{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"Veel \u00fcks arvamus erinevuste kohta bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Hiljuti avastasin j\u00e4rgmise artikli: Erinevus bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin vahel<\/a><\/noindex>. Soovin jagada oma vaadet standardile.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nSisaldab k\u00e4ske, mida v\u00f5ivad kasutada nii s\u00fcsteemihaldurid kui ka kasutajad, kuid mis on vajalikud, kui ei ole \u00fchendanud \u00fchtegi muud failis\u00fcsteemi (n\u00e4iteks \u00fches kasutajas re\u017eiimis). Samuti v\u00f5ib see sisaldada k\u00e4ske, mida kasutatakse kaudselt skriptides.<\/p>\n

Seal oodatakse j\u00e4rgmiste k\u00e4skude olemasolu:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, false<\/b>, hostname<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, ps<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, true<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmboolseid linke v\u00f5ib teha \/usr, kuid kuigi systemd ajastul ei esine \/usr eraldi seadmel, v\u00f5ib seda ikkagi leida sisseehitatud s\u00fcsteemist, liiklusm\u00e4rgist, kohviveskist ja PDP-11-st, mis teenindab \u00fchte olulist seadet Teaduste Akadeemia laboris.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00fcsteemi haldamiseks kasutatavad utiliidid (ja muud k\u00e4sud ainult rootile), \/sbin sisaldab binaarfailide, mis on vajalikud s\u00fcsteemi k\u00e4ivitamiseks, taastamiseks ja\/v\u00f5i remontimiseks, koos \/binis olevate binaarfailidega. Programmid, mida k\u00e4ivitatakse p\u00e4rast \/usr-i mountimist (kui probleeme pole), paigutatakse tavaliselt \/usr\/sbin katalooge. Kohalikult installitud s\u00fcsteemi haldamise programmid peaksid olema paigutatud \/usr\/local\/sbin.<\/p>\n

Oodatakse:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u00dcks moodus s\u00fcsteemi kaitsmiseks kelmikaid kasutajaid vastu on keelata nende utiliidide k\u00e4ivitamine k\u00f5igile, seadistades attribuudi x.
\nLisaks sellele on \/bin ja \/sbin asendamine arhiivist (mis on sarnane k\u00f5igi samade s\u00fcsteemide jaoks) kiire viis s\u00fcsteemide parandamiseks ilma paketihaldurita.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nSiin on k\u00f5ik lihtne. \u00dchesugused k\u00e4sud, mis on k\u00f5igile ettev\u00f5tte serveritele\/kohviveskite jaoks \u00fchesugused. Ja ise \/usr v\u00f5ib olla erinevates operatsioonis\u00fcsteemides sarnane (\/bin ja \/sbin puhul see reeglina ei toimi), need on arhitektuuriliselt s\u00f5ltumatud programmid. See v\u00f5ib sisaldada linke perl v\u00f5i python t\u00f5lkijatele, mis asuvad \/opt v\u00f5i kuskil mujal v\u00f5rgus.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nSama nagu \/usr\/bin, kuid kasutamiseks ainult administraatorite poolt.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\n\u00dcks t\u00e4htsamaid asukohti. Erinevalt \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nust ei saa \/usr olla k\u00f5igis organisatsioonides \u00fchesugune. Siin asuvad operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi s\u00f5ltuvad, riistvara s\u00f5ltuvad ja lihtsalt programmid, mida ei vajata igas seadmes. Kui synchroniseerida \/usr masinatel, siis tuleb \/usr\/local v\u00e4listada.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nSiin on sarnane juhtum nagu \/usr\/local, ainult et siin asuvad programmid, mis on spetsiifilised konkreetsele kasutajale. Need on kantavad (v\u00f5i synchroniseeritavad) teisele masinale, kui kasutaja kolib. Mittekannevat sisu salvestatakse \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin. Local'i v\u00f5ib kasutada ka punktita. \/home\/$USER\/sbin pole ilmselgetel p\u00f5hjustel olemas.<\/p>\n

Olen avatud parandustele ja t\u00e4iendavatele m\u00e4rkustele.<\/p>\n

Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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