      plus_day,\n       ADD_MONTHS (SYSDATE, 1)          plus_month,\n       ADD_MONTHS (SYSDATE, 12)         plus_year\n  FROM DUAL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle t\u00e4ispalk (palk + komisjon %) on vormingus: $24,000.00
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, salary, TO_CHAR (salary + salary * NVL (commission_pct, 0), 'fm$99,999.00') full_salary\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri k\u00f5igist t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest ja teave palga boonuste olemasolu kohta (Jah \/ Ei)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name, commission_pct, NVL2 (commission_pct, 'Yes', 'No') has_bonus\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada iga t\u00f6\u00f6taja palga tase: Alla 5000 loetakse madalaks tasemeks, 5000 v\u00f5i enam ja alla 10000 loetakse normaalseks tasemeks, 10000 v\u00f5i enam loetakse k\u00f5rgeks tasemeks
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT first_name,\n       salary,\n       CASE\n           WHEN salary = 5000 AND salary < 10000 THEN 'Normaalne'\n           ELSE 'K\u00f5rge'\n       END salary_level\n  FROM employees;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Countries. N\u00e4idata iga riigi piirkonda, kus ta asub: 1-Euroopa, 2-Ameerika, 3-Aasia, 4-Aafrika (ilma Joinita)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT country_name country,\n       DECODE (region_id,\n               1, 'Euroopa',\n               2, 'Ameerika',\n               3, 'Aasia',\n               4, 'Aafrika',\n               'Tundmatu')\n           region\n  FROM countries;\n\nSELECT country_name\n           country,\n       CASE region_id\n           WHEN 1 THEN 'Euroopa'\n           WHEN 2 THEN 'Ameerika'\n           WHEN 3 THEN 'Aasia'\n           WHEN 4 THEN 'Aafrika'\n           ELSE 'Tundmatu'\n       END\n           region\n  FROM countries;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAruandlus Kogutud Andmete Kohta Kasutades R\u00fchma Funktsioone<\/b><\/p>\n
Tabel Employees. Saada aruandlus department_id kaupa, minimaalse ja maksimaalse palgaga, varase ja hilise t\u00f6\u00f6leasumise kuup\u00e4evaga ning t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arvuga. Sordima t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arvu j\u00e4rgi (kahanevas j\u00e4rjekorras)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT department_id,\n         MIN (salary) min_salary,\n         MAX (salary) max_salary,\n         MIN (hire_date) min_hire_date,\n         MAX (hire_date) max_hire_Date,\n         COUNT (*) count\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id\norder by count(*) desc;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kelle nimed algavad sama t\u00e4hega? Sordima arvu j\u00e4rgi. N\u00e4idata ainult neid, kus arv on suurem kui 1
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT SUBSTR (first_name, 1, 1) first_char, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY SUBSTR (first_name, 1, 1)\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 1\nORDER BY 2 DESC;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid t\u00f6\u00f6tab samas osakonnas ja saab sama palka?
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT department_id, salary, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id, salary\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 1;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saada aruandlus, kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid v\u00f5eti t\u00f6\u00f6le igal n\u00e4dalap\u00e4eval. Sordima arvu j\u00e4rgi
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT TO_CHAR (hire_Date, 'Day') day, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY TO_CHAR (hire_Date, 'Day')\nORDER BY 2 DESC;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saada aruandlus, kui palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid v\u00f5eti t\u00f6\u00f6le aastate kaupa. Sordima arvu j\u00e4rgi
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'YYYY') year, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'YYYY');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saada aruanne, kui palju osakondi on, kus on t\u00f6\u00f6tajad
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
SELECT COUNT (COUNT (*)) department_count\n    FROM employees\n   WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL\nGROUP BY department_id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saada osakondade loetelu, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tab rohkem kui 30 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT department_id\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 30;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saada osakondade loetelu ja \u00fcmardatud keskmine palk t\u00f6\u00f6tajatele igas osakonnas. 
