{"id":37376,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/opticheskij-telegraf-svch-set-i-bashnya-tesly-neobychnye-vyshki-svyazi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:16","slug":"opticheskij-telegraf-svch-set-i-bashnya-tesly-neobychnye-vyshki-svyazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/opticheskij-telegraf-svch-set-i-bashnya-tesly-neobychnye-vyshki-svyazi","title":{"rendered":"Optiline telegramm, MW-v\u00f5rk ja Tesla torn: ebatavalised side tornid","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Optiline
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\nMe k\u00f5ik oleme harjunud, et side tornid ja mastid n\u00e4evad igavad v\u00f5i kole. \u00d5nneks on ajaloo jooksul olnud \u2014 ja on \u2014 huvitavaid, ebatavalisi n\u00e4iteid nendest, tegelikult utilitaarsest ehitistest. Oleme kokku kogunud v\u00e4ikese valiku side torne, mis tundusid meile eriti t\u00e4helepanuv\u00e4\u00e4rsed.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Stockholmi torn<\/h1>\n

\nAlustame 'trumlist' \u2014 k\u00f5ige ebatavalisest ja vanimast konstruktsioonist meie valikus. Kutsuda seda 'torniks' on isegi keeruline. 1887. aastal ehitati Stockholmis ruudukujuline terastoorik. Nurgas tornide, lipumastide ja perimeetri kaunistustega \u2014 ilus!<\/p>\n

\"Optiline
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\nTorn n\u00e4gi talvel eriti maagiline v\u00e4lja, kui juhtmed olid j\u00e4\u00e4s:<\/p>\n

\"Optiline
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\n1913. aastal kattus torn telefonikeskuse roll, kuid seda ei purustatud ja j\u00e4eti linnaarhitektuuriks. Kahjuks, t\u00e4pselt 40 aastat hiljem, toimus hoones tulekahju ja torn tuli lammutada.<\/p>\n

Mikrolainev\u00f5rk<\/h1>\n

\n1948. aastal lansseeris Ameerika ettev\u00f5te AT&T kuluka projekti raadioreleev\u00f5rgu loomiseks MW-sagedusvahemikus. 1951. aastal pandi 107 tornist koosnev v\u00f5rk t\u00f6\u00f6le. Esmakordselt sai kogu riiki telefonik\u00f5nesid teha ja TV-signaali edastada ainult '\u00f5hu kaudu', ilma kaabelv\u00f5rkude kasutamiseta. Nende antennide koonus meenutas mingil m\u00e4\u00e4ral grammofone v\u00f5i disainitud k\u00f5lareid, mis olid ehitatud vastupidise koonusena.<\/p>\n

Kuid hiljem j\u00e4i v\u00f5rk unarusse, kuna raadioreleev MW-side k\u00f5rval tuli kiudoptiline side. Tornide saatus oli erinev: m\u00f5ned roostetavad tegevuseta, teised viidi metalli, m\u00f5ned v\u00e4iksemad ettev\u00f5tted kasutasid neid side korraldamiseks; m\u00f5ndasid torne kasutavad oma vajadusteks kohalikud elanikud.<\/p>\n

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Wardencliffi torn<\/h1>\n

\nNikola Tesla oli geenius ning ilmselt endiselt alahinnatud. V\u00f5ib-olla ei olnud ilma mingi hulluseta. Juhul, kui investorid ei petnud teda, oleks ta v\u00f5inud ajaloos siseneda kui inimene, kes muutis kogu inimkonna elu. Kuid n\u00fc\u00fcd on sellest vaid spekuleerida.<\/p>\n

1901. aastal alustas Tesla Wardencliffi torni ehitamist, mis pidi olema transatlantilise side\u00fchenduse aluseks. Samuti soovis Tesla selle abil t\u00f5estada juhtimise v\u00f5imalust juhtmevaba elektri edastamise osas \u2013 leiutaja unistas luua globaalse elektri\u00fclekande, raadioteabe ja raadioside s\u00fcsteemi. Kahjuks olid tema ambitsioonid vastuolus tema investorite \u00e4rihuvidega, mist\u00f5ttu l\u00f5petasid need rahastamise, ja projekt tuli 1905. aastal sulgeda.<\/p>\n

