{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"Veel \u00fcks arvamus erinevustest bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Hiljuti avastasin sellise artikli: Erinevus bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin<\/a><\/noindex>. Tahan jagada oma arvamust standardi kohta.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nSisaldab k\u00e4sklusi, mida v\u00f5ivad kasutada nii s\u00fcsteemiadministraator kui ka kasutajad, kuid mis on vajalikud, kui ei ole \u00fchendatud teisi failis\u00fcsteeme (n\u00e4iteks \u00fchesuguste re\u017eiimi korral). See v\u00f5ib samuti sisaldada k\u00e4sklusi, mida kasutavad kaudsete skriptide.<\/p>\n

Oodatakse j\u00e4rgmisi k\u00e4sklusi:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, false<\/b>, hostname<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, ps<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, true<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Peale v\u00f5ib teha s\u00fcmboolseid linke \/usr, kuid kuigi systemd ajastul ei ole \/usr eraldi seadmes enne tulnud, v\u00f5ib seda veel leida sisseehitatud s\u00fcsteemis, fooris, kohviveskis ja PDP-11, mis teenindab olulist seadet \u00fches teadusakadeemia laboris.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00fcsteemiadministreerimise jaoks kasutatavad utiliidid (ja teised k\u00e4sklused ainult rootile), \/sbin sisaldab kahesid faile, mis on vajalikud s\u00fcsteemi bootimiseks, taastamiseks, taastamiseks ja\/v\u00f5i taastamiseks peale kaustade, mis asuvad \/bin. Programmid, mida k\u00e4itatakse p\u00e4rast \/usr'i monteerimist (kui probleeme pole), on tavaliselt paigutatud \/usr\/sbin. Kohalikult installitud s\u00fcsteemi administreerimise programmid peaksid olema paigutatud \/usr\/local\/sbin.<\/p>\n

Oodatakse:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u00dcks viis s\u00fcsteemi kaitsmiseks k\u00e4rme k\u00e4te eest on nende utiliidide k\u00e4ivitamise keelamine igasugusele t\u00fc\u00fcbile, paigaldades attribuut x.
\nLisaks, asendamine \/bin ja \/sbin arhiivi koopiatega (\u00fchesugused igasuguste s\u00fcsteemide jaoks) on kiire viis s\u00fcsteemide parandamiseks ilma pakendihaldurita.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nSiin on k\u00f5ik lihtne. \u00dchesugused k\u00e4sklused, mis on k\u00f5ikidele serveritele\/kohviveskite ettev\u00f5tte jaoks samad. Ja \/usr'i saab lahti pakkida \u00fchesuguseks erinevatele operatsioonis\u00fcsteemidele (kui \/bin ja \/sbin ei t\u00f6\u00f6ta reeglina), see on arhitektuuriliselt s\u00f5ltumatud programmid. See v\u00f5ib sisaldada linke perl v\u00f5i python t\u00f5lgendajatele, mis asuvad \/opt v\u00f5i kuskil mujal v\u00f5rgus.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nSama, mis \/usr\/bin, kuid ainult admininstratorite kasutamiseks.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\n\u00dcks t\u00e4htsamaid kohti. Erinevalt \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud, ei tohi \/usr olla sama kogu organisatsioonis. Siin asuvad operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi s\u00f5ltuvad, riistvara s\u00f5ltuvad ja lihtsalt programmid, mida ei ole k\u00f5ikides seadmetes vaja. \/usr'i s\u00fcnkroonimisel masinatega tuleb v\u00e4listada \/usr\/local.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nSiin on sarnane juhtum nagu \/usr\/local, ainult et siin asuvad programmide failid, mis on spetsiifilised kindlale kasutajale. Need saab teisele masinale kanda (v\u00f5i s\u00fcnkroonida) kasutaja \u00fcleviimisel. K\u00f5ik, mida ei saa kanda, asub \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin. V\u00f5ib kasutada local'i ilma punktita. \/home\/$USER\/sbin puudub arusaamatutel p\u00f5hjustel.<\/p>\n

Olen avatud ettepanekutele ja t\u00e4iendustele.<\/p>\n

Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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