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  SELECT department_id, ROUND (AVG (salary)) avg_salary\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Countries. Saada loetelu region_id summa k\u00f5igist letters, mis on country_name, kus on rohkem kui 60
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI region_id\n    FROM countries\nGROUP BY region_id\n  HAVING SUM (LENGTH (country_name)) > 60;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage department_id, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tavad mitmed (>1) job_id t\u00f6\u00f6tajad
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI department_id\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id\n  HAVING COUNT (DISTINCT job_id) > 1;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage manager_id, kelle alluvate arv on suurem kui 5 ja k\u00f5igi tema alluvate palkade summa suurem kui 50000
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI manager_id\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY manager_id\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 5 AND SUM (salary) > 50000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage manager_id, kelle k\u00f5igi tema alluvate keskmine palk j\u00e4\u00e4b vahemikku 6000 kuni 9000 ja kes ei saa boonuseid (commission_pct t\u00fchi)
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI manager_id, AVG (salary) avg_salary\n    FROM employees\n   WHERE commission_pct IS NULL\nGROUP BY manager_id\n  HAVING AVG (salary) BETWEEN 6000 AND 9000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajad tabel. Saada maksimaalne palk k\u00f5igilt t\u00f6\u00f6tajatelt, kelle job_id l\u00f5peb s\u00f5naga 'CLERK'
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI MAX (salary) max_salary\n  FROM employees\n WHERE job_id LIKE '%CLERK';\n\nVALI MAX (salary) max_salary\n  FROM employees\n WHERE SUBSTR (job_id, -5) = 'CLERK';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage maksimaalne palk k\u00f5ikide osakondade keskmiste palkade seas
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI MAX (AVG (salary))\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY department_id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Saage t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arv, kellel on sama nime pikkus. N\u00e4idake vaid neid, kelle nime pikkus on suurem kui 5 ja kellel on sellise nimega t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid rohkem kui 20. Sorteerige nime pikkuse alusel
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI LENGTH (first_name), COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\nGROUP BY LENGTH (first_name)\n  HAVING LENGTH (first_name) > 5 AND COUNT (*) > 20\nORDER BY LENGTH (first_name);\n\n  VALI LENGTH (first_name), COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees\n   WHERE LENGTH (first_name) > 5\nGROUP BY LENGTH (first_name)\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 20\nORDER BY LENGTH (first_name);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAndmete kuvamine mitmest tabelist kasutades JOIN-e<\/b><\/p>\n
Tabel Employees, Departaments, Locations, Countries, Regions. Saage piirkondade nimekiri ja t\u00f6\u00f6tajate arv igas piirkonnas
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI region_name, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees e\n         JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n         JOIN locations l ON (d.location_id = l.location_id)\n         JOIN countries c ON (l.country_id = c.country_id)\n         JOIN regions r ON (c.region_id = r.region_id)\nGROUP BY region_name;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees, Departaments, Locations, Countries, Regions. Saage \u00fcksikasjalik teave iga t\u00f6\u00f6taja kohta:
\nFirst_name, Last_name, Departament, Job, Street, Country, Region
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI First_name,\n       Last_name,\n       Department_name,\n       Job_id,\n       street_address,\n       Country_name,\n       Region_name\n  FROM employees e\n       JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n       JOIN locations l ON (d.location_id = l.location_id)\n       JOIN countries c ON (l.country_id = c.country_id)\n       JOIN regions r ON (c.region_id = r.region_id);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Kuvage k\u00f5ik juhid, kelle alluvate arv \u00fcletab 6 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
  VALI man.first_name, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees emp JOIN employees man ON (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\nGROUP BY man.first_name\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 6;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kellel ei ole \u00fclemust.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI emp.first_name\n  FROM employees emp\n       LEFT JOIN employees man ON (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\n WHERE man.FIRST_NAME IS NULL;\n\nVALI first_name\n  FROM employees\n WHERE manager_id IS NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, T\u00f6\u00f6ajalugu. T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabelis on k\u00f5ik t\u00f6\u00f6tajad. T\u00f6\u00f6ajalugu tabelis on t\u00f6\u00f6tajad, kes on ettev\u00f5tte lahkunud. Saada aruanne k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate ja nende staatuse kohta ettev\u00f5ttes (T\u00f6\u00f6tavad v\u00f5i lahkusid ettev\u00f5ttest lahkumiskuup\u00e4evaga).