Torn rajati Tesla laboratooriumi l\u00e4hedale:<\/p>\n

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\nKahjuks pole geeniuse looming t\u00e4nap\u00e4evani s\u00e4ilinud \u2013 torn lammutati 1917. aastal.<\/p>\n

Kolmeharuline hiiglane<\/h1>\n

\nEnt see torn elab ja on aktiivselt kasutusel, tuues kasu. 298 meetri k\u00f5rgune konstruktsioon on rajatud San Francisco k\u00fcnkale. See valmis 1973. aastal ja on siiani kasutusel tele- ja raadiovastuv\u00f5ttudeks. Kuni 2017. aastani oli Sutro torn (Sutro) linna k\u00f5rgeim arhitektuurne objekt.<\/p>\n

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\nSelle pildi peal klikkides avatakse t\u00e4issuuruses foto:<\/p>\n

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\nVaade San Franciscost tornist:<\/p>\n

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\n<\/p>\n

Madala veega<\/h1>\n

\nKord ehitas USA \u00f5huj\u00f5ud Mehhiko lahes mitu side raadio\u00fclekande torni.<\/p>\n

\"Optiline
\nOtse p\u00f5hjas, madalas vees pandi betoonalustele terasest kolmnurgad, ja nende kohal kerkivad saledad antennimastid, mille plaadid mahutavad v\u00e4ikse maja. V\u00e4ga ebatavaline vaatepilt \u2013 mere keskel k\u00f5rguv peen mast.<\/p>\n

\"Optiline
\nKuidas see tavaliselt juhtub, on side tehnoloogia areng teinud tornid \u00fcleliigseks, ja t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval ei tea s\u00f5jav\u00e4gi, mida nendega teha: kas l\u00f5igata, uppuda v\u00f5i j\u00e4tta seisma. Huvi pakub, et aastate jooksul on antennid muutunud omamoodi kunstlikeks rifideks oma pisikeste \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemidega, ja neid on armastanud merekalastuse ja sukeldumise entusiastid, kes on isegi esitanud petitsiooni, et torne mitte h\u00e4vitada.<\/p>\n

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Kuni raadioni<\/h1>\n

\nJa l\u00f5petuseks meie valikust tahame r\u00e4\u00e4kida kahe prantslase, vendade Chapp'i leiutisest. 1792. aastal demonstreerisid nad nii \u00f6eldud \u201esemafori\u201c \u2014 v\u00e4ikest torni p\u00f6\u00f6rleva ristv\u00e4ljakuga, mille otsas asusid samuti p\u00f6\u00f6rlevad plaadid. Vendade Chapp'i idee oli kodeerida t\u00e4hestiku t\u00e4hed ja numbrid erinevate v\u00e4ljakute ja plaatide asendite abil.<\/p>\n

\"Optiline
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\nPlaate ja v\u00e4ljakut tuli p\u00f6\u00f6rata k\u00e4sitsi. T\u00e4na tundub see k\u00f5ik uskumatult aeglane ja ebamugav, lisaks oli sellisel s\u00fcsteemil t\u00f5sine puudus: see s\u00f5ltus t\u00e4ielikult ilmast ja \u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4evaajast. Kuid 18. sajandi l\u00f5pus oli see fantastiline edusamm \u2014 linnade vahel sai l\u00fchikesi s\u00f5numeid edastada umbes 20 minutiga torni kaudu.<\/p>\n

\"Optiline
\nJa juba 19. sajandi keskpaiku olid k\u00f5ik optiliste telegraafide t\u00fc\u00fcbid \u2014 sealhulgas variandid, mis kasutasid valgussignaale \u2014 v\u00e4lja t\u00f5rjunud elektriline kaablitelegraaf. M\u00f5nedes arhitektuurim\u00e4lestistes on siiani s\u00e4ilinud tornid, kus kunagi seisid semaforitornid. N\u00e4iteks Talvepalees.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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