{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"LinOTP kahefaktorilise autentimise server","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"LinOTP
\n
\nT\u00e4na jagan, kuidas seadistada kahefaktorilise autentimise serverit ettev\u00f5tte v\u00f5rgu, veebisaitide, teenuste, SSH kaitsmiseks. Serveris t\u00f6\u00f6tab kombinatsioon: LinOTP + FreeRadius. <\/p>\n

Miks me seda vajame?
\nSee on t\u00e4iesti tasuta, mugav lahendus, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab teie omas v\u00f5rgus, ilma kolmandate osapoolte teenustest s\u00f5ltumata.<\/p>\n

See teenus on v\u00e4ga mugav, selgelt arusaadav, erinevalt teistest avatud l\u00e4htekoodiga toodetest, ja toetab suurt hulka funktsioone ja poliitikaid (n\u00e4iteks login + password + (PIN + OTPToken)). Seda on v\u00f5imalik API kaudu integreerida SMS-teenustega (LinOTP Config->Provider Config->SMS Provider), genereerib koode mobiilirakendustele nagu Google Autentificator ja palju muud. Arvan, et see on mugavam kui teenus, mida arutatakse artiklis<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

See server t\u00f6\u00f6tab suurep\u00e4raselt Cisco ASA, OpenVPN serveriga, Apache2-ga, ning praktiselt k\u00f5igega, mis toetab RADIUS autentimist (n\u00e4iteks SSH serverites).<\/p>\n

N\u00f5utav:<\/p>\n

1 ) Debian 8 (jessie) \u2014 Kohustuslik!<\/b> (katsepaigaldus Debian 9-le on kirjas artikli l\u00f5pus)<\/p>\n

Algus:<\/p>\n

Paigaldame Debian 8.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nLisame LinOTP repositooriumi:<\/p>\n

# echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nLisame v\u00f5tmed:<\/p>\n
# gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nM\u00f5nikord v\u00f5ib \u201epuhta\u201d paigalduse korral, p\u00e4rast selle k\u00e4su t\u00e4itmist, Debian anda: <\/p>\n
gpg: loodud kataloog `\/root\/.gnupg'\ngpg: loodud uus seadistusfail `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf'\ngpg: KASUTUSJUHEND: parameetrid `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' ei ole selle k\u00e4ivituse ajal veel aktiivsed\ngpg: loodud v\u00f5tmete tabel `\/root\/.gnupg\/secring.gpg'\ngpg: loodud v\u00f5tmete tabel `\/root\/.gnupg\/pubring.gpg'\ngpg: v\u00f5tme serverid ei ole m\u00e4\u00e4ratud (kasutage --keyserver)\ngpg: viga v\u00f5tme serverilt otsimisel: vale URI\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSee on gnupg esialgne seadistamine. Pole hullu. Lihtsalt k\u00e4ivitage k\u00e4sk uuesti.
\nDebiana k\u00fcsimusele:<\/p>\n
gpg: otsimine \"913DFF12F86258E5\" hkp serveris keys.gnupg.net\n(1)\tLSE LinOTP2 Paketihaldus <linotp2@lsexperts.de>\n\t  2048 bit RSA v\u00f5tme F86258E5, loodud: 2010-05-10\nV\u00f5tmed 1-1 kokku \"913DFF12F86258E5\".  Sisestage numbrid, N) J\u00e4rgmine v\u00f5i Q) V\u00e4lja><\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVastame: 1<\/p>\n
Edasi: <\/p>\n
# gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nInstalleerime mysql. Teoreetiliselt on v\u00f5imalik kasutada teist sql serverit, kuid ma kasutan selle lihtsuse huvides seda, kuna see on LinOTP jaoks soovitatud.<\/p>\n
(t\u00e4pse teabe, sealhulgas LinOTP andmebaasi konfigureerimise kohta leiate ametlikust dokumentatsioonist lingi kaudu<\/a><\/noindex>. Seal on ka k\u00e4sk: dpkg-reconfigure linotp, et muuta seadeid, kui olete juba mysql'i installinud).<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (veel kord uuenduste kontrollimine ei tee paha)
\nInstalleerime LinOTP ja lisamoodulid:<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVastame installija k\u00fcsimustele: 
\nKasutada Apache2: jah
\nM\u00f5elge admin Linotsi parool: \u201eTeieParool\u201c
\nGenereeri iseallkirjastatud sertifikaat?: jah
\nKas kasutada MySQL?: jah
\nKus on andmebaas: localhost
\nLoome LinOTP nimega andmebaasi serveris: LinOTP2
\nLoome andmebaasi jaoks eraldi kasutaja: LinOTP2
\nM\u00e4\u00e4rame kasutajale parooli: \u201eTeieParool\u201d
\nKas luua andmebaasi kohe? (midagi taolist nagu \"Kas olete kindel, et soovite ...\"): jah
\nSisestame MySQL root parooli, mille l\u00f5ime selle installimisel: \u201eTeieParool\u201d
\nValmis.<\/p>\n
(valikuline, v\u00f5ib ka mitte panna)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n(valikuline, v\u00f5ib ka mitte panna)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00fc\u00fcd on meie veebiliides Linotp saadaval aadressil: <\/p>\n
"<b>https<\\\/b>: \\\\\\\/\\\\\\\/IP_server\\\\\\\/manage"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nR\u00e4\u00e4gin veebiliidese seadistustest natuke hiljem.<\/p>\n
N\u00fc\u00fcd, k\u00f5ige t\u00e4htsam! K\u00e4ivitame FreeRadius ja seome selle LinOTP-iga.<\/p>\n
Paigaldame FreeRadius ja LinOTP mooduli<\/p>\n
# apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nteeme kolme konfi backup klientide ja kasutajate suhtes.<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nLoome t\u00fchja kliendi faili:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRedigeerime meie uut konfi faili (backup konfi v\u00f5ib kasutada n\u00e4itena)<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret = passwd # parool klientide \u00fchendamiseks\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSeej\u00e4rel loome faili users:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRedigeerime faili, \u00f6eldes radius-le, et kasutame autentimiseks perl.<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSeej\u00e4rel redigeerime faili \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPeame m\u00e4\u00e4rama tee perl skriptile linotp parameetris module: <\/p>\n
Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u2026..
\nSeej\u00e4rel loome faili, milles m\u00e4\u00e4rame, kust (domeenist, andmebaasist v\u00f5i failist) andmeid v\u00f5tta.<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
URL=https:\/\/IP_teie_LinOTP_serverist(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSiin peatun veidi l\u00e4hemalt, kuna see on oluline:<\/p>\n
Faili t\u00e4ielik kirjeldus kommentaaridega:
\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)
\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck
\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)
\nREALM=rearm1
\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.
\nRESCONF=flat_file
\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine
\nDebug=True
\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)
\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n
Seej\u00e4rel loome faili \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJa kopeerime sinna konfiguratsiooni (mitte midagi ei pea muutma):<\/p>\n