\nN\u00e4ide:
\nfirst_name | staatus
\nJennifer | Lahkus ettev\u00f5ttest 31. detsembril 2006.
\nClara | Praegu t\u00f6\u00f6tav
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI first_name,\n       NVL2 (\n           end_date,\n           TO_CHAR (end_date, 'fm\"\"Lahkunud ettev\u00f5ttest\"\" DD \"\"kuup\u00e4eval\"\" Kuu, YYYY'),\n           'Praegu t\u00f6\u00f6tav')\n           staatus\n  FROM employees e LEFT JOIN job_history j ON (e.employee_id = j.employee_id);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, Osakonnad, Asukohad, Riigid, Regioonid. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kes elavad Euroopas (region_name).
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
 VALI first_name\n  FROM employees\n       JOIN departments USING (department_id)\n       JOIN locations USING (location_id)\n       JOIN countries USING (country_id)\n       JOIN regions USING (region_id)\n WHERE region_name = 'Europe';\n \n VALI first_name\n  FROM employees e\n       JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n       JOIN locations l ON (d.location_id = l.location_id)\n       JOIN countries c ON (l.country_id = c.country_id)\n       JOIN regions r ON (c.region_id = r.region_id)\n WHERE region_name = 'Europe';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, Osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki osakondi, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tab rohkem kui 30 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI department_name, COUNT (*)\n    FROM employees e JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\nGROUP BY department_name\n  HAVING COUNT (*) > 30;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, Osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kes ei kuulu \u00fchtegi osakonda.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI first_name\n  FROM employees e\n       LEFT JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n WHERE d.department_name IS NULL;\n\nVALI first_name\n  FROM employees\n WHERE department_id IS NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, Osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki osakondi, kus ei ole \u00fchtegi t\u00f6\u00f6tajat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI department_name\n  FROM employees e\n       RIGHT JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n WHERE first_name IS NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kellel ei ole alluvaid.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI man.first_name\n  FROM employees emp\n       RIGHT JOIN employees man ON (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\n WHERE emp.FIRST_NAME IS NULL;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, T\u00f6\u00f6koht, Osakonnad. N\u00e4ita t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid vormingus: First_name, Job_title, Department_name.
\nN\u00e4ide:
\nFirst_name | Job_title | Department_name
\nDonald | Laondus | Klientlaondus
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI first_name, job_title, department_name\n  FROM employees e\n       JOIN jobs j ON (e.job_id = j.job_id)\n       JOIN departments d ON (d.department_id = e.department_id);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle \u00fclemused on t\u00f6\u00f6le asunud 2005. aastal, kuid need t\u00f6\u00f6tajad ise on t\u00f6\u00f6le asunud enne 2005. aastat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI emp.*\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad emp LIITU t\u00f6\u00f6tajatega man KAS (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\n KUS     TO_CHAR (man.hire_date, 'YYYY') = '2005'\n       JA emp.hire_date < TO_DATE ('01012005', 'DDMMYYYY');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle juhid alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d jaanuaris igal aastal ja kelle ametinimetuse pikkus on \u00fcle 15 t\u00e4hem\u00e4rgi.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI emp.*\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad emp\n       LIITU t\u00f6\u00f6tajatega man KAS (emp.manager_id = man.employee_id)\n       LIITU t\u00f6\u00f6dega j KAS (emp.job_id = j.job_id)\n KUS TO_CHAR (man.hire_date, 'MM') = '01' JA LENGTH (j.job_title) > 15;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAlamklauslite kasutamine p\u00e4ringute lahendamiseks<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kellel on k\u00f5ige pikem nimi.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n KUS LENGTH (first_name) =\n       (VALI MAX (LENGTH (first_name)) KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle palk on k\u00f5rgem kui k\u00f5igi t\u00f6\u00f6tajate keskmine palk.