{"id":36971,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kakoe-vliyanie-okazyvayut-otklyucheniya-interneta\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:01","slug":"kakoe-vliyanie-okazyvayut-otklyucheniya-interneta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kakoe-vliyanie-okazyvayut-otklyucheniya-interneta","title":{"rendered":"Milline m\u00f5ju on interneti katkestustel?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Milline
\n
\n3. augustil Moskvas kell 12:00 kuni 14:30 koges Rostelekomi v\u00f5rk AS12389 v\u00e4ikest, kuid m\u00e4rgatavat langust. NetBlocks peab<\/a><\/noindex> oli esimene Moskva ajaloos \u201eriiklik sulgemine\u201c. Selle terminiga m\u00f5istetakse valduste kaudu interneti\u00fchenduse katkestamist v\u00f5i juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su piiramist.<\/p>\n

See, mis Moskvas toimus, on juba mitmeid aastaid olnud globaalse trendi osa. Viimase kolme aasta jooksul on k\u00f5ikjal maailmas dokumenteeritud 377 sihip\u00e4rast interneti katkestamist v\u00f5imude poolt, andmete p\u00f5hjal Access Now<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Riigid kasutavad \u00fcha enam juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su piiramist nii tsensuuri kui ka seadusvastaste tegevuste vastu v\u00f5itlemise vahendina.<\/p>\n

Kuid k\u00fcsimus on, kui t\u00f5hus see t\u00f6\u00f6riist tegelikult on? Millistele tulemustele see viib? Viimase aja jooksul on ilmunud mitu uuringut, mis valgustavad seda k\u00fcsimust veidi.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

On kaks peamist interneti katkestamise meetodit, mida k\u00f5ige sagedamini kasutatakse:
\nEsimene on kogu v\u00f5rgu toimimise h\u00e4irimine, nagu see hiljuti juhtus Mauritiusel<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043c) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u00bb, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u041b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Milline
\n\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 2011 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u00ab\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u041d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439. \u0410\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0440, \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0423\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/noindex> \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b<\/a><\/noindex> WhatsApp \u0432 2015 \u0438 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a Facebook Inc (\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442 WhatsApp) \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n

Lisaks on t\u00f5si, et vihkamise v\u00e4ljendus ja valeuudised v\u00f5ivad sotsiaalmeedias ja messenging'appides v\u00e4ga kiiresti levida. \u00dcks viise, kuidas v\u00f5imud p\u00fc\u00fcavad sellise teabe levikut v\u00e4ltida, on juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su piiramine internetile.
\nN\u00e4iteks eelmisel aastal, oli Indias lynchimistest<\/a><\/noindex> s\u00fc\u00fcdistatud WhatsAppi kaudu levitatud kuulujuttudes, mis viis kohutavate 46 m\u00f5rvani.<\/p>\n

Kuid digitaalsed \u00f5iguste kaitsjad Access Now<\/a><\/noindex> usuvad, et valeinformatsiooni levitamine on sageli lihtsalt varjuks ajutistele interneti v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitamistele. N\u00e4iteks uurimus<\/a><\/noindex> S\u00fc\u00fcria interneti katkestamised on n\u00e4idanud, et need langevad sageli kokku oluliselt k\u00f5rgemate valitsuse j\u00f5hkruse tasemetega.<\/p>\n

\"Milline
\nAmetlikud VS tegelikud p\u00f5hjused interneti v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitamise kohta 2018. aastal andmete p\u00f5hjal Access Now<\/a><\/noindex><\/i>.<\/p>\n

Katkestamise geograafia<\/h2>\n

\n2018. aastal Access Now<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00f6\u00f6 ts 196 interneti katkestamist \u00fcle kogu maailma. Nagu eelmistel aastatel, toimusid enamik katkestamistest Indias, 67% k\u00f5igist registreeritud katkestamistest maailmas.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 33% \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445: \u0410\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0440, \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0448, \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443\u043d, \u0427\u0430\u0434, \u041a\u043e\u0442-\u0434’\u0418\u0432\u0443\u0430\u0440, \u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e, \u042d\u0444\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f, \u0418\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043a, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0430, \u041d\u0438\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n