authorize {\n# normaliseerib vale vormindusega kliendi p\u00e4ringu enne edastamist teistele moodulitele (vt '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n# Kui kasutate mitmeid realm'e, soovite t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt\n# seada \"ignore_null = yes\" k\u00f5igile neist.\n# Vastasel juhul, kui esimese t\u00fc\u00fcbi realm ei \u00fchti,\n# teisi stiile ei kontrollita.\n# lubab realmide loendi (vt '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n# m\u00f5istab midagi nagu USER@REALM ja suudab komponente eristada (vt '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n# m\u00f5istab USERREALM'i ja suudab komponente eristada (vt '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n# Loe 'users' faili, et teada saada erikonfiguratsioonist, mis tuleks rakendada\n# teatud kasutajatele (vt '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# v\u00f5imaldab autentimise aeguda (vt '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# v\u00f5imaldab m\u00e4\u00e4rata kehtiva teenuse ajad (vt '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# Meil pole radius_shortname_map'i!\npap\n}\n# siin kutsutakse linotp perl moodulit edasiseks t\u00f6\u00f6tlemiseks\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSeej\u00e4rel teeme s\u00fcmboolse lingi:<\/p>\n
# ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nIsiklikult h\u00e4vitan ma vaike radiaalsed saidid, kuid kui need on teile vajalikud, siis v\u00f5ite kas nende konfiguratsiooni redigeerida v\u00f5i need v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitada.<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00fc\u00fcd naeme veebiliidese juurde ja vaatame seda veidi l\u00e4hemalt:
\nParemas \u00fclanurgas vajutame LinOTP Config -> UserIdResolvers -> Uus
\nValime, mida soovime: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), v\u00f5i SQL, v\u00f5i s\u00fcsteemi kohalikud kasutajad Flatfile. <\/p>\n
T\u00e4idame vajalikud v\u00e4ljad.<\/p>\n
Seej\u00e4rel loome REALMS'i:
\nParemas \u00fclanurgas vajutame LinOTP Config -> Realms -> Uus. 
\nja anname oma REALMS'ile nime ning kl\u00f5psame varem loodud UserIdResolvers'il.<\/p>\n
K\u00f5ik need andmed on freeRadius jaoks failis \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, millest ma eelnevalt r\u00e4\u00e4kisin, seega, kui te ei ole seda varem redigeerinud, siis tehke seda n\u00fc\u00fcd.<\/p>\n
Kogu server on seadistatud.<\/p>\n
T\u00e4iendamine:<\/p>\n
LinOTP seadistamine Debian 9-l<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Installeerimine: <\/p>\n
# echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (vaikimisi, Debian 9-s ei paku mysql (mariaDB) root-parooli seadistamist, loomulikult v\u00f5ite selle j\u00e4tta ka t\u00fchjaks, kuid kui te loete uudiseid, siis viib see tihti \"epic failideni\", seega seadistame selle siiski)<\/p>\n
# mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
kasuta mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n
UUENDA kasutajat SET Password = PASSWORD('siin_parool') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
exit<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kleepime koodi (saadetud JuriM'ilt, mille eest suur t\u00e4nu!):<\/p>\n
server linotp {
\nkuulame {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1812
\n t\u00fc\u00fcp = auth
\n}
\nkuulame {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1813
\n t\u00fc\u00fcp = acct
\n}
\nautentimine { 
\n eelt\u00f6\u00f6tlus
\n uuenda { 
\n &control:Auth-Type := Perl
\n } 
\n} 
\nautentimine {
\n Auth-Type Perl {
\n perl
\n }
\n}
\narvestamine {
\n unix
\n}
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Muudame \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n
perl {
\n failinimi = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm
\n func_authenticate = authenticate
\n func_authorize = authorize
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Kahjuks ei ole Debian 9-le v\u00f5imalik radius_linotp.pm teeki paigaldada repositooriumidest, seega v\u00f5tame selle GitHubist.<\/p>\n
# apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n
# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
N\u00fc\u00fcd muudame \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n
client servers {
\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24
\n secret = teieparool
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
N\u00fc\u00fcd muudame nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n
Kopeerime sinna sama koodi, mis oli Debian 8 puhul (\u00fcleval kirjas)<\/p>\n
Teoreetiliselt on k\u00f5ik valmis. (veel testimata)<\/p>\n
J\u00e4tan siia alla m\u00f5ned lingid s\u00fcsteemide seadistamiseks, mis vajavad tihti kahefaasilist autentimist: 
\nKahefaasilise autentimise seadistamine Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Seadistamine Cisco ASA-ga<\/a><\/noindex>(seal kasutatakse teist tokenite genereerimise serverit, aga ASA seadistused on samad).<\/p>\n
VPN kahefaasilise autentimisega<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Seadistamine Kahefaasiline autentimine SSH-s<\/a><\/noindex> (seal kasutatakse samuti LinOTP) \u2014 t\u00e4nan autorit. Sealt leiate ka huvitavaid asju LiOTP poliitikate seadistamise kohta.<\/p>\n
Samuti toetavad paljude veebilehtede CMS-id kahefaasilist autentimist (WordPressile on LinOTP-l isegi oma spetsiaalne moodul github<\/a><\/noindex>), n\u00e4iteks, kui soovite oma ettev\u00f5tte veebilehe jaoks luua kaitstud osa t\u00f6\u00f6tajatele.
\nOLULINE FAKT! \u00c4RGE valige \u201eGoogle autenteficator\u201d, kui soovite kasutada Google'i autentifikaatorit! QR-kood ei loeta sel juhul\u2026 (veider fakt)<\/p>\n
Artikli kirjutamisel kasutati j\u00e4rgmiste artiklite teavet:
\nitnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&p=270571<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n
Ait\u00e4h autoritele.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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