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n KUS salary > (VALI AVG (salary) KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate, osakondade, asukohtade tabel. Saada linn, kus t\u00f6\u00f6tajad teenivad kokku k\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI linn\n    KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad e\n         LIITU osakondadega d KAS (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n         LIITU asukohtadega l KAS (d.location_id = l.location_id)\nR\u00dcHMITA LINN\n  HAVING SUM (salary) =\n         (  VALI MIN (SUM (salary))\n              KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad e\n                   LIITU osakondadega d KAS (e.department_id = d.department_id)\n                   LIITU asukohtadega l KAS (d.location_id = l.location_id)\n          R\u00dcHMITA LINN);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle juhid teenivad rohkem kui 15000.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n KUS manager_id IN (VALI employee_id\n                        KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n                       KUS salary > 15000)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, Osakonnad. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki osakondi, kus ei ole \u00fchtegi t\u00f6\u00f6tajat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA osakonnad\n KUS department_id NOT IN (VALI department_id\n                               KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n                              KUS department_id IS NOT NULL);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. N\u00e4ita k\u00f5iki t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kes ei ole juhid.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n KUS employee_id NOT IN (VALI manager_id\n                             KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n                            KUS manager_id IS NOT NULL)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tabel Employees. Kuvage k\u00f5ik juhid, kelle alluvate arv \u00fcletab 6 t\u00f6\u00f6tajat
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad e\n KUS (VALI COUNT (*)\n          KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n         KUS manager_id = e.employee_id) > 6;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate, osakondade tabel. N\u00e4ita t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kes t\u00f6\u00f6tavad IT osakonnas.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n KUS department_id = (VALI department_id\n                          KASUTA osakonnad\n                         KUS department_name = 'IT');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel, T\u00f6\u00f6koht, Osakonnad. N\u00e4ita t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid vormingus: First_name, Job_title, Department_name.
\nN\u00e4ide:
\nFirst_name | Job_title | Department_name
\nDonald | Laondus | Klientlaondus
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI first_name,\n       (VALI job_title\n          KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6de\n         KUS job_id = e.job_id)\n           job_title,\n       (VALI department_name\n          KASUTA osakonnad\n         KUS department_id = e.department_id)\n           department_name\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad e;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle \u00fclemused on t\u00f6\u00f6le asunud 2005. aastal, kuid need t\u00f6\u00f6tajad ise on t\u00f6\u00f6le asunud enne 2005. aastat.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n KUS     manager_id IN (VALI employee_id\n                            KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n                           KUS TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'YYYY') = '2005')\n       JA hire_date < TO_DATE ('01012005', 'DDMMYYYY');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u00f6\u00f6tajate tabel. Saada nimekiri t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest, kelle juhid alustasid t\u00f6\u00f6d jaanuaris igal aastal ja kelle ametinimetuse pikkus on \u00fcle 15 t\u00e4hem\u00e4rgi.
\nLahendus<\/b><\/p>\n
VALI *\n  KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad e\n KUS     manager_id IN (VALI employee_id\n                            KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6tajad\n                           KUS TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'MM') = '01')\n       JA (VALI LENGTH (job_title)\n              KASUTA t\u00f6\u00f6de\n             KUS job_id = e.job_id) > 15;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSellega on k\u00f5ik.<\/b><\/p>\n
Loodan, et \u00fclesanded olid huvitavad ja kaasahaaravad. 
\nP\u00fc\u00fcan seda \u00fclesannete nimekirja vajadusel t\u00e4iendada.
\nOlen ka avatud igasuguste kommentaaride ja ettepanekute suhtes.<\/p>\n
P.S.: Kui kellelgi tuleb meelde huvitav \u00fclesanne SELECT-i kohta, kirjutage kommentaaridesse, lisan nimekirja.<\/p>\n
Ait\u00e4h.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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