\"Milline
\n<\/p>\n

Katkestuste m\u00f5ju<\/h2>\n

\nHuvitav uuring<\/a><\/noindex> avalikustatud veebruaris 2019, selle autor Jan Rydzak Stanfordi \u00fclikoolist on uurinud interneti katkestusi ja nende m\u00f5ju juba umbes 5 aastat.<\/p>\n

Jan Rydzak on uurinud Indiat, kus on rohkem interneti katkestusi kui kusagil mujal maailmas. Paljude neist p\u00f5hjused ei ole seletatud, kuid ametlikult tunnustatud k\u00f5rvalekalded on tavaliselt p\u00f5hjendatud vajadusega maha suruda erinevaid v\u00e4givaldseid kollektiivseid tegevusi.<\/p>\n

Kokku anal\u00fc\u00fcsis Rydzak 22 891 meeleavaldust Indias ajavahemikul 2016 kuni 2017. Tema uuring n\u00e4itab, et nii interneti kui ka sotsiaalmeedia juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su piirangud ei tundu v\u00e4hendavat eskalatsiooni taset. <\/p>\n

Juhtudel, kui protestid on seotud v\u00e4givallaga, on leitud, et interneti\u00fchenduste katkestamine on tavaliselt seotud selle eskaleerimisega. Iga p\u00e4ev p\u00e4rast interneti katkestamist t\u00f5i kaasa rohkem v\u00e4givalda kui siis, kui protest toimus pideva interneti\u00fchendusega.<\/p>\n

Samal ajal, rahumeelsete aktsioonide ajal, kus interneti katkestamine oli t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt rohkem seotud p\u00f5hjaliku koordineerimisega digitaalsetes kanalites, ei leitud statistiliselt olulist m\u00f5ju katkestamisest.<\/p>\n

Lisaks n\u00e4itavad kogutud andmed, et m\u00f5ningatel juhtudel viisid interneti ligip\u00e4\u00e4su katkestamised mittes\u00fc\u00fctute taktika asendamiseni v\u00e4givaldsete meetoditega, mis ilmselt s\u00f5ltuvad v\u00e4hem t\u00f5husast suhtlemisest ja koordineerimisest.<\/p>\n

Katkestamise hind<\/h2>\n

\nKuigi interneti ligip\u00e4\u00e4su katkestamine on paljude valitsuste seas \u00fcha populaarsem meede, ei tohi unustada, et see ei ole tasuta nauding.<\/p>\n

Uurides 81 l\u00fchiajalise interneti ligip\u00e4\u00e4su piirangut<\/a><\/noindex> 19 riigis juulist 2015 kuni juunini 2016 leidis Darrell West Brookingsi instituudist, et kogukahju SKT-st on hinnanguliselt 2,4 miljardit dollarit.<\/p>\n

\"Milline
\nRiikide loetelu, kus interneti katkestamisest on saadud k\u00f5ige suuremad kaotused.<\/i><\/p>\n

On oluline m\u00e4rkida, et Darrell West arvestas ainult katkestuste majanduslikku m\u00f5ju sisemajanduse koguprodukt<\/a><\/noindex>. Ta ei hindanud maksuprognooside puudumist, t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u tootlikkuse m\u00f5ju ega investorite usaldamatuse suurenemist katkestuste t\u00f5ttu.
\nSeet\u00f5ttu on 2,4 miljardi dollari arv konservatiivne hinnang, mis t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt alahindab tegelikku majanduslikku kahju.<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5te<\/h2>\n

\nK\u00fcsimus vajab kindlasti edasist uurimist. N\u00e4iteks ei ole selge, kuiv\u00f5rd saab shutdownide uurimist Indias projekteerida teistele riikidele.<\/p>\n

Kuid samas n\u00e4ib, et interneti katkestamine on parimal juhul halvasti toimiv vahend, mille kasutuskulud on k\u00f5rged. Selle kasutamine v\u00f5ib tuua kaasa negatiivseid tagaj\u00e4rgi.<\/p>\n

V\u00f5imalikud on ka muud riskid, nagu n\u00e4iteks rahvusvaheliste organisatsioonide v\u00f5i kohtute kehtestatud piirangud ja investeerimiskliima halvenemine. Nende toimumise t\u00f5en\u00e4osus on praegu veel uurimata.<\/p>\n

Ja kui nii, siis miks?
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

3 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 12:00 \u0438 14:30 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430 AS12389 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. 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