{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"Nftables pakettide filter 0.9.2 v\u00e4ljaanne","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">On toimunud<\/a><\/noindex> paketifiltri v\u00e4ljaanne <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, mis areneb iptables, ip6tables, arptables ja ebtables asendajana, \u00fchtlustades pakettide filtreerimise liidesid IPv4, IPv6, ARP ja v\u00f5rgu sildade jaoks. Paket nftables sisaldab kasutajaruumi t\u00f6\u00f6tavaid paketifiltri komponente, samas kui tuuma tasemel tagab t\u00f6\u00f6 nf_tables alams\u00fcsteem, mis on osa Linuxi tuumast alates versioonist 3.13. Nftables 0.9.2 t\u00f6\u00f6ks vajalikud muudatused on lisatud Linuxi tuumasse 5.3.<\/p>\n<p>Tuuma tasandil pakutakse vaid \u00fcldist liidest, mis ei ole s\u00f5ltuv konkreetsetest protokollidest ning mis pakub baasfunktsioone andmete paketist v\u00e4ljav\u00f5tmiseks, andmetega t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks ja voogude haldamiseks. Filtrimise loogika ja protokollispetsiifilised t\u00f6\u00f6tlejad kompileeritakse byte-koodiks kasutaja ruumis, seej\u00e4rel laaditakse see byte-kood tuumasse Netlinki liidese abil ja seda t\u00e4idetakse spetsiaalses virtuaalses masinas, mis meenutab BPF-i (Berkeley Packet Filters). Selline l\u00e4henemine v\u00f5imaldab m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rselt v\u00e4hendada tuumal t\u00f6\u00f6tava filtreerimiskoodi suurust ning viia k\u00f5ik reeglite anal\u00fc\u00fcsi ja protokollidega t\u00f6\u00f6tamise funktsioonid kasutaja ruumi.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f5hilised uuendused:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00f5ime kontrollida transporditase paketi pealkirja pordinumbrit s\u00f5ltumata 4. taseme protokollit\u00fc\u00fcbist:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Toetab eluea taastamise v\u00f5imalust elementide kogumis:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00f5imalus kontrollida IPv4 pakettide eraldi valikuid (lsrr, rr, ssrr ja ra):\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>Marsruutimisvalikute puhul on v\u00f5imalik kontrollida v\u00e4ljade type, ptr, length ja addr:<\/p>\n<p>   lisage reegel x y ip valik rr t\u00fc\u00fcp 1 langeta<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Avaldustes on n\u00fc\u00fcd lubatud m\u00e4\u00e4rata v\u00f5rgueeliseid ja aadresside vahemikke:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tugiteenuste muutujate kasutamine ahelate m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemisel:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ahela prioriteeti saab n\u00fc\u00fcd m\u00e4\u00e4rata nii numbriliselt kui ka s\u00fcmboolselt:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    define prioffset = \u00abfilter \u2014 150\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> On rakendatud synproxy moduuli tugi. N\u00e4iteks, et kaitsta TCP-porti 8888 synproxy abil, saab kasutada reeglite komplekti:\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain z {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct state invalid,untracked synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 timestamp sack-perm ct state invalid drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Koosolekute tabelis conntrack seostatud oodatud t\u00e4iendavate \u00fchenduste m\u00e4\u00e4ramine, mida kasutatakse mitme \u00fchenduse loomist n\u00f5udvates protokollides ja stsenaariumides, on n\u00fc\u00fcd v\u00f5imalik m\u00e4\u00e4rata poliitikaid l\u00e4bi vaikimisi reeglite kogumite. N\u00e4iteks, et m\u00e4\u00e4rata oodatavad TCP port 8888 \u00fchenduste j\u00e4rel j\u00e4rgmised \u00fchendused port 5432, saab m\u00e4\u00e4rata j\u00e4rgmised reeglid:\n<p>        tabel x {<br \/>\n                ct expectation myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protokoll tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        timeout 1h<br \/>\n                        size 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                ahel input {<br \/>\n                        t\u00fc\u00fcp filter hook input priority 0;<br \/>\n                        ct state new tcp dport 8888 ct expectation set myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct state established,related counter accept<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Allikas: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 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